American fast food restaurant chain

corporate logo on loss background with the wordmark, used in the 1990s and early 2000s

McDonald’s is an american firm food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and late turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald ‘s had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its ball-shaped headquarters to Chicago in June 2018. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] McDonald ‘s is the world ‘s largest restaurant range by gross, [ 12 ] service over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries [ 13 ] across 37,855 outlets as of 2018. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Although McDonald ‘s is best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers and french fries, they feature chicken products, breakfast items, delicate drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts. In reception to changing consumer tastes and a minus backfire because of the ill health of their food, [ 16 ] the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and yield. The McDonald ‘s Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, arsenic well as sales in company-operated restaurants. According to two reports published in 2018, McDonald ‘s is the world ‘s second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees ( behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees ). [ 17 ] [ 18 ] As of 2020, McDonald ‘s has the ninth-highest global brand evaluation. [ 19 ]

history

Siblings Richard and Maurice McDonald opened the first McDonald ‘s at 1398 North E Street at West 14th Street in San Bernardino, California ( at ), on May 15, 1940. The brothers introduced the “ Speedee Service System ” in 1948, putting into expanded use the principles of the mod fast-food restaurant that their harbinger White Castle had put into exercise more than two decades earlier. [ citation needed ] The original mascot of McDonald ‘s was a chef hat on top of a hamburger who was referred to as “ Speedee ”. [ 20 ] In 1962, the Golden Arches replaced Speedee as the universal mascot. The mascot, clown Ronald McDonald, was introduced in 1965. He appeared in advertise to target their consultation of children. [ 21 ]
logo from 1940 until 1948 logo from 1948 until 1953 logo from 1953 until 1960 On May 4, 1961, McDonald ‘s first filed for a U.S. brand on the diagnose “ McDonald ‘s ” with the description “ Drive-In Restaurant Services ”, which continues to be renewed. By September 13, McDonald ‘s, under the guidance of Ray Kroc, filed for a brand on a newly logo—an overlap, double-arched “ M ” symbol. But before the double arches, McDonald ‘s used a single arch for the architecture of their buildings. Although the “ Golden Arches “ logo appeared in versatile forms, the confront translation was not used until November 18, 1968, when the company was favored a U.S. trademark. The present pot credits its establish to franchised businessman Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955. This was in fact the ninth opened McDonald ‘s restaurant overall, although this localization was destroyed and rebuilt in 1984. In 1961, Kroc purchased the McDonald brothers ‘ equity in the ship’s company and began the company ‘s global achieve. [ 22 ] Kroc was recorded as being an aggressive business partner, driving the McDonald brothers out of the industry. Kroc and the McDonald brothers fought for control of the business, as documented in Kroc ‘s autobiography. The San Bernardino restaurant was finally tear down in 1971, and the site was sold to the Juan Pollo chain in 1998. This area serves as headquarters for the Juan Pollo chain, and a McDonald ‘s and Route 66 museum. [ 23 ] With the expansion of McDonald ‘s into many international markets, the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the american way of animation. Its prominence has made it a patronize subject of public debates about fleshiness, bodied ethics, and consumer province .

corporate overview

Facts and figures

corporate logo used from 1960 until November 18, 1968 corporate logo used from November 18, 1968, until 2003, 2010 to present bodied logo used from 1993 to 2010 [24] By 1993, McDonald ‘s had sold more than 100 billion hamburgers so two-digit signs were left at “ 99 billion ”. McDonald ‘s restaurants are in 120 countries and territories and serve 68 million customers each day. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] McDonald ‘s operates 37,855 restaurants global, employing more than 210,000 people as of the end of 2018. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 25 ] There are a sum of 2,770 company-owned locations and 35,085 franchise locations, which includes 21,685 locations franchised to conventional franchisees, 7,225 locations licensed to developmental licensees, and 6,175 locations licensed to foreign affiliates. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Focusing on its core brand, McDonald ‘s began divesting itself of other chains it had acquired during the 1990s. The caller owned a majority stake in Chipotle Mexican Grill until October 2006, when McDonald ‘s fully divested from Chipotle through a broth exchange. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] Until December 2003, it owned Donatos Pizza, and it owned a small share of Aroma Café, from 1999 to 2001. On August 27 2007, McDonald ‘s sold Boston Market to Sun Capital Partners. [ 29 ] McDonald ‘s has increased stockholder dividends for 25 consecutive years, [ 30 ] making it one of the S & P 500 Dividend Aristocrats. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] The company is rate 131st on the Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by tax income. [ 33 ] In October 2012, its monthly sales fell for the first clock time in nine years. [ 34 ] In 2014, its quarterly sales fell for the inaugural time in seventeen years, when its sales dropped for the entirety of 1997. [ 35 ] In the United States, it is reported that drive-throughs report for 70 percentage of sales. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] McDonald ‘s closed down 184 restaurants in the United States in 2015, which was 59 more than what they planned to open. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] This move was the first clock time McDonald ‘s had a net decrease in the total of locations in the United States since 1970. [ 39 ] The McDonald ‘s on-demand rescue concept, which began in 2017 with a partnership with Uber Eats and added DoorDash in 2019 ( with choose locations adding Grubhub in 2021 ), accounts for up to 3 % of all business as of 2019. [ 40 ] The $ 100 billion in sales generated by McDonald ‘s company-owned and franchise restaurants in 2019 accounts for about 4 % of the calculate $ 2.5 trillion global restaurant industry. [ 41 ]

finance

For the fiscal class 2018, McDonald ‘s report earnings of US $ 5.9 billion, with an annual gross of US $ 21.0 billion, a decrease of 7.9 % over the previous fiscal motorbike. McDonald ‘s shares traded at over $ 145 per contribution, and its market capitalization was valued at over US $ 134.5 billion in September 2018 .

Year Revenue
in mil. USD$ 		Net income
in mil. USD$ 		Total assets
in mil. USD$ 		Price per share
in USD$ 		Locations[42] Employees Ref.
2005 19,117 2,602 29,989 31.88 [43]
2006 20,895 3,544 28,975 36.79 31,046 [43]
2007 22,787 2,395 29,392 50.98 31.377 [43]
2008 23,522 4,313 28,462 58.06 31,967 [44]
2009 22,745 4,551 30,225 57.44 32,478 [45]
2010 24,075 4,946 31,975 70.91 32,737 [46]
2011 27,006 5,503 32,990 83.97 33,510 [47]
2012 27,567 5,465 35,387 92.53 34,480 [48]
2013 28,106 5,586 36,626 97.26 35,429 440,000 [49]
2014 27,441 4,758 34,227 96.38 36,258 420,000 [50]
2015 25,413 4,529 37,939 100.28 36,525 420,000 [51]
2016 24,622 4,687 31,024 120.14 36,899 375,000 [52]
2017 22,820 5,192 33,804 148.76 37,241 235,000 [53]
2018 21,025 5,924 32,811 166.06 37,855 210,000 [54]
2019 21,077 6,025 47,511 38,695 205,000 [55]

business exemplar

Ray Kroc joined the chain in 1954 and built it into a global franchise, making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world. The company owns all the down on which its restaurants are situated, which is valued at an calculate $ 16 to $ 18 billion. [ citation needed ] The company earns a significant assign of its gross from rental payments from franchisees. These economic rent payments rose 26 percentage, between 2010 and 2015, accounting for one-fifth of the company ‘s total tax income at the end of the time period. [ 56 ] In recent times, there have been calls to spin off the ship’s company ‘s U.S. holdings into a potential real estate investment faith, but the company announced at its investor league on November 10, 2015, that this would not happen. CEO Steve Easterbrook discussed that pursuing the REIT option would pose excessively large a risk to the company ‘s commercial enterprise model. [ 57 ] The United Kingdom and Ireland business exemplar is unlike from the U.S, in that fewer than 30 percentage of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald ‘s trains its franchisees and management at Hamburger University located at its Chicago headquarters. [ 58 ] [ 59 ] In other countries, McDonald ‘s restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald ‘s Corporation and other, local anesthetic entities or governments. [ 60 ] According to Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser ( 2001 ), about one in eight workers in the U.S. have at some time been employed by McDonald ‘s. Employees are encouraged by McDonald ‘s Corp. to maintain their health by singing along to their darling songs in ordering to relieve stress, attending church service services in order to have a lower blood pressure, and taking two vacations annually in order to reduce risk for myocardial infarct. [ 61 ] Fast Food Nation states that McDonald ‘s is the largest private operator of playgrounds in the U.S., arsenic well as the individual largest buyer of gripe, pork barrel, potatoes, and apples. The choice of meats McDonald ‘s uses varies to some extent based on the polish of the host nation. [ 62 ]

Headquarters

On June 13, 2016, McDonald ‘s confirm plans to move its ball-shaped headquarters to Chicago ‘s West Loop vicinity in the Near West Side. The 608,000-square-foot structure opened on June 4, 2018, and was built on the former site of Harpo Productions ( where The Oprah Winfrey Show and several other Harpo productions taped ). [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The McDonald ‘s early headquarters complex, McDonald ‘s Plaza, is located in Oak Brook, Illinois. It sits on the site of the erstwhile headquarters and stabling area of Paul Butler, the collapse of Oak Brook. [ 63 ] McDonald ‘s moved into the Oak Brook facility from an office within the Chicago Loop in 1971. [ 64 ]

Board of directors

As of February 2021, the board of directors had the succeed members : [ 65 ]
On March 1, 2015, after being foreman trade name policeman of McDonald ‘s and its former head in the UK and northern Europe, Steve Easterbrook became CEO, succeeding Don Thompson, who stepped down on January 28, 2015. On November 4, 2019, McDonald ‘s announced that Steve Easterbrook would no long be CEO due to a misdemeanor of caller guidelines pertaining to relationships with employees. Easterbrook was succeeded as chief executive officer by Chris Kempczinski. [ 66 ]

ball-shaped operations

Countries with McDonald ‘s restaurants, showing their first year with its first restaurant McDonald ‘s has become emblematic of globalization, sometimes referred to as the “ McDonaldization “ of company. The Economist newspaper uses the “ Big Mac Index “ : the comparison of the monetary value of a Big Mac in versatile world currencies can be used to informally judge these currencies ‘ purchasing office parity. Switzerland has the most expensive Big Mac in the world as of July 2015, while the nation with the least expensive Big Mac is India [ 67 ] [ 68 ] ( albeit for a Maharaja Mac —the adjacent cheap Big Mac is Hong Kong ). [ 69 ] Thomas Friedman said that no nation with a McDonald ‘s had gone to war with another ; [ 70 ] [ 71 ] however, the “ golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention “ is faulty. Exceptions are the 1989 United States invasion of Panama, the NATO ‘s bombard of Serbia in 1999, the 2006 Lebanon War, and the 2008 South Ossetia war. McDonald ‘s suspend operations in its corporate-owned stores in Crimea after Russia annexed the area in 2014. [ 72 ] On August 20, 2014, as tensions between the United States and Russia strained over events in Ukraine, and the vector sum U.S. sanctions, the russian politics temporarily shut down four McDonald ‘s outlets in Moscow, citing sanitary concerns. The company has operated in Russia since 1990 and at August 2014 had 438 stores across the area. [ 73 ] On August 23, 2014, russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich ruled out any politics move to ban McDonald ‘s and dismissed the notion that the irregular closures had anything to do with the sanctions. [ 74 ] Some observers have suggested that the ship’s company should be given credit for increasing the standard of avail in markets that it enters. A group of anthropologists in a study entitled Golden Arches East [ 75 ] looked at the impact McDonald ‘s had on East Asia and Hong Kong, in detail. When it opened in Hong Kong in 1975, McDonald ‘s was the first restaurant to systematically offer fairly restrooms, driving customers to demand the like of other restaurants and institutions. McDonald ‘s has taken to partnering up with Sinopec, the second largest anoint company in the People ‘s Republic of China, as it takes advantage of the country ‘s growing practice of personal vehicles by opening numerous drive-thru restaurants. [ 76 ] McDonald ‘s has opened a McDonald ‘s restaurant and McCafé on the underground premises of the french fine arts museum, The Louvre. [ 77 ] The company stated it would open vegetarian-only restaurants in India by mid-2013. [ 78 ] On January 9, 2017, 80 % of the franchise rights in the mainland China and in Hong Kong were sold for US $ 2.08 billion to a consortium of CITIC Limited ( for 32 % ) and secret fairness funds managed by CITIC Capital ( for 20 % ) and Carlyle ( for 20 % ), which CITIC Limited and CITIC Capital would formed a roast speculation to own the bet on. [ 79 ]

Products

McDonald ‘s predominantly sells hamburgers, versatile types of chicken, chicken sandwiches, french fries, piano drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald ‘s offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps and other localized fare. On a seasonal worker basis, McDonald ‘s offers the McRib sandwich. Some speculate the seasonality of the McRib adds to its attract. [ 80 ] Products are offered as either “ dine-in ” ( where the customer opts to eat in the restaurant ) or “ take-out ” ( where the customer opts to take the food off the premises ). “ Dine-in ” meals are provided on a fictile tray with a composition cut-in on the shock of the tray. “ Take-out ” meals are normally delivered with the contents enclosed in a classifiable McDonald’s-branded embrown paper base. In both cases, the person items are wrapped or boxed as allow. Since Steve Easterbrook became CEO of the company, McDonald ‘s has streamlined the menu which in the United States contained about 200 items. The company has looked to introduce healthier options, and removed high-fructose corn syrup from hamburger bun. The company has removed artificial preservatives from Chicken McNuggets, [ 81 ] replacing chicken peel, safflower oil and citric acid found in Chicken McNuggets with pea starch, rice starch and powdered gamboge juice. [ 82 ] In September 2018, McDonald ‘s USA announced that they no longer use artificial preservatives, flavors and colors entirely from seven classic burgers sold in the U.S., including the hamburger, cheeseburger, double cheeseburger, McDouble, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, double Quarter Pounder with Cheese and the Big Mac. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] Nevertheless, the pickles will still be made with an artificial preservative, although customers can choose to opt out of getting pickles with their burgers. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] In November 2020, McDonald ‘s announce McPlant, a plant-based hamburger, along with plans to develop extra kernel alternative menu items that extend to chicken substitutes and breakfast sandwiches. [ 87 ] [ 88 ] This announcement came after the successful screen of Beyond Meat plant based kernel substitutes .

International menu variations

McDonald ‘s happy Price Menu. Delhi. 2004. McDonald ‘s Menu are different in their countries. Restaurants in respective countries, peculiarly in Asia, serve soup. This local anesthetic deviation from the criterion menu is a characteristic for which the chain is particularly known, and one which is employed either to abide by regional food taboo ( such as the religious prohibition of gripe consumption in India ) or to make available foods with which the regional grocery store is more familiar ( such as the sale of McRice in Indonesia, or Ebi ( prawn ) Burger in Singapore and Japan ). In Germany and some early western european countries, McDonald ‘s sells beer. In New Zealand, McDonald ‘s sells kernel pies, after local consort McDonald ‘s New Zealand partially relaunched the Georgie Pie fast food chain it bought out in 1996. [ 89 ] In Greece, the signature ground beef, Big Mac, is changed by adding Tzatziki sauce and packaging in a pita. [ 90 ] In the United States and Canada, after express trials on a regional basis, McDonald ‘s began offering in 2015 [ 91 ] and 2017, [ 92 ] respectively, a partial derivative breakfast menu during all hours its restaurants are open .

Restaurants

Types of restaurants

Most standalone McDonald ‘s restaurants offer both counter service and drive-through servicing, with indoor and sometimes outdoor seat. [ 93 ] Drive-Thru, Auto-Mac, Pay and Drive, or “ McDrive ” as it is known in many countries, often has separate stations for place, paying for, and picking up orders, though the latter two steps are frequently combined ; [ 93 ] it was beginning introduced in Sierra Vista, Arizona in 1975, [ 94 ] following the lead of other fast-food chains. The first such restaurant in Britain opened at Fallowfield, Manchester in 1986. [ 95 ] In 1994, McDonald ‘s attempted Hearth Express, a prototype specializing in homestyle takeout meals. Among the do offered were meatloaf, fried chicken, and baked ham. This experiment started with a single placement in Darien, Illinois, but closed in alone one year. [ 96 ]

McDrive

In some countries, McDrive locations near highways offer no counter service or seat. [ 97 ] In line, locations in high-density city neighborhoods frequently omit drive-through service. [ 98 ] There are besides a few locations, by and large in business district districts, that offer a “ Walk-Thru ” service in place of Drive-Thru. [ 99 ]

McCafé

McCafé is a café -style accompaniment to McDonald ‘s restaurants. The concept was created by McDonald ‘s Australia, starting with Melbourne in 1993. [ 100 ] As of 2016, most McDonald ‘s in Australia have McCafés located within the existing McDonald ‘s restaurant. In Tasmania, there are McCafés in every restaurant, with the respite of the states promptly following suit. [ 93 ] After upgrading to the new McCafé attend and find, some australian restaurants have noticed up to a 60 percentage increase in sales. At the end of 2003, there were over 600 McCafés worldwide. [ citation needed ]

“ Create Your taste ” restaurants

From 2015 to 2016, McDonald ‘s tried a new epicure burger service and restaurant concept based on other epicure restaurants such as Shake Shack and Grill ‘d. It was rolled out for the foremost time in Australia during the early months of 2015 and expanded to China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Arabia and New Zealand, with ongoing trials in the US grocery store. In consecrated “ Create Your taste ” ( CYT ) kiosks, customers could choose all ingredients including type of bun and meat along with optional extras. CYT food was served to the table on wooden boards, fries in electrify baskets, and salads in taiwan roll with metallic element cutter at a higher price. In November 2016, Create Your Taste was replaced by a “ key signature Crafted Recipes ” program designed to be more effective and less expensive. [ 101 ]

other

Some locations are connected to gasoline stations and appliance stores, [ 102 ] while others called McExpress have limited seating or menu or may be located in a shop plaza. other McDonald ‘s are located in Walmart stores. McStop is a location targeted at truckers and travelers which may have services found at hand truck stops. [ 103 ] In the United Kingdom, McDonald ‘s restaurants can be found in service stations, gasoline stations, McDrive Thru, Asda Superstores and Supercenters, shop centres, retail parks and high street restaurants. other McDonald ‘s locations named ‘McExpress ‘ or ‘McDonald ‘s & Go ‘ have limited seating and can be found more normally in railway stations and airports. In Sweden, Happy Meal containers can be used as goggles, [ 104 ] with the crippled Slope Stars. [ 104 ] In the Netherlands, McDonald ‘s has introduced McTrax that doubles as a record studio ; it reacts to touch. [ 104 ] They can create their own beats with a synth and tweak sounds with special effects. [ 104 ] On the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany is the universe ‘s only McBoat, a float through serve ( similar to drive through ) for people on the river. [ 105 ] [ 106 ]

particular diet

The first base kosher McDonald ‘s was established in 1997 at the Abasto de Buenos Aires plaza in Buenos Aires, Argentina. There are many kosher branches in Israel. [ 107 ] [ 108 ]

Playgrounds

McDonald ‘s playgrounds are called McDonald ‘s PlayPlace. Some McDonald ‘s in suburban areas and certain cities feature big indoor or outdoor playgrounds. The first PlayPlace with the familiar crawl-tube design with ball pits and slides was introduced in 1987 in the US, with many more being constructed soon after. [ citation needed ]

McDonald ‘s future

McDonald ‘s adjacent use open-concept design and offer “ Create Your Taste ” digital rate. The concept shop besides offers free mobile device charging and postpone service after 6:00 phase modulation. The inaugural memory opened in Hong Kong in December 2015. [ 109 ]

2006 redesign

An american McDonald ‘s in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, in June 2008 ; this is an model of the “ new ” look of American McDonald ‘s restaurants In 2006, McDonald ‘s introduced its “ Forever Young ” post by redesigning all of its restaurants, the first major redesign since the 1970s. [ 110 ] [ 111 ] It resembles a chocolate shop class, with wooden tables, faux-leather chairs, and muted colors ; the crimson was muted to terracotta, the yellow was shifted to golden for a more “ cheery ” expression, and olive and sage green were added. The warm front has less plastic and more brick and wood, with modern hanging lights for a softer glow. many restaurants feature barren Wi-Fi and flat-screen TVs. early upgrade include double drive-thrus, flat roof rather of the angle red roof, and fiber glass rather of forest. rather of the companion gold arches, the restaurants feature “ semi-swooshes ” ( half of a aureate arch ), similar to the Nike swoosh. [ 112 ]

Smoking ban

McDonald ‘s began banning smoke in 1994 when it restricted customers from smoking within its 1,400 wholly owned restaurants. [ 113 ]

COVID-19 pandemic

A curbside pickup at a McDonald ‘s drive-thru during the COVID-19 pandemic As a solution of the COVID-19 pandemic, McDonald ‘s closed most seat and all play areas in its United States restaurants. [ 114 ] It transitioned to drive-thru and curbside orders at locations and online food ordering manner of speaking services. [ 115 ] The re-opening of McDonald ‘s restaurants for drive-thru in the United Kingdom generated significant queues of traffic throughout the state. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] [ 118 ] [ 119 ] [ 120 ] In July 2020, for the years ‘s second quarter, McDonald ‘s report earnings of 66 cents per share. Compared to the lapp period of final year, it represented a fall of 68 %. [ 121 ]

treatment of employees

automation

Since the late 1990s, McDonald ‘s has attempted to replace employees with electronic kiosks which would perform actions such as taking orders and accepting money. In 1999, McDonald ‘s foremost tested “ E-Clerks ” in suburban Chicago, Illinois, and Wyoming, Michigan, with the devices being able to “ save money on live staffers ” and attracting larger purchase amounts than modal employees. [ 122 ] In 2013, the University of Oxford estimated that in the succeed decades, there was a 92 % probability of food planning and serving to become automated in fast food establishments. [ 123 ] By 2016, McDonald ‘s “ Create Your Taste ” electronic kiosks were seen in some restaurants internationally where customers could custom regulate meals. As employees pushed for higher wages in the late-2010s, some believed that fast food companies such as McDonald ‘s would use the devices to cut costs for employing individuals. [ 124 ] In September 2019, McDonald ‘s purchased an AI-based start-up Apprente for replacing human servers with voice-based engineering in its US drive-throughs. [ 125 ]

Wages

On August 5, 2013, The Guardian revealed that 90 percentage of McDonald ‘s UK work force are on zero-hour contracts, making it possibly the largest such private sector employer in the nation. [ 126 ] In April 2017, due to employee strikes, they gave all employees the choice of fixed contracts rather. [ 127 ] A study released by Fast Food Forward conducted by Anzalone Liszt Grove Research showed that approximately 84 percentage of all fast food employees working in New York City in April 2013 had been paid less than their legal wages by their employers. [ 128 ] From 2007 to 2011, fast food workers in the U.S. drew an median of $ 7 billion of public aid per annum resulting from receiving low wages. [ 129 ] The McResource web site advised employees to break their food into smaller pieces to feel full, try refunds for unopened vacation purchases, sell possessions online for immediate cash, and to “ quit complaining ” as “ stress hormone levels advance by 15 percentage after ten minutes of complaining. ” [ 130 ] In December 2013, McDonald ‘s close down the McResource web site amidst negative publicity and criticism. McDonald ‘s plans to continue an internal telephone aid cable through which its employees can obtain advice on work and life problems. [ 131 ] liberal think tank the Roosevelt Institute accuses some McDonald ‘s restaurants of actually paying less than the minimal wage to entry positions ascribable to “ rampant ” engage larceny. [ 132 ] In South Korea, McDonald ‘s pays part-time employees $ 5.50 an hour and is accused of paying less with arbitrary schedules adjustments and wage delays. [ 133 ] In late 2015, Anonymous -aggregated data collected by Glassdoor suggests that McDonald ‘s in the United States pays entry-level employees between $ 7.25 an hour and $ 11 an hour, with an average of $ 8.69 an hour. stir managers get paid an average of $ 10.34 an hour. assistant managers get paid an median of $ 11.57 an hour. [ 134 ] McDonald ‘s CEO, Steve Easterbrook, earns an annual wage of $ 1,100,000. [ 135 ] His sum compensation for 2017 was $ 21,761,052. [ 136 ]

Strikes

McDonald ‘s workers have on occasions decided to strike over pay, with most of the employees on hit seeking to be paid $ 15.00. [ 137 ] When interviewed about the strikes occurring, former McDonald ‘s CEO Ed Rensi stated : “ It ‘s cheaper to buy a $ 35,000 robotic arm than it is to hire an employee who ‘s inefficient making $ 15 an hour bagging french fries ” with Rensi explaining that increasing employee wages could possibly take away from entry-level jobs. [ 138 ] however, according to Easterbrook, increasing wages and benefits for workers saw a 6 % increase in customer satisfaction when comparing 2015 ‘s first quarter data to the first quarter of 2016, with greater returns seen as a solution. [ 138 ] In September 2017, two british McDonald ‘s stores agreed to a fall upon over zero-hours contracts for staff. picket lines were formed around the two stores in Crayford and Cambridge. The hit was supported by the Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn. [ 139 ] [ 140 ]

occupation

Workers at the McDonald ‘s franchise at Saint-Barthélémy, Marseille, occupied the restaurant, in protest against its plan closure. Employing 77 people, the restaurant is the second-biggest private sector employer in Saint-Barthélémy, which has an unemployment rate of 30 percentage. [ 141 ] Lawyers for Kamel Guemari, a shop steward at the franchise, claimed an undertake was made to kill him when a car drive at him in the restaurant car park. [ 142 ] [ 143 ]

Working conditions

In March 2015, McDonald ‘s workers in 19 U.S. cities filed 28 health and condom complaints with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration which allege that low staff, miss of protective gear, poor train and pressure to work firm has resulted in injuries. The complaints allege that, because of a lack of first aid supplies, workers were told by management to treat burn injuries with condiments such as mayonnaise and mustard. [ 144 ] The Fight for $ 15 labor movement arrangement aided the workers in filing the complaints. [ 145 ]

Animal wellbeing standards

In 2015, McDonald ‘s pledged to stop using eggs from battery cage facilities by 2025. Since McDonald ‘s purchases over 2 billion eggs per class or 4 percentage of eggs produced in the United States, the switch is expected to have a major impingement on the egg industry and is region of a general course toward cage-free eggs driven by consumer business over the coarse living conditions of hens. [ 146 ] [ 147 ] The aviary systems from which the new eggs will be sourced are troubled by much higher mortality rates, a well as introducing environmental and proletarian condom problems. [ 148 ] The high hen deathrate pace, which is more than double that of battery cage systems, will require new research to mitigate. The facilities have higher ammonia water levels due to faeces being kicked up into the vent. Producers raised concerns about the production cost, which is expected to increase by 36 percentage. [ 149 ] McDonald ‘s continues to generator pork from facilities that use gestation crates, and in 2012 pledged to phase them out. [ 150 ]

market and advertising

McDonald ‘s has for decades maintained an extensive ad campaign. In addition to the usual media ( television, radio, and newspaper ), the party makes meaning use of billboards and signage, and besides sponsors sporting events ranging from Little League to the FIFA World Cup and Olympic Games. [ 151 ] Television has played a central character in the company ‘s advertising scheme. [ 152 ] To date, McDonald ‘s has used 23 different slogans in United States advertising, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as a few other slogans for choose countries and regions. [ 153 ]

Children ‘s ad

fame endorsements

In 1992, basketball player Michael Jordan became the first celebrity to have a McDonald ‘s value meal named after him. The “ McJordan ”, a Quarter Pounder with pickles, bleak onion slices, bacon and barbeque sauce, was available at Chicago franchises. [ 154 ] In March 2014, a special “ Sprite 6 Mix by LeBron James ” relish of Sprite featuring the flavors of lemon-lime, orange, and cherry, debuted precisely before the NBA playoffs. [ 155 ] James ’ sanction of Sprite has besides included the seasonal “ cranberry ” and “ winter-spiced cranberry ” editions of the beverage. James ’ cover with Coca Cola and Sprite ended in 2020, with a new partnership with Pepsi and Mountain Dew launching in 2021. [ 156 ] In September 2020, McDonald ‘s partnered with rapper Travis Scott to release the “ Travis Scott Meal ”, a Quarter Pounder with cheese, bacon, lettuce, pickles, catsup and mustard ; culture medium fries with barbeque sauce ; and a Sprite, countrywide. Scott designed modern uniforms for McDonald ‘s employees and released Cactus Jack trade using vintage visuals from the fast food chain ‘s history. [ 157 ] The company followed up with the “ J Balvin Meal ”, a Big Mac with no pickles ; fries with catsup ; and a Oreo McFlurry, in a partnership with reggaeton singer J Balvin. [ 158 ] LeBron James has been a spokesman for McDonald ‘s from 2003 to 2017 [ 159 ] while co-endorsing Coca Cola – Sprite since early in his career. [ 160 ] In 2021, McDonald ‘s partnered with Korean boy group BTS to release the “ BTS Meal “ in 50 countries around the world, starting on May 26 in choose countries. The meal consists of a 10-piece Chicken McNuggets, medium fries, medium Coke, and for the first meter in the United States, two hot dipping sauces : Sweet Chili and Cajun. [ 161 ]

Space exploration

McDonald ‘s and NASA explored an advertise agreement for a planned mission to the asteroid 449 Hamburga ; however, the spacecraft was finally cancelled. [ 162 ]

McDonald ‘s entered the NASCAR Cup Series in 1977, sponsoring Richard Childress for one race. Between the years 1977 and 1986, McDonald ‘s would entirely sponsor a handful of races in a temper. In 1993, McDonald ‘s became the full-time sponsor for the No. 27 Junior Johnson & Associates Ford, driven by Hut Stricklin. In 1994, Stricklin was replaced in the car by Jimmy Spencer, who would go on to win twice that season. The following season McDonald ‘s would move over to the No. 94 Bill Elliott Racing Ford, driven by team-owner Bill Elliott. [ 164 ] McDonald ‘s stayed with Elliott until the 2001 season when they moved again, this time to the No. 96 PPI Motorsports Ford, driven by cub Andy Houston. however, when the team failed to field a car for the stallion season, McDonald ‘s became absent from NASCAR until 2004, when it joined Evernham Motorsports as a half-time sponsor for drivers Elliott, Kasey Kahne, Elliott Sadler, A. J. Allmendinger, and Reed Sorenson until 2010. During the 2010 season, McDonald ‘s would enter its longest partnership with a team at Chip Ganassi Racing, sponsoring the No. 1 Chevrolet driven by Jamie McMurray until his concluding race in the 2019 Daytona 500. [ 165 ] [ 166 ] McDonald ‘s moved to CGR ‘s No. 42 of Kyle Larson, whom the company sponsored until his pause in 2020, [ 167 ] and besides had a one-race partnership with Richard Petty Motorsports ‘ No. 43 Chevrolet driven by Bubba Wallace in 2019 and 2020. [ 168 ] [ 169 ] McDonald ‘s continue working with the No. 42 under new driver Ross Chastain in 2021 and besides joined Wallace ‘s new team 23XI Racing as a “ initiation collaborator ”. [ 170 ] [ 171 ]

Sports awards and honors

McDonald ‘s is the title sponsor of the McDonald ‘s All-American Game, all-star basketball games played each year for top ranked amateur American and canadian boys ‘ and girls ‘ high educate basketball graduates .

charity

McHappy Day

McHappy Day is an annual consequence at McDonald ‘s, during which a share of the sidereal day ‘s sales go to jacob’s ladder. It is the signature fundraising event for Ronald McDonald House Charities. [ 172 ] In 2007, it was celebrated in 17 countries : Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, England, Finland, France, Guatemala, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, and Uruguay. According to the australian McHappy Day website, McHappy Day raised $ 20.4 million in 2009. The finish for 2010 was $ 20.8 million. [ 173 ]

McDonald ‘s Monopoly contribution

In 1995, St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital received an anonymous letter postmarked in Dallas, Texas, containing a $ 1 million winning McDonald ‘s Monopoly game nibble. McDonald ‘s officials came to the hospital, accompanied by a congressman from the accounting firm Arthur Andersen, who examined the card under a jeweler ‘s eyepiece, handled it with fictile gloves, and verified it as a winner. [ 174 ] Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes, McDonald ‘s waived the rule and made the annual $ 50,000 annuity payments for the full 20-year menstruation through 2014, evening after learning that the piece was sent by an individual involved in an embezzlement scheme intended to defraud McDonald ‘s .

McRefugee

McRefugees are hapless people in Hong Kong, Japan, and China who use McDonald ‘s 24-hour restaurants as a impermanent hostel. [ 175 ]

criticism

PETA activist dressed as a chicken confronts the manager of the Times Square McDonald’s over the company’s animal welfare standards. In the late 1980s, Phil Sokolof, a millionaire businessman who had suffered a heart fire at the age of 43, took out full-page newspaper ads in New York, Chicago, and other large cities accusing McDonald ‘s menu of being a terror to American health, and asking them to stop using gripe tallow to cook their french fries. [ 176 ] In 1990, activists from a little group known as London Greenpeace ( no connection to the international group Greenpeace ) distributed leaflets entitled What’s wrong with McDonald’s?, criticizing its environmental, health, and undertaking record. The pot wrote to the group demanding they desist and apologize, and, when two of the activists refused to back down, sued them for libel leading to the “ McLibel shell “, one of the longest cases in English civil law. A documentary movie of the McLibel Trial has been shown in several countries. [ 177 ] In 2001, Eric Schlosser ‘s book Fast Food Nation included criticism of the commercial enterprise practices of McDonald ‘s. Among the critiques were allegations that McDonald ‘s ( along with early companies within the fast food industry ) uses its political influence to increase its profits at the expense of people ‘s health and the social conditions of its workers. The reserve besides brought into question McDonald ‘s ad techniques in which it targets children. While the reserve did note early fast-food chains, it focused primarily on McDonald ‘s. [ 178 ] In 2002, vegetarian groups, largely Hindu and Buddhist, successfully sued McDonald ‘s for misrepresenting its french fries as vegetarian, when they contained beef broth. [ 179 ] In the like year, spanish band Ska-P released a song titled “ McDollar ” in their album ¡¡Que Corra La Voz‼ criticizing McDonald ‘s. Though the company objected, the term “ McJob ” was added to Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary in 2003. [ 180 ] The term was defined as “ a low-paying job that requires small skill and provides little opportunity for progress ”. [ 181 ] Merriam-Webster ‘s Unabridged Dictionary besides contains the word “ McMansion “, a critical, dyslogistic term used to describe an excessively large, ostentatious, sometimes ailing designed or constructed house, often found in a suburb or in fresh developments on traditionally rural land. McMansions are often built in multiples that are difficult to distinguish from one another, like assembly-line factory parts or fast-food hamburgers. [ 182 ] [ 183 ] Morgan Spurlock ‘s 2004 documentary film Super Size Me claimed that McDonald ‘s food was contributing to the increase of fleshiness in club and that the company was failing to provide nutritional information about its food for its customers. Six weeks after the film premiered, McDonald ‘s announced that it was eliminating the ace size option, and was creating the pornographic felicitous Meal. There was a documentary called Fat Head, which pointed out inconsistencies in Super Size Me. [ citation needed ]
In 2006, an unsanctioned McDonald’s Video Game by italian group Molleindustria was released on-line. It is parody of the clientele practices of the corporate giant, taking the guise of a baron style clientele simulation game. In the bet on, the player plays the function of a McDonald ‘s CEO, choosing whether or not to use controversial practices like genetically altered overawe run, plowing over rainforests, and corrupting public officials. McDonald ‘s issued a statement distancing itself from the plot. [ 184 ] In January 2014, McDonald ‘s was accused of having used a series of tax maneuvers to avoid taxes in France. french authorities have billed McDonald ‘s France in 2016 for 300 million euro for unpaid taxes on net income. [ 185 ] In April 2020, McDonald ‘s apologized after footage showing a notification that was being displayed inside one of its restaurants in China saying that “ black people are not allowed to enter. ” [ 186 ] In October 2020, the Azerbaijan branch of McDonald ‘s was criticized for Facebook and Instagram posts endorsing Azerbaijan ‘s military actions against Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh. [ 187 ] While McDonald ‘s restaurants exist in Armenia, as of January 2020, none of them were franchises of the global chain. [ 188 ] [ 189 ]

company responses to criticism

In response to public pressure, McDonald ‘s has sought to include more goodly choices in its menu and has introduced a new motto to its recruitment posters : “ not bad for a McJob “. [ 190 ] The word McJob, beginning attested in the mid-1980s [ 180 ] and belated popularized by canadian novelist Douglas Coupland in his reserve Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, has become a buzzword for low-paid, amateurish make with few prospects or benefits and little security. McDonald ‘s disputes this definition of McJob. In 2007, the ship’s company launched an advertising crusade with the motto “ Would you like a career with that ? ” on irish television, asserting that its jobs have full prospects. In an feat to respond to growing consumer awareness of food birthplace, the fast-food chain changed its supplier of both coffee bean beans and milk. united kingdom foreman executive Steve Easterbrook said : “ british consumers are increasingly interest in the quality, sourcing, and ethics of the food and swallow they buy ”. [ 191 ] In a bid to tap into the ethical consumer marketplace, [ 192 ] McDonald ‘s switched to using chocolate beans taken from stocks that are certified by the Rainforest Alliance, a conservation group. additionally, in answer to pressure, McDonald ‘s UK started using organic milk supplies for its bottle milk and hot drinks, although it still uses conventional milk in its milkshakes, and in all of its dairy products in the United States. [ 193 ] According to a reputation published by Farmers Weekly in 2007, the quantity of milk used by McDonald ‘s could have accounted for american samoa much as 5 percentage of the UK ‘s organic milk output. [ 194 ] McDonald ‘s announced in May 2008 that, in the United States and Canada, it has switched to using cooking oil that contains no trans fats for its french fries, and canola oil -based anoint with corn and soy sauce oils, for its baked items, pies and cookies, by end of 2018. [ 195 ] With respect to acquiring chickens from suppliers who use CAK/CAS methods of slaughter, McDonald ‘s says that it needs to see more research “ to help determine whether any CAS system in current use is optimum from an animal wellbeing perspective. ” [ 196 ]

environmental record

Since McDonald ‘s began receiving criticism for its environmental practices in the 1970s, it has significantly reduced its practice of materials. [ 197 ] For example, an “ average meal ” in the 1970s—a Big Mac, fries, and a drink—required 46 grams ( 1.6 oz ) of box ; today, it requires 25 grams ( 0.88 oz ), a 46 percentage reduction. [ 198 ] In addition, McDonald ‘s eliminated the motivation for average containers for colon by using a manner of speaking system that pumps syrup directly from the delivery truck into memory containers, saving two million pounds ( 910 tonnes ) of packaging annually. [ 199 ] Weight reductions in packaging and products, adenine well as increased use of bulge promotion, ultimately decreased box by twenty-four million pounds ( 11,000 tonnes ) annually. [ 200 ] McDonald ‘s efforts to reduce solid waste by using less promotion and by promoting the consumption of recycle materials were recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [ 201 ] In 1990, McDonald ‘s worked with the Environmental Defense Fund to stop using “ clam beat “ -shaped styrofoam food containers to store its food products. [ 202 ] In April 2008, McDonald ‘s announced that 11 of its restaurants in Sheffield, England, were engaged in a biomass test program that cut its consume and carbon footprint by half in the area. In this trial, consume from the restaurants was collected by Veolia Environmental Services and used to produce energy at a baron implant. McDonald ‘s announce plans to expand this project, although the miss of biomass power plants in the United States would prevent adoption of this plan as a national standard there anytime soon. [ 203 ] In addition, in Europe, McDonald ‘s has been recycling vegetable grease by converting it to fuel for its diesel trucks. [ 204 ] In an campaign to reduce department of energy use by 25 percentage in its restaurants, McDonald ‘s opened a prototype restaurant in Chicago in 2009, intending to use the model in its other restaurants throughout the world. build on past efforts, specifically a restaurant it opened in Sweden in 2000 that was the inaugural to incorporate green ideas, McDonald ‘s designed the Chicago site to save energy by managing storm water, using skylights for more natural ignition, and installing partitions and tabletops made from recycle goods, among early measures. [ 205 ] In 2012, McDonald ‘s announced they would trial replacing styrofoam coffee cup with an alternate material. [ 206 ] In 2018, McDonalds switched from plastic straws to composition ones in Ireland and the United Kingdom [ 207 ] and Australia [ 208 ] in an campaign to reduce plastic befoulment. Followed by the Netherlands in 2020, [ 209 ] and Germany in 2021. [ 210 ] Disabled activists criticized that the transfer away from plastic straw is ableist, as certain disabilities result in the loss of gross or fine centrifugal control, thus would prevent a customer from safely lifting, balancing or drinking from a cup. [ 211 ] In January 2021, McDonald ‘s Arcos Dorados, the largest independent McDonald ‘s franchise in the global which operates stores in Latin America and the Caribbean, introduced food trays manufactured by UBQ Materials that use a mix of food waste by-products to reduce the practice of virgin plastic. [ 212 ] McDonald ‘s uses a corn-based bioplastic to produce containers for some products. The environmental benefits of this engineering are controversial, with critics noting that biodegradation is slow and produces greenhouse gases, and that contaminant of traditional credit card waste streams with bioplastics can complicate recycling efforts. [ 213 ] Studies of litter have found that McDonald ‘s is one of the most litter brands worldwide. In 2012, a Keep Australia Beautiful learn found that McDonald ‘s was the most cluttered brand in Queensland. [ 214 ] [ 215 ] In 2009, Keep Britain Tidy besides found McDonald ‘s to be the leading producer of fast-food litter on british streets, accounting for 29 % of the total. [ 216 ] An early protest against this exercise was “ Operation Send-It-Back ”, launched by London Greenpeace in 1994 in reception to the company ‘s target of activists in the McLibel Trial. [ 217 ] Participants in Operation Send-It-Back returned 30 sacks of McDonald ‘s litter to the company. [ 217 ] In the 2010s, similar individual protests took place in New Zealand [ 218 ] and England. [ 219 ]

legal cases

McDonald ‘s has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases, most of which involved brand disputes. The company has threatened many food businesses with legal action unless it drops the Mc or Mac from trading names .

European Union

In April 2017, irish fast-food chain Supermac ‘s submitted a request to the European Union Property Office to cancel McDonald ‘s owned trademarks within the European Union, claiming that McDonald ‘s engaged in “ trademark blustery ; registering sword names … which are simply stored away in a war chest of drawers to use against future competitors ”, after the trademarks had prevented Supermac ‘s from expanding out of Ireland. The EUIPO ruled in Supermac ‘s favor, finding that McDonald ‘s “ has not proven genuine use ” of many trademarks, cancelling McDonald ‘s owned trademarks such as “ Big Mac ” and certain “ Mc ” -related trademarks within the European Union. [ 220 ] [ 221 ] [ 222 ] Burger King responded by trolling McDonald ‘s by giving their sandwiches names like “ Like a Big Mac But Juicier ”, “ Like a Big Mac, But actually Big ” and “ large Mac-ish But Flame-Grilled of Course ”. [ 223 ]

malaysia

On September 8, 2009, McDonald ‘s malaysian operations lost a lawsuit to prevent another restaurant calling itself McCurry. McDonald ‘s lost in an appeal to Malaysia ‘s highest court, the Federal Court. [ 224 ] On December 29, 2016, McDonald ‘s Malaysia issued a statement that said only attest halal cakes are allowed inside its restaurants countrywide. [ 225 ]

Australia

In April 2007, in Perth, Western Australia, McDonald ‘s pleaded guilty to five charges relating to the employment of children under 15 in one of its outlets and was fined A $ 8,000. [ 226 ]

United Kingdom

The longest-running legal action of all time in the UK was the McLibel case against two defendants who criticized a number of aspects of the caller. The trial lasted 10 years and called 130 witnesses. The european Court of Human Rights deemed that the unequal resources of the litigants breached the defendants rights to freedom of speech and biased the test. The leave was widely seen as a “ PR disaster ” for McDonald ‘s. [ 227 ]

United States

The 1994 court shell Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants examined a McDonald ‘s practice of serving chocolate thus blistering that when spilled, it caused third base degree burns requiring weeks of hospitalization and skin graft operation. [ 228 ] [ 229 ] The trial result was an award of $ 2.86 million ( equivalent to $ 4.56 million in 2019 ) [ 230 ] for the plaintiff, 81-year old Stella Liebeck. [ 228 ] [ 229 ] The sum was late reduced to $ 640,000 ( equivalent to $ 1 million in 2019 ). In 2019, a McDonald ‘s employee, Jenna Ries, sued the restaurant chain over allowing sexual harassment in the study place and described the working environment as “ toxic ”. [ 231 ]

See besides

References

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