1. ↑ Hough, Jerry F. “ The ‘ Dark Forces, ” the totalitarian Model, and soviet History. ” The Russian Review, vol. 46, no. 4, 1987, pp. 397–403
  2. ↑ Bergman, Jay. “ Was the Soviet Union Totalitarian ? The view of soviet Dissidents and the Reformers of the Gorbachev era. ” Studies in East European Thought, vol. 50, no. 4, 1998, pp. 247–281 .
  3. ↑ Almanaque Mundial 1996, Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pages 548–552 ( Demografía/Biometría table ) .
  4. ↑ The term “ successor state of the Soviet Union ” for the russian Federation was laid down in paragraph 3 of article 1 and paragraph 7 of article 37 of the Federal law “ On international treaties of the russian Federation ” of 15 July 1995 No. 101-FZ ( adopted by the State Duma on 16 June 1995 ). — See Federal law of July 15, 1995 № 101-FZ On international treaties of the russian Federation

    Reading:

  5. ↑ [ The casing of Mikhail Suprun : the report of political repression as an invasion of privacy hypertext transfer protocol : //echo.msk.ru/programs/kulshok/822592-echo/ # element-text
  6. ↑ Adam B. Ulam, Expansion and coexistence: the history of Soviet foreign policy, 1917–73 ( 1974 )
  7. ↑ Duncan Hallas, The Comintern: The History of the Third International ( 1985 ) .
  8. ↑ Michael C. Kaser, Comecon: Integration problems of the planned economies ( Oxford University Press, 1967 ) .
  9. ↑ Laurien Crump, The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered: International Relations in Eastern Europe, 1955–1969 ( Routledge, 2015 ) .
  10. ↑ Michał Jerzy Zacharias, “ The Beginnings of the Cominform : The policy of the Soviet Union towards European Communist Parties in Connection with the Political Initiatives of the United States of America in 1947. ” Acta Poloniae Historica 78 ( 1998 ) : 161-200 .
  11. ↑ Nikos Marantzidis, “ The Greek Civil War ( 1944–1949 ) and the International Communist System. ” Journal of Cold War Studies 15.4 ( 2013 ) : 25-54 .
  12. ↑ Heinz Timmermann, “ The cominform effects on soviet foreign policy. ” Studies in Comparative Communism 18.1 ( 1985 ) : 3-23 .
  13. ↑Military Affairs: The Journal of Military History (1976) : 109-117. Gordon H. Mueller, “ Rapallo Reexamined : a new search at Germany ‘s clandestine military collaboration with Russia in 1922. “ ( 1976 ) : 109-117. on-line
  14. ↑ Christine A. White, British and American Commercial Relations with Soviet Russia, 1918–1924 ( UNC Press Books, 2017 ) .
  15. ↑Social Science Quarterly (1971) : 349-368. Joan Hoff Wilson, “ American Business and the Recognition of the Soviet Union. “ ( 1971 ) : 349-368. on-line
  16. ↑ Chris Ward, Stalin’s Russia ( 2nd erectile dysfunction. 1999 ) pp 148-88 .
  17. ↑ Barbara Jelavich, St.Petersburg and Moscow: Czarist and Soviet Foreign Policy, 1814–1974 ( 1974 ) pp 342-46 .
  18. 28.0 28.1 Sakwa, Richard. Soviet Politics in Perspective. 2nd erectile dysfunction. London – N.Y. : Routledge, 1998 .
  19. ↑Aust, Anthony (2005). Handbook of International Law. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53034-7.
  20. ↑Ziemele, Ineta (2005). State Continuity and Nationality: The Baltic States and Russia. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-04-14295-9.
  21. 52.0 52.1 Hanson, Philip. The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Economy: An Economic History of the USSR from 1945. London : Longman, 2003 .
  22. ↑Bergson, Abram (1997). “How Big was the Soviet GDP?”. Comparative Economic Studies. 39 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1057/ces.1997.1.
  23. ↑Harrison, Mark (1993). “Soviet Economic Growth Since 1928: The Alternative Statistics of G. I. Khanin”. Europe–Asia Studies. 45 (1): 141–167. doi:10.1080/09668139308412080.
  24. ↑Rosefielde, Steven (1996). “Stalinism in Post-Communist Perspective: New Evidence on Killings, Forced Labour and Economic Growth in the 1930s”. Europe-Asia Studies. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 48 (6): 956–987. JSTOR 152635. The new evidence shows that administrative command planning and Stalin’s forced industrialization strategies failed in the 1930s and beyond. The economic miracle chronicled in official hagiographies and until recently faithfully recounted in Western textbooks has no basis in fact. It is the statistical artefact not of index number relativity (the Gerschenkron effect) but of misapplying to the calculation of growth cost prices that do not accurately measure competitive value. The standard of living declined during the 1930s in response to Stalin’s despotism, and after a brief improvement following his death, lapsed into stagnation. Glasnost and post-communist revelations interpreted as a whole thus provide no basis for Getty, Rittersporn & Zemskov’s relatively favourable characterization of the methods, economic achievements and human costs of Stalinism. The evidence demonstrates that the suppression of markets and the oppression of vast segments of the population were economically counterproductive and humanly calamitous, just as anyone conversant with classical economic theory should have expected.
  25. ↑Wilson, David (1983). The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. Rowman and Littfield. pp. 105 to 108. ISBN 9780709927044.
  26. ↑ MacFarland, Margo ( 3 May 1990 ). “ global Tech Strategies Brought to U.S ”. Washington Technology.

  27. ↑ Deckert, R.A. ( 10 October 1990 ). “ The skill of uncovering industrial information ”. Business Journal of the Treasure Coast.

  28. ↑ “ U.S. Firms Must Trade Short-Term Gains for Long-Term Technology Planning ”. Inside the Pentagon. 7 March 1991.

  29. ↑ Ambler, Shaw and Symons 1985, p. 166–67 .
  30. ↑ Ambler, Shaw and Symons 1985, p. 168 .
  31. ↑ Ambler, Shaw and Symons 1985, p. 165 .
  32. ↑ Ambler, Shaw and Symons 1985, p. 169 .
  33. ↑ อ้างอิงผิดพลาด : ป้ายระบุ ไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่มีการกำหนดข้อความสำหรับอ้างอิงชื่อ Geoffrey A. Hosking 2006 242
  34. ↑ Anderson, Barbara A. ( 1990 ). Growth and Diversity of the Population of the Soviet Union. 510. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. pp. 155–77.

  35. ↑ Vallin, J. ; Chesnais, J.C. ( 1970 ). Recent Developments of Mortality in Europe, English-Speaking Countries and the Soviet Union, 1960–1970. 29. Population Studies. pp. 861–898.

  36. ↑Ryan, Michael (28 May 1988). Life Expectancy and Mortality Data from the Soviet Union. British Medical Journal. 296. p. 1,513–1515.
  37. ↑Davis, Christopher; Feshbach, Murray. Rising Infant Mortality in the USSR in the 1970s. Washington, D.C.: United States Census Bureau. p. 95.
  38. ↑ Krimins, Juris ( 3–7 December 1990 ). The Changing Mortality Patterns in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia: Experience of the Past Three Decades.

    Paper presented at the International Conference on Health, Morbidity and Mortality by Cause of Death in Europe .

  39. ↑ Dinkel, R.H. ( 1990 ). The Seeming Paradox of Increasing Mortality in a Highly Industrialized Nation: the Example of the Soviet Union. pp. 155–77.

  40. ↑ ‘On the other pass … ‘ See the index of Stalin and His Hangmen by Donald Rayfield, 2004, Random House

    Read more: S.S. Lazio

  41. ↑” “Gorbachev, Mikhail “”. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 October 2007. Under his new policy of glasnost (“openness”), a major cultural thaw took place: freedoms of expression and of information were significantly expanded; the press and broadcasting were allowed unprecedented candour in their reportage and criticism; and the country’s legacy of Stalinist totalitarian rule was eventually completely repudiated by the government.ลิงก์เสีย]