1. ↑BBC – Religions Archived 28 กรกฎาคม 2012 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน Retrieved 25 July 2012
  2. ↑ Fasting ( Al Siyam ) –

    الصيام

    – p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998

  3. ↑ Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – p. 24
  4. ↑ Dubai – p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010

    Reading:

  5. 15.0 15.1 See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara “ The fast of Ramadan is not meant to punish ” hypertext transfer protocol : //ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/jebara-the-fasting-of-ramadan-is-not-meant-to-punish Archived 7 พฤษภาคม 2019 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
  6. ↑ Ibn Abu Hatim, Abdul Rahman. Tafsir Ibn Abu Hatim ( ภาษาอาหรับ ). p. Vol. 1, Pg. 310, Nu. 1648. لَا تَقُولُوا۟ « رَمَضَانُ » ، فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ « شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ »

  7. ↑ Ibn al-Saqri, Abu Tahir. Mashyakhah ( ภาษาอาหรับ ). p. Vol. 1, Pg. 126, Nu. 52. عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّٰهِ مَا مَعْنَىٰ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : يَا حُمَيْرَاءُ لَا تَقُولِي « رَمَضَانُ » فَإِنَّهُ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ وَلَٰكِنْ قُولِي « شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ » يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ أَرْمَضَ فِيهِ ذُنُوبَ عِبَادِهِ فَغَفَرَهَا

  8. ↑Al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya’qub. Al-Kafi (ภาษาอาหรับ). p. Book 14 (the Book of Fasting), Ch. 4. قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ): لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «هَٰذَا رَمَضَانُ» وَلَا «ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ» وَلَا «جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَا يَجِيءُ وَلَا يَذْهَبُ وَإِنَّمَا يَجِيءُ وَيَذْهَبُ الزَّائِلُ وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» فَإِنَّ الشَّهْرَ مُضَافٌ إِلَىٰ الْاسْمِ وَالاسْمُ اسْمُ اللَّٰهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
  9. ↑ Al-Nouri Al-Tabarsi, Husayn. Mustadrak al-Wasa’il ( ภาษาอาหรับ ). p. Vol. 7, Ch. 12, Hadith 1, Nu. 8609.

  10. ↑ Al-Shajari, Yahya bin Hussein. Al-Amali Al-Khamisiyah ( ภาษาอาหรับ ). p. Vol. 1, Pg. 380, Nu. 1355. أَنَّ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : لَا تَقُولُوا۟ « رَمَضَانُ » فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ فَمَنْ قَالَهُ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ وَلْيَصُمْ كَفَّارَةً لِقَوْلِهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّٰهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : « شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ »

  11. ↑Ad-Dausaree, Mahmood Bin Ahmad Bin Saaleh (2006). The Magnificence of Quran. Darussalam Publishers.
  12. ↑Sayyid Ali Asghar Razwy. A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims. The Second Year of the Hijra. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project.
  13. ↑ Quran Chapter 2, Revelation 183
  14. ↑ Jenkins, Philip ( 2006 ). The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South. p. 182. Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition .
  15. ↑Chandler, Paul-Gordon (2008). Pilgrims of Christ on the Muslim Road: Exploring a New Path Between Two Faiths (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Cowley Publications. p. 88. ISBN 978-0742566033.
  16. ↑ Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami, “ The History of The Quranic textbook : From Revelation to Compilation : A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments ”, 2nd version ( 2008 ), Azami Publishing House
  17. ↑Indrayani, Suharti (2018). “How do Muslims consume dates?” ( PDF )

    Read more: Swansea City A.F.C.

    . Pakistani Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 12: 1732–1743.

  18. ↑Goldstein, Darra (April 2015). The Oxford companion to sugar and sweets. Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-931361-7. OCLC 905969818.
  19. ↑Underst, Huda Huda is the author of “The Everything; Complete, ing Islam Book: A.; Beliefs, Easy to Read Guide to Muslim; Practices; Traditions; Culture.”. “How Do Muslims Celebrate Ramadan?”. Learn Religions (ภาษาอังกฤษ) .
  20. ↑ Leo Paul Dana. When Economies Change Paths: Models of Transition in China, the Central Asian Republics, Myanmar & the Nations of Former Indochine Française. p. 162.

  21. ↑ James Minahan. The Former Soviet Union’s Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook. p. 133.

  22. ↑ Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish. p. 165.

  23. ↑El-Bahay El-Kholi. Al Siyam, “Fasting”. The Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs, Arab Republic of Egypt. p. 36.
  24. ↑ Shariatpanahi, Z. Vahdat, et alabama. “ Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults. ” british Journal of Nutrition 100.1 ( 2008 ) : 147-151 .
  25. ↑ Nematy, Mohsen, et aluminum. “ Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors : a prospective experimental study. ” Nutrition journal 11.1 ( 2012 ) : 69 .
  26. ↑BAHAMMAM, Ahmed (2004). “Effect of fasting during Ramadan on sleep architecture, daytime sleepiness and sleep pattern”. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2 (2): 135–143. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2004.00135.x. ISSN 1446-9235.
  27. ↑ Islamic Studies Maldives
  28. ↑Balani, Jyoti; Hyer, Stephen; Wagner, Marion; Shehata, Hassan (2013). “Obesity, Polycystic Ovaries and Impaired Reproductive Outcome”. Obesity. pp. 289–298. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416045-3.00022-4. ISBN 978-0-12-416045-3.
  29. ↑Mirghani, HM; Hamud, OA (January 2006). “The effect of maternal diet restriction on pregnancy outcome”. American Journal of Perinatology. 23 (1): 21–24. doi:10.1055/s-2005-923435. PMID 16450268.
  30. ↑Faris, Mo’ez Al-Islam E.; Al-Holy, Murad A. (1 April 2014). “Implications of Ramadan intermittent fasting on maternal and fetal health and nutritional status: A review”. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 7 (2): 107–118. doi:10.3233/MNM-140011.

    Read more: Swansea City A.F.C.

  31. ↑https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28597/1/dp0926.pdf%7Ctitle=Long-Term Health Effects on the Next Generation of Ramadan Fasting During Pregnancy
  32. ↑Azizi F (2010). “Islamic fasting and health”. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 56 (4): 273–282. doi:10.1159/000295848. PMID 20424438.
  33. ↑Msaad, Sameh; Kotti, Nada (2016). “Influence of Ramadan Observance on Sleep Pattern and Wakefulness at Work among Medical Trainer in Tunisia”. Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy. 05 (2). doi:10.4172/2167-0277.1000243.
  34. ↑ A Guideline of Performing Ibadah at the International Space Station (ISS)