Zonguldak ( turkish pronunciation : [ zoŋˈguɫdak ] ) is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It was established in 1849 as a larboard town for the nearby coal mines in Ereğli and the coal trade wind remains its chief economic activity. [ citation needed ] According to the 2009 census, Zonguldak has a population of 108,792. The current mayor is Ömer Selim Alan, representing the AKP .
etymology [edit ]
There are respective different theories concerning the lineage of the city ‘s name :
- That it comes from Zone Geul-Dagh, the name given to the area by French and Belgian mining companies[3][4] from French “zone” and a French spelling of Turkish Göldağı (‘Lake Mountain’), the highest mountain in the vicinity of the Devrek district.
- That the name came from Turkish zongalık which means “swamp”, or zongura.
- That the name may derive from the name of the nearby ancient settlement of Sandaraca or Sandarake (in Ancient Greek Σανδαράκη).
- That the name may have come from “jungle” (which the French entrepreneurs called the area due to its uneven wooded geography) plus Turkish dağ ‘mountain’.
In a 1920 report card, the british Foreign Office spelled Zonguldak Zunguldak. [ 5 ]
Reading: Zonguldak – Wikipedia
history [edit ]
The port city of Zonguldak suffered a heavy bombing by the Russians during World War I, according to the caption of a Lubok popular print. [ 6 ] As of 1920, the port was under the see of the Heraclea Coal Company. The northern part of the bay featured a man-made seaport, for steamer use. At that time, they had two cranes which distributed coal to exporting vessels. [ 5 ]
climate [edit ]
Zonguldak has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa, Trewartha : Cf ). Summers are strong, the median temperature is around 23 °C in July and August. Winters are cool, the average temperature is around 6 °C in January and February. Precipitation is frequent, particularly in the cold months, while it is by and large heaviest in fall and early on winter, lightest ( although distillery frequent ) in give. The water temperature is constantly quite balmy and fluctuates between 8° C and 20 °C throughout the year .
| Climate data for Zonguldak (1991–2020, extremes 1939–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.6 (92.5) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.8 (103.6) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.9 (96.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
17.5 (63.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 127.7 (5.03) |
93.9 (3.70) |
96.4 (3.80) |
57.1 (2.25) |
59.5 (2.34) |
83.0 (3.27) |
69.7 (2.74) |
81.6 (3.21) |
125.9 (4.96) |
147.5 (5.81) |
134.5 (5.30) |
161.8 (6.37) |
1,238.6 (48.76) |
| Average precipitation days | 18.13 | 15.93 | 15.60 | 12.73 | 11.37 | 9.33 | 7.17 | 7.03 | 10.17 | 12.80 | 13.60 | 18.30 | 152.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.0 | 73.5 | 108.5 | 153.0 | 195.3 | 243.0 | 275.9 | 257.3 | 189.0 | 130.2 | 90.0 | 65.1 | 1,842.8 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 5.0 |
| Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[7] | |||||||||||||
Health [edit ]
Because of coal there is a lot of lung disease. [ 8 ]
economy [edit ]
Jobs in ember in Turkey are being lost [ 9 ] and in 2020 the EBRD proposed a equitable transition. [ 10 ]
exile [edit ]
Zonguldak honest-to-god coal Port constructed in 1848
Read more: EFL Trophy – Wikipedia
construction work in the city
Zonguldak port and breakwater, Turkey Ottoman era postcard The city is the end point of a railway trace to Irmak, with the terminating place Zonguldak Railway Station built in 1937 .
International relations [edit ]
Twin towns — baby cities [edit ]
Zonguldak is twinned with : [ 11 ]
celebrated people [edit ]
Ergün Penbe – turkish former football player Murat Boz – turkish singer-songwriter and actor Nilgün Efes – turkish entrepreneur and diarist
See besides [edit ]
References [edit ]
- Videos
- Video 1 Zonguldak Akşamları
- Video 2 Resimlerle Zonguldak