football club
Associazione Sportiva Roma ( BIT : ASR, LSE : 0MT1 ; Rome Sport Association ), normally referred to as Roma ( italian pronunciation : [ ˈroːma ] ), is an italian professional football golf club based in Rome. Founded by a amalgamation in 1927, Roma have participated in the top-tier of italian football for all of their universe except for the 1951–52 temper. Roma have won Serie A three times, in 1941–42, 1982–83 and 2000–01, a well as nine Coppa Italia titles and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. In european competitions, Roma has won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960–61 and were runners-up in the 1983–84 european Cup and the 1990–91 UEFA Cup.
Reading: A.S. Roma – Wikipedia
fifteen players have won the FIFA World Cup while playing at Roma : Ferraris, Guaita and Masetti ( 1934 ) ; Donati, Monzeglio and Serantoni ( 1938 ) ; Bruno Conti ( 1982 ) ; Rudi Voller and Berthold ( 1990 ) ; Aldair ( 1994 ) ; Candela ( 1998 ) ; Cafu ( 2002 ) ; Daniele De Rossi, Simone Perrotta and Francesco Totti ( 2006 ). Since 1953, Roma have played their dwelling matches at the Stadio Olimpico, a venue they share with city rivals Lazio. With a capacitance of over 72,000, it is the second-largest of its kind in Italy, with alone the San Siro able to seat more. The cabaret plan to move to a new stadium, though it is however to start construction. Having a potent local anesthetic competition, Roma and Lazio contest Derby della Capitale. The golf club ‘s home colours are cardinal red and golden yellow, which gives Roma their nickname “ I Giallorossi “ ( “ The Yellow and Reds ” ). These colours have much been combined with white shorts. Their club badge features a she-wolf, an allusion to the founding myth of Rome .
history
A.S. Roma was founded in the spring of 1927 when Italo Foschi [ 2 ] initiated the amalgamation of three older italian Football Championship clubs from the city of Rome : Roman FC, SS Alba-Audace and Fortitudo-Pro Roma SGS. [ 2 ] Italo Foschi was an significant Roman example of the ruling National Fascist Party. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The determination of the fusion was to give the italian capital a strong baseball club to rival that of the more dominant Northern Italian club of the time. [ 2 ] The lone major Roman clubhouse to resist the amalgamation was Lazio because of the treatment of the army General Vaccaro, a penis of the club and executive of italian Football Federation. All three founding clubs were relegated, but the fascist-aligned FIGC count over the capacity of the new team to give a stronger representation to the capital of Italy, and they were awarded a wild card for the Divisione Nazionale, the Serie A precursor. The cabaret played its earliest seasons at the Motovelodromo Appio stadium, [ 5 ] before settling in the wage-earning streets of Testaccio, where it built an all-wooden grind Campo Testaccio ; this was opened in November 1929. [ 6 ] An early temper in which Roma made a big mark was the 1930–31 championship, where the club finished as runner-up behind Juventus. [ 7 ] Captain Attilio Ferraris, along with Guido Masetti, Fulvio Bernardini and Rodolfo Volk, were highly important players during this period. [ 8 ]
first gear entitle victory and refuse
The Roma of the first scudetto in 1942 After a slump in league class and the passing of high key players, Roma finally rebuilt their squad adding goalscorers such as the Argentine Enrique Guaita. [ 9 ] Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman golf club came conclude to their first title in 1935–36, finishing just one point behind champions Bologna. [ 10 ] Roma returned to form after being discrepant for much of the deep 1930s. Roma recorded an unexpected deed gloat in the 1941–42 season by winning their inaugural Scudetto title. [ 11 ] The 18 goals scored by local musician Amedeo Amadei were essential to the Alfréd Schaffer -coached Roma side winning the title. At the prison term, Italy was involved in World War II and Roma were playing at the Stadio del Partito Nazionale Fascista. [ 12 ] In the years barely after the war, Roma were unable to recapture their league stature from the early 1940s. Roma finished in the lower one-half of Serie A for five seasons in a row, before finally succumbing to their only ever relegation to Serie B at the end of the 1950–51 season, [ 7 ] [ 13 ] around a ten after their championship victory. Under future Italy national team coach Giuseppe Viani, forwarding straight back up was achieved. [ 14 ] After returning to the Serie A, Roma managed to stabilise themselves as a top-half baseball club again with players such as Egisto Pandolfini, Dino Da Costa and Dane Helge Bronée. [ 7 ] Their best finish of this period was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver, when in 1954–55, they finished as runner-up after Udinese, who in the first place finished second were relegated for corruption. [ 7 ] Although Roma were unable to break into the lead four during the follow decade, they did achieve some standard of cup achiever. Their first base honor outside of Italy was recorded in 1960–61 when Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup by defeating Birmingham City 4–2 in the finals. [ 15 ] A few years late, Roma won their first Coppa Italia trophy in 1963–64 after defeating Torino 1–0. [ 16 ] Their lowest point came during the 1964–65 temper, when director Juan Carlos Lorenzo announced the club could not pay its players and was unlikely to be able to afford to travel to Vicenza to fulfil its adjacent regular. Supporters kept the club going with a fundraiser at the Sistine Theatre and bankruptcy was avoided with the election of a new club president Franco Evangelisti. Their second Coppa Italia trophy was won in 1968–69, when it competed in a little, league-like organization. [ 16 ] Giacomo Losi set a Roma appearance record in 1969 with 450 appearances in all competitions, a record that would final 38 years. [ 17 ]
time of mix fortunes
Roma were able to add another cup to their collection in 1972, with a 3–1 victory over Blackpool in the Anglo-Italian Cup. [ 18 ] During much of the 1970s, Roma ‘s appearance in the top half of Serie A was sporadic. The best place the club were able to achieve during the ten was third in 1974–75. [ 7 ] luminary players who turned out for the golf club during this period included midfielders Giancarlo De Sisti and Francesco Rocca. The dawn of a newly successful earned run average in Roma ‘s footballing history was brought in with another Coppa Italia victory, they defeated Torino on penalties to win the 1979–80 version. [ 16 ] Roma would reach heights in the league which they had not touched since the 1940s by narrowly and controversially finish as runner-up to Juventus in 1980–81. [ 19 ] Former Milan player Nils Liedholm was the coach at the time, with players such as Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Roberto Pruzzo and Falcão. [ 20 ]
Scudetto in 1983 The Roma of the secondin 1983 The moment Scudetto did not elude Roma for much longer. In 1982–83, the Roman club won the entitle for the beginning time in 41 years, amidst celebrations in the capital. [ 21 ] The follow season, Roma finished as runner-up in Italy [ 7 ] and collected a Coppa Italia title, [ 16 ] they besides finished as runner-up in the european Cup final of 1984. [ 22 ] The european Cup final examination with Liverpool ended in a 1–1 attract with a finish from Pruzzo, but Roma finally lost in the penalty shoot-out. [ 22 ] Roma ‘s successful run in the 1980s would finish with a runner-up blot in 1985–86 [ 7 ] and a Coppa Italia victory, beating out Sampdoria 3–2. [ 16 ] After, a relative refuse began in the league, one of the few league highs from the adopt period being a third-place finish in 1987–88. [ 7 ] At the depart of the 1990s, the club was involved in an all-Italian UEFA Cup concluding, where they lost 2–1 to Internazionale in 1991. [ 23 ] The same temper, the golf club won its seventh Coppa Italia [ 16 ] and ended runner-up to Sampdoria in the Supercoppa Italiana. aside from finishing runner-up to Torino in a Coppa Italia concluding, [ 16 ] the rest of the decade was largely sub-par in the history of Roma, particularly in the league, where the highest they could manage was fourth in 1997–98. [ 7 ] The early 1990s besides saw the emergence of homegrown striker Francesco Totti, who would go on to be an important member of the team and the cabaret ‘s iconic captain .
In the new millennium
2000–2010
17 June 2001 – Roma-Parma 3–1 : Roma won their third italian backing in its history. Fans of the Curva Sud are overjoyed Roma returned to form in the 2000s, beginning the ten in great style by winning their third base Serie A title in 2000–01. The Scudetto was won on the last day of the temper after defeating Parma 3–1, edging Juventus by two points. [ 7 ] The clubhouse ‘s captain, Francesco Totti, was a large reason for the title victory and he would become one of the main heroes in the club ‘s history, [ 20 ] going on to break several club records. [ 20 ] early crucial players during this period included Aldair, Cafu, Gabriel Batistuta and Vincenzo Montella. [ 24 ] The club attempted to defend the title in the follow season but ended as runner-up to Juventus by one point. [ 7 ] This would be the begin of Roma finishing as runner-up several times in both Serie A and Coppa Italia during the 2000s – they lost out 4–2 to Milan in the Coppa Italia concluding of 2003 [ 16 ] and lost to Milan again by finishing second in Serie A for the 2003–04 season. [ 7 ] The club besides re-capitalized several time in 2003–04 season. In November 2003, €37.5 million was injected by “ Roma 2000 ” to cover the half-year loss and loss carried from previous year. [ 25 ] and again on 30 June for €44.57 million. [ 26 ] Through stock grocery store, a far €19.850 million of new shares issued, and at the year end, the share capital was €19.878 million, [ 27 ] which was unchanged as of 2011. The following season besides saw the departure of Walter Samuel for €25 million and Emerson for €28 million, which decreased the persuasiveness of the team. The Giallorossi consequently finished in one-eighth position, one of the worst of late seasons .
On 9 July 2006, Roma ‘s Francesco Totti, Daniele De Rossi and Simone Perrotta were part of the Italy national team which defeated France in the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final. [ 28 ] A Serie A scandal was revealed during 2006 ; Roma were not one of the teams involved. After punishments were issued, Roma was re-classified as runner-up for 2005–06, [ 29 ] the like season they finished second in the Coppa Italia losing to Internazionale. [ 16 ] In the two following seasons, 2006–07 and 2007–08, Roma finished as Serie A runner-up, meaning that in the 2000s, Roma have finished in the top two positions more than any other decade in their history. [ 30 ] interim, in the UEFA Champions League during both of these seasons, they reached the quarter-finals before going out to Manchester United. Despite the baggy beginning in the 2008–09 Champions League, Roma managed to reach the knockout stage ahead of Chelsea in their group, frankincense finishing for the first clock time in their history as winners of the group stage. however, the Giallorossi, would lose to Arsenal in the smasher stage on penalty kicks, ending their Champions League political campaign. After a disappointing start to the 2009–10 temper, Claudio Ranieri replaced Luciano Spalletti as head bus. At the clock time of the switch, Roma lay bottom of the Serie A table after losses to Juventus and Genoa. Despite this reverse, Roma would late embark on an incredible unbeaten mottle of 24 matches in the league – with the last of the 24 being a 2–1 gain over rivals Lazio, whereby Roma came from 1–0 down at half-time to defeat their city rivals after Ranieri bravely substituted both Totti and De Rossi at the interval. [ 31 ] The Giallorossi were on top of the postpone at one period, before a loss to Sampdoria by and by in the season. Roma would finish runner-up to Internazionale so far again in both Serie A and the Coppa Italia. This rounded out a highly successful ten in Roma ‘s history, following slightly mediocre results of the 1990s. During the 2000s, Roma had last recaptured the Scudetto, two Coppa Italia trophies, and their beginning two Supercoppa Italiana titles. other luminary contributions to the club ‘s history have included a refund to the Champions League quarter-finals ( in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 editions ) since 1984, six runners up positions in the league, four Coppa Italia finals and three Supercoppa finals – marking Roma ‘s greatest always ten .
The “ AS Roma SPV LLC ” era
In the summer of 2010, the Sensi family agreed to relinquish their manipulate of Roma as partially of a debt-settlement agreement. This brought an end to the presidential predominate of the Sensi family, who had presided over the club since 1993. Until a new owner was appointed, Rosella Sensi would continue her directorial character of the club. The 2010–11 temper had once again seen Roma start off with shuffle fortunes on both a domestic and european horizontal surface. These include losses against Cagliari, Brescia and a 2–0 get the better of against Bayern Munich in the group stages of the Champions League, a match which saw director Claudio Ranieri openly criticized by his players. however, these were accompanied by victories against Inter and a sensational victory against Bayern Munich in the render fixture, which saw Roma fight back from 0–2 down at half-time to emerge as 3–2 winners. Following a series of poor people results that saw Roma lease in a winless-streak of five consecutive matches, Ranieri resigned as head coach in February 2011, and early hitter Vincenzo Montella was appointed as caretaker director until the end of the season. It was besides during this season that Roma picture Francesco Totti scored his two-hundredth Serie A goal against Fiorentina in March 2011, becoming merely the sixth player to achieve such a feat .
On 16 April 2011, the coup d’etat contract was closed with an american investment group led by Thomas R. DiBenedetto, with James Pallotta, Michael Ruane and Richard D’Amore as partners. DiBenedetto became the 22nd president of the cabaret, serving from 27 September 2011 to 27 August 2012 and was succeeded by Pallotta. [ 32 ] The new intercede holding company, NEEP Roma Holding, was 60 % owned by American ‘s “ AS Roma SPV, LLC ” and the pillow ( 40 % ) was retained by the creditor of Sensi, UniCredit. In turn, NEEP owned all shares held previously by Sensi ( about 67 % ) with the rest release float in the lineage market. UniCredit late disinvested NEEP Roma Holding to sell to “ AS Roma SPV, LLC ” and Pallotta. The newfangled possession immediately went into effect by making significant changes in the club, hiring Walter Sabatini as director of football and former Spanish international and Barcelona B coach Luis Enrique as director. The first high-profile musician signings from the duet were attacking midfielder Erik Lamela from River Plate, forward Bojan from Barcelona, goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg from Ajax and unattached defender Gabriel Heinze. The club besides sold and released defender John Arne Riise, goalkeeper Doni and forwards Jérémy Ménez and Mirko Vučinić. At the fiscal level, the company had recapitalised for more than €100 million, the last recapitalisation occurring in the early 2000s. Roma, however, was eliminated from 2011–12 UEFA Europa League play-off round. After the formal coup d’etat on 18 August, Roma bought advancing Dani Osvaldo, midfielders Miralem Pjanić and Fernando Gago and defender Simon Kjær, american samoa well as child Fabio Borini, which cost the club more than €40 million. In 2012, Pallotta became the new president. The 2012–13 pre-season started with the June rent of former coach Zdeněk Zeman. Zeman replaced Luis Enrique who resigned at the end of the 2011–12 season. Luis Enrique ‘s lone season reign had seen the disappoint loss to Slovan Bratislava in the UEFA Europa League, ampere good as the inability to qualify for external competitions for the 2012–13 season. Roma finally finished seventh, losing the Europa League chase to rivals Lazio, Napoli and Internazionale. Zeman brought back his high-scoring 4–3–3 geological formation and his hard work ethic which successfully guided former team Pescara to the Serie A. however, he was sacked on 2 February 2013. He was replaced by caretaker director Aurelio Andreazzoli, whose reign saw the sequel of a disappoint season, with the team ending up in sixth place in Serie A, while besides losing 1–0 to rivals Lazio in the Coppa Italia final examination. As a result, Roma missed out on european contest for the second-straight temper .
Spalletti with Roma in 2009 On 12 June 2013, Pallotta announced that Rudi Garcia had been appointed the modern director of Roma. [ 33 ] He enjoyed a fantastic start to his Roma career, winning his beginning ten-spot matches ( an all-time Serie A commemorate ) including a 2–0 bowler hat gain against Lazio, a 0–3 victory away to Internazionale and a 2–0 home win over style rivals Napoli. [ 34 ] During this run, Roma scored 24 times while conceding barely once, away to Parma. The 2013–14 season saw one of Roma ‘s best in Serie A, the club tallying an impressive 85 points and finishing second to Juventus, who won the league with a record-breaking 102 points. Roma ‘s refutation was significantly better than in previous seasons, with only 25 goals conceded and a total of 21 clean sheets, including nine in their first ten matches. In 2014–15, Roma finished second behind Juventus for the second consecutive season after a poor carry of shape in 2015. At the end of season, the cabaret was sanctioned for personnel casualty make and breaking UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations. On 12 August 2015, and after months of guess during the 2015 summer transfer market, Roma acquired Bosnia international, Edin Džeko, from Manchester City on a €4 million lend with an €11 million choice to buy clause, [ 35 ] [ 36 ] which is activated on 1 October 2015, making a star hitter permanent wave addition to the baseball club. [ 37 ] Džeko made his Serie A debut ten days later, playing the entirety of a 1–1 draw at Hellas Verona, [ 38 ] and scored his first goal for the club in his second appearance on 30 August, the winning goal in the 79th moment to defeat reigning champions Juventus 2–1 at the Stadio Olimpico. [ 39 ] On 13 January 2016, Garcia was sacked after a campaign of one winnings in seven Serie A matches. [ 40 ] Luciano Spalletti was subsequently appointed coach of Roma for his second spell. [ 41 ] On 21 February, Totti publicly criticised Spalletti due to his own miss of playing-time since returning from injury. consequently, Totti was subsequently dropped by Spalletti for Roma ‘s 5–0 succeed over Palermo, with the decisiveness causing an tumult among the fans and in the media. [ 42 ] After their initial disagreements, Spalletti began to use Totti as an immediate impact substitute, which proved to be an effective decision, as the Roma number 10 rediscovered his mannequin and contributed with four goals and one assist after coming off the bench in five straight Serie A matches. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] As a resultant role, Spalletti was able to lead Roma from a mid-table point to a third-place eat up in Serie A, clinching the UEFA Champions League play-off spot. [ 45 ] During the summer of 2016, Roma lost leading midfielder Miralem Pjanić to rivals Juventus to improve its fiscal position. [ 46 ] On 27 April 2017, Roma appointed Sevilla FC ‘s Sporting director Monchi as their newfangled sporting conductor. [ 47 ] On 28 May 2017, on the last day of the 2016–17 season, Francesco Totti made his 786th and concluding appearance for Roma before retiring in a 3–2 home win against Genoa, coming on as a substitute for Mohamed Salah in the 54th minute and received a standing ovation from the fans. [ 48 ] The succeed saw Roma finish moment in Serie A behind Juventus. Following Totti ‘s retirement, Daniele De Rossi became club captain and signed a new biennial sign. [ 49 ]
On 13 June 2017, former Roma actor Eusebio Di Francesco was appointed as the club ‘s raw coach, replacing Spalletti, who had left the clubhouse to take charge of Internazionale. [ 50 ] Roma again lost a key actor during the summer transfer window, with Mohamed Salah joining Liverpool F.C. for a fee of 39m euro ( £34m ). [ 51 ] several raw players joined the clubhouse, including a club-record distribute for Sampdoria hitter Patrik Schick [ 52 ] and Aleksandar Kolarov in a €5m ( £4.4m ) travel from Manchester City [ 53 ] Di Francesco besides brought in Gregoire Defrel from his previous club Sassuolo in an €18 million bargain. [ 54 ] On 5 December 2017 the Stadio della Roma project, after experiencing five years worth of delays due to conflicting interests from respective parties in the Roman city government, was given the enterprise to begin construction. It is slated to open in time for the 2020–21 season and will replace the Stadio Olimpico as Roma ‘s grind. [ 55 ] In the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage, Roma were drawn in a ruffianly Group C with Chelsea, Atletico Madrid and Qarabag. [ 56 ] however, after performing strongly in the group stage, including a 3–0 dwelling victory against Chelsea, Roma progressed to the knockout stages as Group C winners after Diego Perotti ‘s lone finish in a 1–0 succeed over Qarabag. [ 57 ] After progressing past Shakhtar Donetsk in the Round of 16, Roma were drawn against FC Barcelona in the quarter-finals. On 4 April 2018, Roma were defeated 4–1 aside to Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the first leg, after own goals from Daniele De Rossi and Kostas Manolas, although Edin Džeko provided a recently gleam of hope by scoring an off goal. [ 58 ] On 10 April, Roma pulled off a sensational second-leg rejoinder at the Stadio Olimpico to beat Barcelona 3-0 and reach the Champions League semi-finals on away goals. An early goal from Edin Džeko and a 58th-minute penalty from De Rossi had left the Giallorossi needing to score one more finish to progress before Manolas scored the crucial third gear goal, heading in at the near mail with eight minutes remaining. By doing so, Roma became merely the third base team in Champions League history to overturn a first-leg get the better of of three goals or more and reached the final examination four of the competition for the first time since 1984. [ 59 ] Roma were subsequently drawn against Liverpool, the team that had defeated them in the 1984 european Cup Final, in the semi-finals. [ 60 ] Liverpool would go on to win the tie 7–6 on aggregate. [ 61 ] Roma ended the 2017–2018 season in 3rd station on 77 points, qualifying for the follow seasons Champions League. In the summer of 2018, Roma were busy in the transfer grocery store, in large parts thanks to the €83 million they received from reaching the Champions League semifinal finals, adenine well as selling Alisson for a world phonograph record €72 million including bonuses to Liverpool. [ 62 ] In a identical busy windowpane, Roma spent €150 million to sign the likes of Shick, Nzonzi, Pastore, Kluivert, Defrel and more, while selling their 2 starting midfielders from the former season, Nainggolan and Strootman. The 2018-2019 Serie A season was a disappointment for Roma as they spent the first half of the season bouncing between 6th and tenth place. This was compounded by the fact that many of the new signings failed to make an impact. After Roma were eliminated against Porto 4–3 on sum in the Champions League round of 16, Di Francesco was sacked and replaced by Claudio Ranieri who served as caretaker coach. [ 63 ] The following day, sporting conductor Monchi stepped down. He stated : “ I left Roma for a dim-witted reason : I realized that the owners ’ ideas were different to mine. The President thought it was better to go to the correct, I thought it was better to go to the leave ”. [ 64 ] James Pallotta hit back saying “ I gave him [ Monchi ] 100 percentage control to appoint the coach he wanted, to employ the adjunct coaches and the performance staff, to manage the scout and to bring in the players he wanted. If you look at our results and our performances, it ‘s open that this has n’t worked. He asked me to trust him and let him do it his way. We gave him complete master and now we have more injuries than we ’ ve ever had and are in risk of missing out on finishing in the top 3 for the first clock since 2014. ” [ 65 ] In Monchi ‘s 2 years at the club, he spent £208 million on 21 signings, however within 2 years, merely 12 of his signings remained at the baseball club. [ 66 ] Under Ranieri results improved, however Roma failed to qualify for the Champions League, finishing in 6th place on 66 points. On 11 June 2019, Roma appointed Paulo Fonseca as their raw director. [ 67 ] In December 2019, AS Roma SPV LLC was in concluding negotiations to sell the team for $ 872 million, to American businessman Dan Friedkin, however negotiations stalled during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] On 6 August 2020, Friedkin signed the preliminary contract to agree to pay $ 591 million to Pallotta, the main stockholder of Roma. [ 70 ] On May 4, 2021, the club announced that Fonseca would leave at the end of the 2020–21 season. The same day, Jose Mourinho was announced as Fonseca ‘s refilling on a 3-year abridge set to begin in the 2021–22 season. [ 71 ]
Colours, kits, crests and nicknames
Roma ‘s coloring material of cardinal red with a fortunate jaundiced tailored represents the traditional colors of Rome, the official seal of the Comune di Roma features the same color. [ 72 ] The gold and the purple-red represent Roman imperial dignity. [ 73 ] White shorts and black socks are normally worn with the red shirt. however, in particularly gamey key matches, the shorts and socks are the same discolor as the home shirt. [ 74 ] The kit itself was primitively worn by Roman Football Club ; one of the three clubs who merged to form the stream embodiment in 1927. [ 75 ] Because of the tinge they wear, Roma are often dub i giallorossi meaning the yellow-reds. [ 76 ] Roma ‘s away kit out is traditionally ashen, with a third kit changing color from meter to time. [ citation needed ] A popular nickname for the baseball club is “ i lupi “ ( “ the wolves ” ) – the animal has constantly featured on the club ‘s badge in different forms throughout their history. The emblem of the team is presently the one which was used when the club was first founded. It portrays the female wolf with the two baby brothers Romulus and Remus, illustrating the myth of the establish of Rome, [ 77 ] superimposed on a bipartite golden scandalmongering over a maroon loss shield. [ 78 ] In the myth from which the baseball club takes their dub and logo, the twins ( sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia ) are thrown into the river Tiber by their uncle Amulius. A she-wolf then saved the twins and looked after them. [ 77 ] Eventually, the two twins took revenge on Amulius before falling-out themselves – Romulus killed Remus and was frankincense made king of a new city named in his honor, Rome. [ 77 ]
Facilities
Stadiums
The first sport facility Roma used was the Motovelodromo Appio, previously used by Alba-Audace. Roma only played the 1927–28 season there until they moved to Campo Testaccio the very adjacent temper. Campo Testaccio was used through 1929 to 1940. The team moved late to the Stadio Nazionale del PNF, where they spent 13 years before moving once again. In the 1953–54 season, Roma moved to the Olympic stadium, Stadio Olimpico, which it shares with Lazio. The arena has undergo respective changes over the years. The most significant change took invest in the nineties when Stadio Olimpico was demolished and then reconstructed for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, held in Italy. Roma have played about every season since 1953–54, with exception of the 1989–90 seasons due to the reconstruction of Stadio Olimpico. That year, Roma played its home matches at Stadio Flaminio. On 30 December 2012, Roma cabaret president James Pallotta announced the construction of a new stadium in the Tor di Valle area of Rome. The new stadium, Stadio della Roma, will have a capacitance of 52,500 spectators. [ 84 ] On 2 February 2017, the Region of Lazio and the mayor of Rome rejected the proposal to build a new stadium. [ 85 ] however, it was subsequently approved on 24 February after final revue of the stadium ‘s design adjustments. [ 86 ] In August 2017, the stadium suffered another delay, [ 87 ] forcing Roma to renew their rent with the Stadio Olimpico until 2020. [ 88 ] It is soon uncertain when the stadium will open. [ 89 ] On 5 December 2017 the Stadio della Roma project, after experiencing five years worth of delays due to conflicting interests from diverse parties in the Roman city government, was given the enterprise to begin construction, with the stadium expected to be ready to open for the 2020–21 season. [ 55 ] On 26 February 2021, it was announced that the stadium undertaking was halted. [ 90 ]
number of stadiums used by the club
Read more: Chord (music) – Wikipedia
Read more: Chord (music) – Wikipedia
- 1927–1928 Motovelodromo Appio
- 1929–1940 Campo Testaccio
- 1940–1953 Stadio Nazionale del PNF
- 1953– Stadio Olimpico (1989–1990 Stadio Flaminio due to renovations on Olimpico)
Trigoria
A sports center located in Trigoria at kilometer 3600 in southeast of Rome was purchased on 22 July 1977 by then club president of the united states Gaetano Anzalone. It was opened on 23 July 1979 as Anzalone ‘s concluding act as president of the united states. [ 91 ] The complex had its first expansion in 1984 when the clubhouse was handled by Dino Viola and another in 1998 under the chairmanship of Franco Sensi. [ 92 ] The kernel ‘s official name is the Fulvio Bernardini di Trigoria, named after club picture Fulvio Bernardini. On 4 September 2019, the Trigoria aim ground began to serve besides as a individual school named ‘Liceo Scientifico Sportivo A.S. Roma ‘ entirely educating entirely the team ‘s young players in a renovate build on the train flat coat premises. [ 93 ] 80 students are presently enrolled in the school which features its own cafeteria and gymnasium. The center is besides known for hosting the Argentina national team during the 1990 FIFA World Cup, held in Italy .
Supporters
read-only memory fans at the Stadio Olimpico Roma is the fifth-most supported football clubhouse in Italy – behind Juventus, Internazionale, A.C. Milan and Napoli – with approximately 7 % of italian football fans supporting the cabaret, according to the Doxa Institute-L’Espresso ‘s inquiry of April 2006. [ 94 ] Historically, the largest section of Roma supporters in the city of Rome have come from the inner-city, particularly Testaccio. [ 6 ] The traditional ultras group of the cabaret was Commando Ultrà Curva Sud [ 95 ] normally abbreviated as CUCS. This group was founded by the fusion of many smaller groups and was considered one of the most historic in the history of european football. [ 95 ] however, by the mid-1990s, CUCS had been usurped by equal factions and ultimately broke up. Since that meter, the Curva Sud of the Stadio Olimpico has been controlled by more rightist groups, [ 95 ] including A.S. Roma Ultras, Boys and Giovinezza, among others. however, the oldest group, Fedayn, is apolitical, and politics is not the main identity of Roma, good a part of their overall identity. Besides ultras groups, it is believed Roma fans support the left as opposed to Lazio supporters, which are notoriously gallant of their rightist affiliation. [ 96 ] In November 2015, Roma ‘s ultras and their Lazio counterparts boycotted Roma ‘s 1–0 victory in the Derby della Capitale in protest at new safety measures imposed at the Stadio Olimpico. The measures – imposed by Rome ‘s prefect, Franco Gabrielli – had involved credit card field glass dividing walls being installed in both the Curva Sud and Curva Nord, splitting the sections behind each goal in two. [ 97 ] Both sets of ultras continued their protests for the perch of the season, including during Roma ‘s 4–1 victory in the retort regular. Lazio ‘s ultras returned to the Curva Nord for Roma ‘s 1–4 victory in December 2016, but the Roma ultras continue to boycott matches. [ 98 ]
The most know club hymn is “ Roma ( non-si discute, systeme international d’unites ama ) ”, besides known as “ Roma Roma ”, [ 99 ] [ 100 ] by singer Antonello Venditti. The championship approximately means, “ Roma is not to be questioned, it is to be loved, ” and it is spill the beans before each match. The sung “ Grazie Roma ”, by the same singer, is played at the end of victorious home matches. recently, the chief riff of The White Stripes ‘ song “ seven nation Army “ has besides become widely popular at matches. [ 101 ]
Rivalries
In italian football, Roma is a club with many rivalries ; first and first is their competition with Lazio, the club with whom they plowshare the Stadio Olimpico. The bowler hat between the two is called the Derby della Capitale, it is amongst the most heat and emotional footballing rivalries in the global. The fixture has seen some occasional instances of violence in the past, including the death of Lazio fan Vincenzo Paparelli in 1979–80 as a leave of an emergency flare pass fired from the Curva Sud, [ 102 ] and the abandonment of a equal in March 2004 following baseless rumours of a fatality which led to violence outside the stadium. [ 103 ] Against Napoli, Roma besides compete in the Derby del Sole, meaning the “ Derby of the Sun ”. [ 104 ] Nowadays, fans besides consider other Juventus ( a competition born specially in the 1980s ), Milan, Atalanta ( since 1984, when friendly relations between the two clubs ‘ ultras deteriorated ), [ 105 ] and Internazionale ( increased in holocene years ) among their rivals, as they are much competitors for the top four spots in the league postpone and reservation for the UEFA Champions League. [ 95 ]
vandalism
Rivalries with early teams have escalated into good violence. A group of ultras who label themselves the Fedayn — ‘the devotees ‘ — after a group of long-forgotten iranian guerrilla fighters are regarded to be responsible for the organize vandalism. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] [ 108 ] In 2014 Daniele De Santis, a Roma extremist, was convicted of shooting Ciro Esposito and two others during clashes with Napoli fans who were in Rome for their club ‘s Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina. Esposito died of his wounds. De Santis was sentenced to 26 years in prison, late reduced to 16 years on attract. Roma ultras have displayed banners celebrating De Santis. [ 109 ] There have been multiple instances of Roma ultras attacking supporters of extraneous clubs when playing in Rome. These attacks have regularly featured the Roma ultras using knives, poles, flares, bottles and stones on unarmed foreign supporters, resulting in multiple hospitalisations. Home games against Liverpool in 1984 and 2001, [ 110 ] [ 111 ] Middlesbrough in 2006, [ 112 ] Manchester United in 2007, [ 113 ] [ 114 ] Arsenal in 2009, [ 111 ] [ 115 ] Tottenham Hotspur in 2012, [ 116 ] [ 117 ] and Chelsea in 2017 [ 118 ] have all resulted in multiple stabbings and other injuries to alien supporters. In 2018 Roma ultras travelling to an away game at Liverpool attacked home supporters, resulting in a home supporter being critically injured. [ 119 ] [ 120 ]
Players
current squad
- As of 21 November 2021.[121]
note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .
other players under narrow
note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .
Primavera squad
notice : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .
Out on lend
note : Flags indicate home team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .
management staff
Chairmen history
Roma have had numerous chairmen ( italian : presidenti, fall. ‘presidents ‘ or italian : presidenti del consiglio di amministrazione, literature. ‘chairmen of the control panel of directors ‘ ) over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners and co-owners of the baseball club, some of them were nominated by the owners. [ 122 ] Franco Sensi was the president until his death in 2008, with his daughter, Roma CEO Rosella Sensi taking his place as president. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] here is a complete tilt of Roma chairmen from 1927 until the award day. [ 124 ]
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managerial history
Roma have had many managers and trainers running the team during their history, here is a chronological list of them from 1927 onwards. [ 14 ]
Honours
Roma fans celebrating the Scudetto in 2001 at the Circus Maximus
National titles
Serie A
Coppa Italia
Supercoppa Italiana
- Winners (2): 2001, 2007
Serie B
european titles
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
hall of fame
On 7 October 2012, the AS Roma Hall of Fame was announced. [ 125 ] The Hall of Fame players were voted via the cabaret ‘s official web site and a special Hall of Fame panel. In 2013 four players were voted in. In 2014, the third year of AS Roma Hall of Fame four more players were voted in. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] [ 128 ]
club records and statistics
historic A.S. Roma positions in Serie A Francesco Totti presently holds Roma ‘s official appearance record, having made 786 appearances in all competitions, over the path of 25 seasons from 1993 until 2017. [ 129 ] He besides holds the criminal record for Serie A appearances with 619, as he passed Giacomo Losi on 1 March 2008 during a home equal against Parma. [ 130 ] Including all competitions, Totti is the all-time leave goalscorer for Roma with 307 goals since joining the club, 250 of which were scored in Serie A ( another Roma read ). [ 129 ] Roberto Pruzzo, who was the all-time topscorer since 1988, comes in second in all competitions with 138. In 1930–31, Rodolfo Volk scored 29 goals in Serie A over the course of a single season. not only was Volk the league ‘s top scorer that year, he besides set a Roma record for most goals scored in a season which would later be matched by Edin Džeko in 2016–17. Its major founders Fortitudo and Alba having been relegated at the end of 1926–27 campaign, new-founded Roma had to take contribution to Southern First Division backing ( Serie B ) for its inaugural address season. Nevertheless, the FIGC decided on a particular expansion of first level division re-admitting AS Roma and SSC Napoli. The first ever official matches participated in by Roma was in the National Division, the predecessor of Serie A, of 1927–28, against Livorno, a 2–0 Roma win. [ 131 ] The biggest ever victory recorded by Roma was 9–0 against Cremonese during the 1929–30 Serie A season. [ 129 ] The heaviest frustration Roma have ever suffered is 1–7, which has occurred five times ; against Juventus in 1931–32, Torino in 1947–48, Manchester United in 2006–07, Bayern Munich in 2014–15 and Fiorentina in 2018–19. [ 129 ]
divisional movements
| Series | Years | Last | Promotions | Relegations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 89 | 2021–22 | 42 times to Europe |  1 (1951)
|
| B | 1 | 1951–52 |  1 (1952) |
never |
| 90 years of professional football in Italy since 1929 | ||||
UEFA club coefficient ranking
- As of 31 May 2021[132]
As a company
Since 1999, during Franco Sensi ‘s period in commit, Associazione Sportiva Roma has been a listed Società per azioni on Borsa Italiana. From 2004 to 2011, Roma ‘s shares are distributed between ; 67.1 % to Compagnia Italpetroli SpA ( the Sensi kin holding ; Banca di Roma later acquired 49 % stake on Italpetroli due to debt restructure ) and 32.9 % to other public shareholders. Along with Lazio and Juventus, Roma is one of only three quotated italian club. According to The Football Money League published by consultants Deloitte, in the 2010–11 season, Roma was the fifteenth highest-earning football club in the world with an calculate tax income of €143.5 million. [ 135 ] In April 2008, after months of guess, George Soros was confirmed by Rosella Sensi, CEO of Serie A clubhouse A.S. Roma, to be bidding for a takeover. [ 136 ] The takeover bid was successively rejected by the Sensi syndicate, who rather preferred to maintain the clubhouse ‘s possession. On 17 August 2008 club president and owner Franco Sensi died after a long illness ; his identify at the chairmanship of the club was successively taken by his daughter Rosella. Since the takeover in 2011, NEEP Roma Holding S.p.A. has owned all shares Sensi previously hold. NEEP, itself a joint venture, was held by DiBenedetto AS Roma LLC ( later renamed to AS Roma SPV, LLC ) and Unicredit in 60–40 proportion from 2011 to 2013, which the early had four real person shareholders in peer proportion, led by future Roma president Thomas R. DiBenedetto ( 2011–12 ). The coup d’etat besides activated a compulsory bid of shares from the general populace, however not all minority shareholders were willing to sell their shares. The compulsory invite meant NEEP held 78.038 % of shares of AS Roma ( increased from 67.1 % of the Sensi ). [ 137 ] On 1 August 2013, the president of Roma ampere well as one of the four american shareholders of AS Roma SPV, LLC, James Pallotta, bought an extra 9 % shares of NEEP Roma Holding from Unicredit ( through Raptor Holdco LLC ), as the trust was not will to fully participate in the capital increase of NEEP from €120,000 to €160,008,905 ( excluding contribution premium ). [ 138 ] [ 139 ] On 4 April 2014 Starwood Capital Group besides became the fifth stockholder of AS Roma SPV, a well as forming a strategic partnership with AS Roma SpA to develop real number estate around the new stadium. [ 140 ] The individual investment fast was represented by Zsolt Kohalmi in AS Roma SPV, who was appointed on 4 April as a collaborator and point of european acquisitions of the firm. [ 141 ] On 11 August 2014, UniCredit sold the stay shares on NEEP ( of 31 % ) for €33 million which mean AS Roma SPV LLC ( 91 % ) and Raptor Holdco LLC ( 9 % ) were the exclusive intermediate holding company of AS Roma SpA. [ 142 ] Since re-capitalization in 2003–04, Roma had a ephemeral fiscal self-sustainability, until the takeover in 2011. The golf club had set up a special amortization store using Articolo 18-bis Legge 91/1981 chiefly for the abnormal signings anterior 2002–03 season, ( such as Davide Bombardini for €11 million report value in June 2002, when the flopped player exchange boosted 2001–02 season solution ) and the tax requital of 2002–03 was rescheduled. In 2004–05, Roma made a internet profit of €10,091,689 and followed by €804,285 in 2005–06. [ 143 ] In 2006–07 season the accounting method changed to IFRS, which meant that the 2005–06 result was reclassified as internet loss of €4,051,905 and 2006–07 season was web income of €10,135,539 ( €14.011 million as a group ). [ 144 ] furthermore, the limited fund ( €80,189,123 ) was removed from the asset and co-currently for the equity as scheduled, entail Roma group had a negative equity of €8.795 million on 30 June 2007. Nevertheless, the baseball club had sold the brand to a auxiliary which boost the profit in a freestanding fiscal statement, which La Repubblica described as “ doping ”. [ 145 ] In 2007–08, Roma made a net income of €18,699,219. ( €19 million as a group ) [ 146 ] however, 2008–09 saw the decrease of gate and television receiver income, co-currently with finishing sixth in Serie A, which saw Roma made a net loss of €1,894,330. ( €1.56 million as a group ) [ 147 ] The gate and television receiver income further slipped in 2009–10 with a web loss of €21,917,292 ( already boosted by the sale of Alberto Aquilani ; €22 million as a group ) despite sporting success ( finishing in second position in 2009–10 ). [ 148 ] furthermore, despite a positive equity as a classify company ( €105,142,589 ), the AS Roma Group had a veto equity on the consolidate libra sheet, and fell from +€8.8 million to −€13.2 million. In the 2010–11 season, Roma was administrated by UniCredit as the Sensi family failed to repay the bank and the club was put on the market, [ 149 ] and were expected to have a quiet transfer window. [ 150 ] concurrently with no sell net income on the players, Roma ‘s final loss rose to €30,589,137 ( €30.778 million as a group ) and the newly owner already planned a re-capitalization after the compulsory bid on the shares. On the positive side, television income was increased from €75,150,744 to €78,041,642, and gate income increased from €23,821,218 to €31,017,179. This was because Roma entered 2010–11 Champions League, which counter-weighed the effect of the new collective agreement of Serie A. In 2011–12, the refilling of police squad and participation in 2011–12 UEFA Europa League had worsened the fiscal result, which the €50 million capital increase ( in progress ) was counter-weighted wholly by the net personnel casualty. In the 2012–13 temper, the engagement in domestic league alone, was not merely not harmful to the gross but increase in gate income a well as decrease in wage beak, however Roma even did not yet break even ( €40.130 million web passing in amalgamate accounts ). NEEP Roma besides re-capitalized AS Roma in progress for another €26,550,000 during 2012–13. A project capital increase by €100 million for Roma was announced on 25 June 2014 ; however, until 22 May 2014, NEEP already injected €108 million into the club, which depends on public subscription ; more than €8 million would convert to medium-long-term lend from stockholder alternatively of becoming contribution capital. [ 151 ] Another capital increase was carried in 2018. A joint venture of Roma, which was owned by Roma ( 37.5 % ), S.S. Lazio ( 37.5 % ) and Parma F.C. ( 25 % ), Società Diritti Sportivi S.r.l., was in the process of liquidation since 2005. The ship’s company was a joint-venture of four football clubs, including Fiorentina. After the bankruptcy of Fiorentina however, both Roma and Lazio had increased their shares ratio from 25 % to 37.5 %. Another subordinate, “ Soccer S.A.S. di Brand Management S.r.l. “, was a special-purpose entity ( SPV ) that Roma sold their mark to the subsidiary company in 2007. In February 2015, another SPV, “ ASR Media and Sponsorship S.r.l ”, [ 152 ] was set up to secure a five-year bank loanword of €175 million from Goldman Sachs, for three-month Euribor ( min. 0.75 % ) + 6.25 % ranch ( i.e. minute. 7 % interests rate p.a. ). [ 153 ] [ 154 ] In 2015, Inter and Roma were the lone two italian clubs that were sanctioned by UEFA for breaking UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations, which they signed settlement agreements with UEFA. [ 155 ] It was followed by Milan in 2018. Roma had submission with the requirements and overall aim of the colony agreement in 2018, which the club exited from settlement regimen. [ 156 ] [ 157 ]
Superleague Formula
A.S. Roma had a team in the Superleague Formula race cable car serial where teams were sponsored by football clubs. Roma ‘s driver was ex- IndyCar Series driver Franck Perera. The team had posted three podiums and was operated by Alan Docking Racing .
See besides
References
Read more: FIFA 21 Pro Clubs