The Hulk is a fictional superhero appearing in publications by the American publisher Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the fictional character first appeared in the debut return of The Incredible Hulk ( May 1962 ). In his comic book appearances, the character is both the Hulk, a green-skinned, hulking and muscular android possessing a huge degree of physical force, and his change ego Dr. Robert Bruce Banner, a physically weak, socially withdrawn, and emotionally reserved physicist. The two exist as autonomous dissociative personalities, and resent each other. Following his accidental exposure to gamma rays saving the life of Rick Jones during the explosion of an experimental fail, Banner is physically transformed into the Hulk when subjected to aroused tension, at or against his will, much leading to destructive rampages and conflicts that complicate Banner ‘s civilian animation. The Hulk ‘s level of force is normally conveyed as harmonious to his level of anger. normally portrayed as a rag beast, the Hulk has been represented with early personalities based on Banner ‘s fracture soul, from a mindless, destructive force, to a brilliant warrior, or brilliance scientist in his own mighty. Despite both Hulk and Banner ‘s desire for solitude, the fictional character has a large supporting cast. This includes Banner ‘s lover Betty Ross, his best friend Rick Jones, his cousin She-Hulk, and therapist and ally Doc Samson. In addition, the Hulk alter ego has many key supporting characters like his co-founders of the superhero team the Avengers, his queen Caiera, chap warriors Korg and Miek, and sons Skaar and Hiro-Kala. however, his indocile power has brought him into battle with his companion heroes and others. Despite this, he tries his best to do what ‘s right while battling villains such as Leader, Abomination, Absorbing Man and more.
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Lee stated that the Hulk ‘s initiation was inspired by a combination of Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. [ 3 ] Although the Hulk ‘s color has varied throughout the character ‘s issue history, the most usual semblance is green. One of the most iconic characters in popular acculturation, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] the quality has appeared on a kind of merchandise, such as clothing and collectible items, inspired real-world structures ( such as subject parking lot attractions ), and been referenced in a number of media. Banner and the Hulk have been adapted in live-action, animated, and video recording game incarnations. The character was first played in a live-action sport movie by Eric Bana, released in 2003. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, [ not verified in body ] the character was portrayed by Edward Norton in the film The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) and by Mark Ruffalo in the films The Avengers ( 2012 ), Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) in a cameo, Avengers: Age of Ultron ( 2015 ), Thor: Ragnarok ( 2017 ), Avengers: Infinity War ( 2018 ), Captain Marvel ( 2019 ) in a cameo, Avengers: Endgame ( 2019 ), Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings ( 2021 ) in a cameo, and in the limited series What If…?. Ruffalo will reprise the role in the approaching Disney+ series She-Hulk ( 2022 ) .
Publication history
Concept and creation
The Hulk first gear appeared in The Incredible Hulk # 1 ( embrace dated May 1962 ), written by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack Kirby, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] and inked by Paul Reinman. Lee cites influence from Frankenstein [ 8 ] and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulk ‘s creation :
It was obviously apparent that [ the monstrous quality the ] thing was the most democratic character in [ Marvel ‘s recently created superhero team the ] Fantastic Four. … For a long time, I ‘d been mindful of the fact that people were more likely to favor person who was less than perfect. … It ‘s a dependable stake that you remember Quasimodo, but how easily can you name any of the heroic, big, more glamorous characters in The Hunchback of Notre Dame ? And then there ‘s Frankenstein … I ‘ve always had a cushy spot in my heart for the Frankenstein monster. No one could always convince me that he was the bad guy. … He never wanted to hurt anyone ; he merely groped his agonizing way through a second life trying to defend himself, trying to come to terms with those who sought to destroy him. … I decided I might a well borrow from Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as well—our protagonist would constantly change from his normal identity to his superhuman change self and back again. [ 9 ]
Kirby, commenting upon his influences in drawing the character, recalled as inhalation witness in person the hysterical forte of a mother lifting a cable car off her trap child. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Lee has besides compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish mythology. [ 8 ] In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as a reaction to the Cold War [ 13 ] and the terror of nuclear attack, an interpretation shared by Weinstein in Up, Up and Oy Vey. [ 8 ] This interpretation corresponds with other popularize fabricated media created during this time period, which took advantage of the prevail sense among Americans that nuclear office could produce monsters and mutants. [ 14 ] In the debut, Lee chose grey for the Hulk because he wanted a color that did not suggest any particular ethnic group. [ 15 ] Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with the grey color, resulting in different shades of grey, and even green, in the consequence. After seeing the first published exit, Lee chose to change the skin color to green. [ 16 ] Green was used in retellings of the beginning, with even reprints of the original report being recolored for the next two decades, until The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, # 302 ( December 1984 ) reintroduced the grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the beginning narrative. An exception is the early trade paperback book, Origins of Marvel Comics, from 1974, which explains the difficulties in keeping the grey color consistent in a Stan Lee written prologue, and reprints the origin narrative keeping the grey coloration. Since December 1984, reprints of the first return have displayed the original grey color, with the fictional canon specifying that the Hulk ‘s peel had initially been grey. Lee gave the Hulk ‘s alter ego the alliterative list “ Bruce Banner ” because he found he had less difficulty remembering alliterative names. Despite this, in late stories he misremembered the character ‘s diagnose and referred to him as “ Bob Banner “, an error which readers promptly picked up on. [ 17 ] The discrepancy was resolved by giving the character the official full moon name “ Robert Bruce Banner. ” [ 1 ] The Hulk got his diagnose from a comic book character named The Heap who was a bombastic green swamp monster. [ 18 ]
Series history
The Hulk ‘s original serial was canceled with issue # 6 ( March 1963 ). Lee had written each story, with Kirby penciling the first five issues and Steve Ditko pencil and inking the sixth. The fictional character immediately guest-starred in The Fantastic Four # 12 ( March 1963 ), and months late became a establish penis of the superhero team the Avengers, appearing in the first two issues of the team ‘s eponymous serial ( Sept. and Nov. 1963 ), and returning as an antagonist in issue # 3 and as an ally in # 5 ( Jan.–May 1964 ). He then guest-starred in Fantastic Four # 25–26 ( April–May 1964 ), which revealed Banner ‘s fully name as Robert Bruce Banner, and The Amazing Spider-Man # 14 ( July 1964 ). [ 19 ]
Around this time, co-creator Kirby received a letter from a college dormitory stating the Hulk had been chosen as its official mascot. [ 8 ] Kirby and Lee realized their character had found an audience in college-age readers. A class and a one-half after The Incredible Hulk was canceled, the Hulk became one of two features in Tales to Astonish, beginning in issue # 60 ( Oct. 1964 ). [ 20 ] This new Hulk feature of speech was initially scripted by Lee, with pencils by Steve Ditko and inks by George Roussos. early artists former in this run included Jack Kirby ( # 68–87, June 1965 – Oct. 1966 ) ; Gil Kane ( credited as “ Scott Edwards ”, # 76, ( Feb. 1966 ) ) ; Bill Everett ( # 78–84, April–Oct. 1966 ) ; John Buscema ( # 85–87 ) ; and Marie Severin. The Tales to Astonish run introduced the super-villains the Leader, [ 3 ] who would become the Hulk ‘s bane, and the Abomination, another gamma-irradiated being. [ 3 ] Marie Severin finished out the Hulk ‘s rivulet in Tales to Astonish. Beginning with publish # 102 ( April 1968 ) the bible was retitled The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, [ 21 ] and ran until 1999, when Marvel canceled the series and launched Hulk # 1. Marvel filed for a hallmark for “ The incredible Hulk ” in 1967, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the registration in 1970. [ 22 ] Len Wein wrote the series from 1974 through 1978, working inaugural with Herb Trimpe, then, as of consequence # 194 ( December 1975 ), with Sal Buscema, who was the regular artist for ten years. [ 23 ] Issues # 180–181 ( Oct.–Nov. 1974 ) introduced Wolverine as an antagonist, [ 24 ] who would go on to become one of Marvel Comics ‘ most popular characters. In 1977, Marvel launched a second base title, The Rampaging Hulk, a black-and-white comics magazine. [ 3 ] This was primitively conceived as a flashback series, set between the end of his master, ephemeral solo title and the begin of his feature in Tales to Astonish. [ 25 ] After nine issues, the magazine was retitled The Hulk! and printed in color. [ 26 ] In 1977, two Hulk television receiver films were aired to potent ratings, leading to an Incredible Hulk television series which aired from 1978 to 1982. A huge ratings success, the series introduced the democratic Hulk catchphrase, “ Do n’t make me angry. You would n’t like me when I ‘m angry ”, and broadened the quality ‘s popularity from a recess comic book readership into the mainstream consciousness. [ 27 ] Bill Mantlo became the series ‘ writer for five years beginning with offspring # 245 ( March 1980 ). Mantlo ‘s “ Crossroads of Eternity ” stories ( # 300–313 ( Oct. 1984 – Nov. 1985 ) ) explored the mind that Banner had suffered child misuse. Later Hulk writers Peter David and Greg Pak have called these stories an determine on their approaches to the character. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Mantlo left the series for Alpha Flight and that series ‘ writer John Byrne took over The Incredible Hulk. [ 30 ] The concluding offspring of Byrne ‘s six emergence run featured the wedding of Bruce Banner and Betty Ross. [ 31 ] Writer Peter David began a 12-year rivulet with issue # 331 ( May 1987 ). He returned to the Roger Stern and Mantlo maltreatment storylines, expanding the damage caused, and depicting Banner as suffering dissociative identity disorder ( DID ). [ 3 ] In 1998, David killed off Banner ‘s long-time love Betty Ross. Marvel executives used Ross ‘ death as an opportunity to pursue the return of the Savage Hulk. David disagree, leading to his parting ways with Marvel. [ 32 ] besides in 1998, Marvel relaunched The Rampaging Hulk as a standard amusing script preferably than as a comics cartridge holder. [ 3 ] The Incredible Hulk was again cancelled with topic # 474 of its second volume in March 1999 and was replaced with a new series, Hulk the following calendar month, with returning writer Byrne and artwork by Ron Garney. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] New serial writer Paul Jenkins developed the Hulk ‘s multiple personalities, [ 35 ] and his run was followed by Bruce Jones [ 36 ] with his political campaign featuring Banner being pursued by a secret conspiracy and aided by the cryptic Mr. Blue. Jones appended his 43-issue Incredible Hulk run with the restrict series Hulk/Thing: Hard Knocks # 1–4 ( Nov. 2004 – Feb. 2005 ), which Marvel published after putting the ongoing series on foramen. Peter David, who had initially signed a shrink for the six-issue Tempest Fugit circumscribed series, returned as writer when it was decided to make that fib the first five parts of the revived ( vol. 3 ). [ 37 ] After a four-part link to the “ House of M “ storyline and a one-issue epilogue, David left the series once more, citing the need to do non-Hulk work for the sake of his career. [ 38 ] Writer Greg Pak took over the series in 2006, leading the Hulk through several crossing storylines including “ Planet Hulk “ and “ World War Hulk “, which left the Hulk temporarily incapacitated and replaced as the serial ‘ title character by the daemon Hercules in the retitled The Incredible Hercules ( Feb. 2008 ). The Hulk returned sporadically in Hulk, which then starred the new Red Hulk. [ 39 ] In September 2009, The Incredible Hulk was relaunched as The Incredible Hulk ( vol. 2 ) # 600. [ 39 ] The serial was retitled The Incredible Hulks with publish # 612 ( Nov. 2010 ) to encompass the Hulk ‘s expanded family, and ran until issue # 635 ( Oct. 2011 ) when it was replaced with The Incredible Hulk ( vol. 3 ) ( 15 issues, Dec. 2011 – Dec. 2012 ) written by Jason Aaron with art by Marc Silvestri. [ 40 ] As separate of Marvel ‘s 2012 Marvel NOW ! relaunch, a series called The Indestructible Hulk ( Nov. 2012 ) debuted under the creative team of Mark Waid and Leinil Yu. [ 41 ] This series was replaced in 2014 with The Hulk by Waid and artist Mark Bagley. [ 42 ] A new series titled Immortal Hulk, written by Al Ewing and drawn by Joe Bennett, was launched in 2018. It is slated to end at consequence 50 in 2021. [ 43 ] The series had a by-product one-shot Immortal She-Hulk [ 44 ] and will receive a by-product series about Gamma Flight in June 2021. [ 45 ]
fictional character biography
During the experimental detonation of a da gamma fail, scientist Robert Bruce Banner saves teenager Rick Jones who has driven onto the testing plain ; Banner pushes Jones into a trench to save him, but is hit with the blast, absorbing massive amounts of da gamma radiotherapy. He awakens late apparently unharmed, but that night transforms into a lumber grey shape. A pursuing soldier dubs the creature a “ loom ”. [ 46 ] originally, it was believed that Banner ‘s transformations into the Hulk were caused by sunset and unwrap at sunrise, but belated, after Rick witnessed Banner turn into Hulk at day following a fail undertake by Ross ‘ men to shoot the Hulk into space, it was discovered to be caused by wrath. Banner was cured in The Incredible Hulk # 4, but chose to restore Hulk ‘s powers with Banner ‘s intelligence. The gamma-ray machine needed to affect the transformation-induced side effects that made Banner temporarily sick and weak when returned to his normal state. In The Avengers # 1 ( September 1963 ), the Hulk became a establish member of the title ‘s eponymous superhero team. By The Avengers # 3, overexploitation of the gamma-ray machine rendered the Hulk as an uncontrollable, rampaging monster, subject to spontaneous changing. In Tales to Astonish # 59 ( September 1964 ) the Hulk appeared as an adversary for Giant-Man. The series established try as the trigger for Banner turning into the Hulk and vice versa. [ 47 ] It was during this time that the Hulk developed a more beast and childlike personality, shifting away from his master portrait as a beastly but not wholly unintelligent design. besides, his memory, both long-run and short-run, would now become markedly impair in his Hulk state. Tales to Astonish # 64 ( February 1965 ) was the last Hulk story to feature him speaking in complete sentences. In Tales to Astonish # 77 ( March 1966 ), Banner ‘s and the Hulk ‘s double identity became publicly known when Rick Jones, mistakenly convinced that Banner was dead ( when he actually had been catapulted into the future ), told Major Glenn Talbot, a equal to Banner for the affections of Betsy Ross, the truth. consequently, Glenn informed his superiors and that turned Banner into a want fugitive upon returning to the deliver. The 1970s saw Banner and Betty closely marry in The Incredible Hulk # 124 ( February 1970 ). [ 48 ] Betty ultimately married Talbot in emergence # 158 ( Dec. 1972 ). [ 49 ] The Hulk besides traveled to other dimensions, one of which had him meet empress Jarella, who used charming to bring Banner ‘s intelligence to the Hulk, and came to love him. The Hulk helped to form the Defenders. [ 50 ] In the 1980s, Banner once again gained control over the Hulk, [ 51 ] and gained amnesty for his past rampages ; [ 52 ] however, due to the manipulations of supernatural character Nightmare, Banner finally lost master over the Hulk. [ 53 ] It was besides established that Banner had serious mental problems even before he became the Hulk, having suffered childhood injury that engendered Bruce ‘s smother rage. [ 54 ] Banner comes to terms with his issues for a time, and the Hulk and Banner were physically separated by Doc Samson. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Banner is recruited by the U.S. government to create the Hulkbusters, a government team dedicated to catching the Hulk. Banner finally married Betty in The Incredible Hulk # 319 ( May 1986 ) following Talbot ‘s death in 1981. [ 31 ] [ 57 ] Banner and the Hulk were reunited in The Incredible Hulk # 323 ( Sep. 1986 ) [ 58 ] and with consequence # 324, returned the Hulk to his grey coloration, with his transformations once again occurring at night, regardless of Banner ‘s emotional state of matter. In issue # 347 the grey Hulk persona “ Joe Fixit ” was introduced, a morally equivocal Las Vegas hatchet man and ruffianly ridicule. Banner remained repressed in the Hulk ‘s beware for months, but slowly began to reappear. The 1990s saw the green Hulk reelect. [ 59 ] In topic # 377 ( Jan. 1991 ), the Hulk was revamped in a storyline that saw the personalities of Banner, Grey Hulk, and Savage Hulk confront Banner ‘s past mistreat at the hands of his father Brian and a new “ Guilt Hulk ” persona. Overcoming the injury, the intelligent Banner, cunning Grey Hulk, and herculean Savage Hulk personalities merge into a modern unmarried entity possessing the traits of all three. The Hulk besides joined the Pantheon, a close arrangement of superpowered individuals. [ 60 ] [ 61 ] His tenure with the administration brought the Hulk into battle with a authoritarian understudy future adaptation of himself called the Maestro in the 1993 Future Imperfect miniseries, who rules over a global where many heroes are all in. In 2000, Banner and the three Hulks ( Savage Hulk, Grey Hulk, and the “ Merged Hulk ”, now considered a break personality and referred to as the Professor ) become able to mentally interact with one another, each personality taking over the shared soundbox as Banner began to weaken due to his suffering from Lou Gehrig ‘s disease. During this, the four personalities ( including Banner ) confronted so far another submerged personality, a sadistic “ Devil ” intent on attacking the global and attempting to break out of Banner ‘s fracture psyche, but the Devil was finally locked away again when the Leader was able to devise a cure for the disease using genes taken from the cadaver of Brian Banner. [ 35 ] In 2005, it is revealed that the Nightmare has manipulated the Hulk for years, and it is implied that some or all of the Hulk ‘s adventures written by Bruce Jones may have been just an delusion. [ 62 ] In 2006, the Illuminati decide the Hulk is excessively dangerous to remain on Earth and send him aside by rocket ship which crashes on Planet Sakaar ushering in the “ Planet Hulk “ storyline that saw the Hulk rule allies in the Warbound, and marry foreigner queen Caiera, a relationship that was late revealed to have born him two sons : Skaar and Hiro-Kala. [ 63 ] After the Illuminati ‘s ship explodes and kills Caiera, the Hulk returns to Earth with his superhero group Warbound and declares war on the planet in World War Hulk ( 2007 ). [ 64 ] however, after learning that Miek, one of the Warbound, had actually been responsible for the destruction, the Hulk allows himself to be defeated, with Banner subsequently redeeming himself as a hero as he works with and against the new Red Hulk to defeat the new supervillain team the Intelligencia. [ 65 ] In the 2010s, Hiro-Kala traveled to Earth to destroy the OldStrong Power wielded by Skaar, forcing Skaar and the Hulk to defeat and imprison him within his home planet. [ 66 ] During the 2011 Fear Itself storyline, the Hulk finds one of the Serpent ‘s charming hammers associated with the Worthy and becomes Nul : breaker of Worlds. As he starts to transform, the Hulk tells the Red She-Hulk to run far away from him. Rampaging through South and Central America, Nul was finally transported to New York City where he began battling Thor, with aid of the Thing, who was transformed into Angrir : surf of Souls. After defeating the Thing, Thor stated that he never could beat the Hulk, and alternatively removed him from the battle by launching him into Earth orbit, after which Thor collapsed from debilitation. [ 67 ] Landing in Romania, Nul immediately began heading for the base of the vampire-king Dracula. Opposed by Dracula ‘s forces, including a numerous of monsters, Nul was apparently unstoppable. [ 68 ] only after the intervention of Raizo Kodo ‘s Forgiven was Nul concisely slowed. [ 69 ] ultimately, Nul makes his way to Dracula ‘s palace where the timely arrival of Kodo and Forgiven extremity Inka, disguised as Betty Ross, is able to throw off the effects of the Nul possession. Throwing aside the hammer, the Hulk regains control, and promptly leaves upon realizing “ Betty ‘s ” true nature. [ 70 ] With the crisis concluded, the Hulk contacted Doctor Doom for aid separating him and Banner for good in hark back for an unspecified privilege. Doom proceeded to perform brain surgery on the Hulk, extracting the uniquely Banner elements from the Hulk ‘s brain and cloning a new body for Banner. [ 71 ] When Doctor Doom demands to keep Banner for his own purposes, the Hulk reneges on the cover and flees with Banner ‘s consistency, leaving his alter ego in the defect where he was created to ensure that Doctor Doom can not use Banner ‘s reason. [ 72 ] When Banner goes insane due to his separation from the Hulk, irradiating an entire tropical island trying to recreate his transformation- something he can not do as the cloned body lacks the familial elements of Banner that allowed him to process the da gamma radiation- the Hulk is forced to destroy his other side by letting him be disintegrated by a gamma turkey, prompting the Hulk to accuse Doom of tampering with Banner ‘s mind, alone for Doom to observe that what was witnessed was plainly Banner without the Hulk to use as a scapegoat for his problems. [ 73 ] Initially assuming that Banner is dead, the Hulk soon realizes that Banner was somehow “ re-combined ” with him when the da gamma turkey disintegrated Banner ‘s body, resulting in the Hulk finding himself waking up in diverse strange locations, including helping the Punisher confront a drug trust run by a mutate frump, hunting sasquatches with Kraven the Hunter, and being forced to face Wolverine and the Thing in an old SHIELD base. Banner finally leaves a video message for the Hulk in which he apologizes for his actions while they were separate, having come to recognize that he is a better person with the Hulk than without, [ 74 ] the two connect forces to thwart the Doombots ‘ try to use the animals on Banner ‘s irradiate island as the basis for a new gamma united states army using a one-of-a-kind gamma cure Banner had created to turn all the animals back to normal. [ 75 ] Following this, Bruce willingly joined the spy organization S.H.I.E.L.D., allowing them to use the Hulk as a weapon in exchange for providing him with the means and funding to create a last bequest for himself. [ 76 ] After the Hulk had suffered mind damage upon being shot in the head by the club of the Shield- the assassin having been carefully trained to target Bruce at precisely the proper region of the mind to incapacitate him without triggering a transformation- Iron man used the Extremis to cure the Hulk. [ 77 ] This procedure besides increased Banner ‘s mental capacitance, which gave him the intelligence to tweak the Extremis virus within him and unleash a newfangled persona for the Hulk : the super-intelligent Doc Green. During the 2014 “ Original Sin “ storyline, Bruce Banner confronted by the eye of the murdered Uatu the Watcher. Bruce temporarily experienced some of Tony Stark ‘s memories of their first converge before either of them became the Hulk or Iron Man. During this vision, Bruce witnessed Tony modifying the gamma fail to be more effective motivate Bruce to realize that Tony was basically creditworthy for him becoming the Hulk in the first seat. [ 78 ] Subsequent research reveals that Tony ‘s tamper had actually refined the bomb calorimeter ‘s explosive potential so that it would not disintegrate everyone within the gust radius, with the leave that Tony ‘s actions had actually saved Bruce ‘s life. [ 79 ] In the 2014 “ AXIS “ storyline, when a mistake made by the Scarlet Witch causes versatile heroes and villains to experience a moral inversion, Bruce Banner attended a touch between Nick Fury Jr. and Maria Hill of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the Avengers who refused to turn over Red Skull. belated when he sided with Edwin Jarvis and tried to prevent his teammates from executing the Red Skull, the Hulk was thrown away by Luke Cage. The Hulk ‘s sorrow at his friends ‘ betrayal awakened a new persona known as the bloodthirsty Kluh ( described as the Hulk ‘s Hulk, being the pitiless part of himself that flush the Hulk repressed ) with this fresh version easily defeating the Avengers, sneering that the Hulk they knew was nothing more than a “ sad patch of ‘Doc Green ‘s ‘ ID. ” Kluh then leaves to wreak havoc, [ 80 ] with Nova attempting to stop him after witnessing his rampage with the remaining dear heroes. [ 81 ] As with the other inverted Avengers and X-Men, Kluh was restored to Hulk when Brother Voodoo was summoned back to life sentence by Doctor Doom so that Daniel Drumm ‘s ghostwriter can possess the Scarlet Witch and undo the inversion. With his newfound reason, Doc Green came to the conclusion that the worldly concern was in risk by Gamma Mutates and therefore needed to be depowered. He developed a serum made from Adamantium nanobites that absorb da gamma energy. [ 82 ] He used these to depower Red Leader, Red She-Hulk, Red Hulk, Skaar, Gamma Corps, and A-Bomb, but decided to ‘spare ‘ She-Hulk as he concluded that she was the one da gamma mutant whose life had been legitimately improved by her mutation. At the close of the storyline, Doc Green discovered that he was beginning to disappear as the solution of the Extremis serum wearing off. He ultimately allowed himself to fade away, returning to his convention Hulk shape, as he feared that remaining at his current intellectual level would lead to him becoming the Maestro. [ 83 ] During the 2015 “ Secret Wars “ storyline, the Hulk took contribution in the penetration between Earth-616 and Earth-1610. The Hulk used the “ Fastball Special ” with Colossus to destroy the Triskelion. [ 84 ] As part of the 2015–2018 All-New, All-Different Marvel brand, Amadeus Cho becomes the modern Hulk. Flashbacks unwrap that the Hulk had absorbed a dangerous raw type of radiation while helping Iron man and the Black Panther share with a massive accident on Kiber Island. Fearing the Hulk ‘s meltdown would kill countless innocents, Cho was able to use special nanites to absorb the Hulk from Banner and take it into himself to become his own interpretation of the Hulk, leaving Banner normal and dislodge from the Hulk. [ 85 ] He is then rescued from a bar fight by Amadeus, who tells him that he is cured. Having confirmed that he can no longer transform or sense the Hulk, Bruce spends some time traveling across America taking diverse risks such as driving at senior high school speeds, running away from a bear, or gambling in Las Vegas, until he is confronted by Tony Stark out of business that Bruce has a death wish. Bruce alternatively acknowledges that he still harbors guilt and fury over how then many of the Hulk ‘s rampages were provoked by diverse agencies refusing to leave him alone. [ 86 ] During the 2016 “ Civil War II “ storyline, the vision of the Inhuman Ulysses shows a rampaging Hulk standing over the corpses of the superheroes. interim, Bruce Banner is shown to have set up a lab in Alpine, Utah, where he is approached by Captain Marvel, [ 87 ] followed by Tony Stark, the rest of the Avengers, the X-Men, and the Inhumans. The confrontation leads to the Beast hack into Banner ‘s study servers and the revelation that he had been injecting himself with dead gamma-irradiated cells. S.H.I.E.L.D. Director Maria Hill places him under apprehension. Banner gets infuriated at all these events, when suddenly, Hawkeye shoots Banner with an arrow to the head and then to the heart, killing him, much to the depress and repugnance of the superheroes, particularly Tony Stark. At an Avengers-presided court, Hawkeye states that Bruce Banner had approached him and ordered him to kill him if he ever showed signs of turning into the Hulk again. [ 88 ] At the funeral, Korg of the Warbound stated how Hulk wanted to be left alone and how his allies that he made along the way have become his family. In his television will, Bruce leaves versatile items to early heroes and his allies including leaving Doctor Strange his notes on the Hulk ‘s ability to perceive ghosts and an egg-timer for the respective former/current other Hulks ( based on one of Bruce ‘s more successful attempts to control himself as he would sit down for three minutes doing nothing before making a particularly big decision and then decide if he still wanted to do it ). [ 89 ] Following the funeral of Bruce Banner, the Hand in allegiance with Daniel Drumm ‘s ghost steal Bruce Banner ‘s body in order to use the dead to bolster their ranks. [ 90 ] When the reassembled Uncanny Avengers went to Japan and attempted to enlist Elektra for serve in stopping the Hand, the ritual that the Hand performed has been completed as the Uncanny Avengers are attacked by a revived Hulk who is wearing samurai armor. [ 91 ] The Uncanny Avengers were able to contain Hulk ‘s rampage and sever his mystic radio link to the Beast of the Hand. Afterward, Hulk regressed bet on to Bruce Banner and returned to the dead. [ 92 ] During the 2017 “ Secret Empire “ storyline, Arnim Zola used an unknown method to temporarily revive Bruce Banner, and the Hydra Supreme interpretation of Captain America persuades his Hulk english to attack the Underground ‘s hideout called the Vault. He fought Thing and Giant-Man ‘s A.I.Vengers until the impermanent revival started to wear off and caused Hulk to die again. [ 93 ] During the “ No Surrender ” arch, the expatriate elder of the Universe Challenger revives Hulk to be his ace in the hole during a contest between his Black Order and Grandmaster ‘s Lethal Legion. Hulk participated since he knew that Earth will be destroyed either manner while his Bruce Banner suspects that Hulk ‘s revivals were a manifestation of Hulk ‘s immortality. While defeating Cannonball and Living Lightning, breaking Vision, and draining the da gamma department of energy out of Robert Maverick ‘s Hulk Plug-In, Wonder Man successfully reasoned with him as Hulk destroyed the Pyarmoid in Voyager ‘s possession. After feeling compunction for what happened, Bruce Banner became Hulk and faced off against Challenger. After Challenger sent Hulk into Earth ‘s sphere, Hulk was please that he managed to hurt Challenger. [ 94 ]
While maintaining a depleted profile, Bruce Banner was shot by Tommy Hill of the Dogs of Hell biker gang during a looting that besides claimed the lives of Sandy Brockhurst and Josh Alfaro. He came back to life and turned into Hulk where he badly beat up Tommy Hill. The witnesses in the Dogs of Hell told Detective Gloria Mayes of the attacker as she and reporter Jackie McGee have a misgiving that it was Hulk even though Banner is believed to be dead. [ 95 ] During the events of “ Absolute Carnage, ” the Venom Symbiote takes Bruce as its horde to fight Carnage. [ 96 ] Inside of Bruce ‘s thinker, Bruce converses with the Venom Symbiote as the early Hulk personalities such as Joe Fixit and Savage Hulk add their opinions about their current position. Devil Hulk ( in his more traditional-looking reptile form ) is against the symbiote ‘s presence in Bruce and says it should be removed immediately, saying they have more significant matters to deal with. In the end, Bruce, Joe Fixit, and Savage Hulk agree to collaborate with the Venom Symbiote and Devil Hulk storms off, saying they ‘re making a mistake. As Bruce states that the right to vote is three to one with two abstentions, he welcomes the Venom symbiote to the kin. [ 97 ]
option versions of Hulk
A number of alternate universes and alternate timelines in Marvel Comics publications allow writers to introduce variations on the Hulk, in which the quality ‘s origins, behavior, and morality differ from the mainstream jell. [ citation needed ] In some stories, person other than Bruce Banner is the Hulk. In some versions, the Hulk succumb to the dark side of his nature : in “ future Imperfect ” ( December 1992 ), a future interpretation of the Hulk has become the Maestro, the oppressive and pitiless rule of a nuclear war-irradiated earth, [ 98 ] and in “ Old Man Logan “ ( 2008 ), an harebrained Hulk rules over a post-apocalyptic California and leads a crowd of his connatural Hulk children created with his beginning cousin She-Hulk. [ 99 ] [ 100 ]
characterization
Like other durable characters, the Hulk ‘s character and cultural interpretations have changed with time, adding or modifying character traits. The Hulk is typically seen as a hulking man with green skin, haircloth, and eyes, wearing lone a couple of pluck imperial pants that survive his physical transformation as the fictional character progressed. As Bruce Banner, the character is about 5 ft 9 in ( 1.75 meter ) tall and weighs 128 pound ( 58.05 kilogram ), but when transformed into the Hulk, the character stands between 7 and 8 foot ( 2.13 – 2.43 thousand ) tall and weighs between 1,040 and 1,400 pound ( 471.73 – 635.02 kilogram ). The Gray Hulk stands 6 foot 6 in ( 1.98 m ) tall and weighs 900 pound ( 408.23 kilogram ) ; the Merged Hulk stands 7 foot 6 in ( 2.28 m ) tall and weighs 1,150 pound ( 521.63 kilogram ) ; the Green Scar stands 8 foot 8 in ( 2.64 meter ) tall and weighs 2,400 pound ( 1.08 long ton ). [ 101 ] The Immortal Hulk is roughly the same size as Sasquatch, standing about 9 or 10 foot ( 2.74 / 3.04 m ) improbable and weighing roughly 2,000 pound ( 907.18 kilogram ). Following his debut, Banner ‘s transformations were triggered at twilight, turning him into a grey-skinned Hulk. In Incredible Hulk # 2, the Hulk started to appear with greens skin, [ 102 ] and in Avengers # 3 ( 1963 ) Banner realized that his transformations were immediately triggered by surges of epinephrine in reception to feelings of fear, trouble or anger. [ 103 ] Incredible Hulk # 227 ( 1978 ) established that the Hulk ‘s discriminate personality was not ascribable to the mutant affecting his mind, but because Banner was suffering from multiple personality disorder, with the savage Green Hulk representing Banner ‘s repressed childhood fury and aggression, [ 104 ] and the Grey Hulk representing Banner ‘s pent-up selfish desires and urges. [ 105 ]
personality
Bruce Banner
During his decades of publication, Banner has been portrayed differently, but common themes persist. Banner, a physicist, is sarcastic and apparently very self-assured when he foremost appears in Incredible Hulk # 1, but is besides emotionally withdrawn. [ 3 ] Banner designed the da gamma turkey which caused his affliction, and the dry wind of his self-inflicted destine has been one of the most persistent common themes. [ 8 ] Arie Kaplan describes the character therefore : “ Robert Bruce Banner lives in a ceaseless submit of panic, always wary that the monster inside him will erupt, and consequently he ca n’t form meaningful bonds with anyone. ” [ 106 ] As a child, Banner ‘s father Brian frequently got delirious and physically abused both Banner and his mother, creating the psychological complex of fear, anger, and the reverence of anger and the destruction it can cause that underlies the character. Banner has been shown to be emotionally repressed, but adequate to of deep love for Betty Ross, and for solving problems posed to him. Under the write of Paul Jenkins, Banner was shown to be a capable fugitive, applying deductive argue and notice to figure out the events transpiring around him. On the occasions that Banner has controlled the Hulk ‘s body, he has applied principles of physics to problems and challenges and used deductive argue. It was shown after his ability to turn into the Hulk was taken away by the Red Hulk that Banner has been extremely versatile angstrom well as cunning when dealing with the many situations that followed. When he was concisely separated from the Hulk by Doom, Banner became criminally harebrained, driven by his desire to regain the power of the Hulk, but once the two recombined he came to accept that he was a better person with the Hulk to provide something for him to focus on controlling rather than allowing his intellectual to run without restraint against the worldly concern. [ 107 ]
loom
The original Hulk was shown as grey and average in intelligence who roamed aimlessly and became annoyed at “ puny ” humans who took him for a dangerous monster. shortly after becoming the Hulk, his transformation continued turning him green, coinciding with him beginning to display primitive actor’s line, [ 102 ] and by Incredible Hulk # 4 radiation treatments gave Banner ‘s heed complete master of the Hulk ‘s body. While Banner relished his indestructibility and world power, he was immediate to anger and more aggressive in his Hulk phase, and, while he became known as a hero alongside the Avengers, his increasing paranoia caused him to leave the group, believing he would never be trusted. [ 103 ] in the first place, the Hulk was shown as dim-witted and quick to anger. [ 108 ] The Hulk by and large divorces his identity from Banner ‘s, decrying Banner as “ puny Banner. ” [ 109 ] From his earliest stories, the Hulk has been concerned with finding chancel and calm [ 8 ] and often is shown reacting emotionally to situations quickly. Grest and Weinberg cry Hulk the “ dark, aboriginal side of Banner ‘s mind. ” [ 13 ] even in the earliest appearances, Hulk spoke in the third person. Hulk retains a humble intelligence, thinking and talking in full sentences, and Lee tied gives the Hulk expository dialogue in emergence # 6, allowing readers to learn just what capabilities Hulk has, when the Hulk says, “ But these muscles ai n’t equitable for show ! All I got tantalum do is spring up and merely keep goin ‘ ! ” In the 1970s, Hulk was shown as more prone to wrath and rage, and less chatty. Writers played with the nature of his transformations, [ 110 ] briefly giving Banner restraint over the variety, and the ability to maintain restraint of his Hulk kind. artistically and conceptually, the fictional character has become increasingly more brawny and potent in the years since his debut. [ 111 ] in the first place, Stan Lee wanted the Hulk to be grey, but, due to ink problems, Hulk ‘s color was changed to green. This was subsequently changed in the narrative to indicate that the Grey Hulk and the Savage Hulk are separate personalities or entities fighting for control in Bruce ‘s subconscious mind. The Grey Hulk incarnation can do the more unscrupulous things that Banner could not bring himself to do, with many sources comparing the Grey Hulk to the moody adolescent that Banner never allowed himself to be. While the Grey Hulk placid had the “ harebrained he gets, the stronger he gets ” region that is alike to the Savage Hulk, it is on a much slower rate. It is said by Leader that the Grey Hulk is stronger on nights of the new moon and fallible on nights of the full moon. originally, the night is when Bruce Banner becomes the Grey Hulk and changes back by dawn. In late comics, willpower or stress would have Banner turn into the Grey Hulk. [ 112 ] During one storyline where he was placed under a spell to prevent him turning back into Bruce Banner and publicly presumed dead when he was teleported away from a gamma bomb calorimeter explosion that destroyed an entire town, the Grey Hulk adopted a specific appoint as Joe Fixit, a security guard for a Las Vegas casino owner, [ 113 ] with the Grey Hulk frequently being referred to as Joe after these events. The Gravage Hulk is the result of Banner using the Gamma Projector on himself which merged his barbarous Hulk and Grey Hulk character. This form possesses the crude exponent of the Savage Hulk and the cunning mind of the Grey Hulk. While he does not draw on wrath to empower him, the Gravage Hulk character withdraw on dimensional nexus energies to increase his persuasiveness. [ 114 ] The Dark Hulk persona is the result of Hulk being possessed by Shanzar. This form has black skin and is viciously firm. [ 115 ] Convinced that unaided, the Banner, Green Hulk, and Grey Hulk identities would finally destroy each other, Doc Samson uses hypnosis to merge the three to create a new single identity combining Banner ‘s intelligence with the Grey Hulk ‘s and Banner ‘s attitudes and the Green Hulk ‘s body. This new Merged Hulk or Professor Hulk considered himself cured and began a new life, but the fusion was not perfective, and the Hulk sometimes even considered Banner a separate person, and when get the best with fad the Merged Hulk would transform back into Banner ‘s homo body while distillery thinking himself the Hulk. [ 105 ] The Merged Hulk is the largest of the three chief Hulk incarnations. While in a calm emotional state, the Merged Hulk is stronger than Savage Hulk when he is steady. Unlike the Savage Hulk and the Grey Hulk, Banner subconsciously installed a type of precaution within this embodiment. The safeguard is that when the Merged Hulk gets angry, he regresses rear to Banner with the beware of the Savage Hulk. [ 116 ] The Guilt Hulk is a malefic representation of Banner ‘s abusive church father, Brian Banner, that manifests itself in Banner ‘s childhood memories. [ 117 ] The Devil Hulk or Immortal Hulk is the consequence of the Hulk needing a father name. While the character ‘s physical appearance varies, he is constantly depicted as having glowing red eyes and reptilian traits. [ 118 ] The new human body of the Devil Hulk is the result of Banner and Hulk having been through unlike deaths and rebirths. This personification is articulated, smart, and clever, and does merciless attacks on those who do harm. Unlike the other Hulk incarnations, the Devil Hulk is contented with waiting inside Bruce. If Bruce is injured by sunset, the Devil Hulk will emerge with his transformation being limited to night-time. [ 95 ] Thanks to the Devil Hulk side and Banner working together, the Devil Hulk can maintain his shape in sunlight. [ 119 ] The Green Scar character is unleashed on Sakaar and is an enrage version of the Gravage Hulk. In addition, he is an technical in arm fight like the use of swords and shields. park Scar is besides a adequate to drawing card and an adept strategist. [ 120 ] Doc Green is a magnetic declination of the Merged Hulk character that is the result of Extremis fixing Hulk ‘s brain. This character is knock-down enough to destroy Tony Stark ‘s sign of the zodiac with one bombshell. [ 82 ]
Powers and abilities
Banner is considered one of the greatest scientific minds on Earth, possessing “ a mind so brainy it can not be measured on any known intelligence test. ” [ 121 ] Norman Osborn estimates that he is the fourthly most-intelligent person on Earth. [ 122 ] Banner holds expertness in biota, chemistry, engineering, medicine, physiology, and nuclear physics. Using this cognition, he creates advanced engineering dubbed “ Bannertech ”, which is on par with technical exploitation from Tony Stark or Doctor Doom. Some of these technologies include a military unit field that can protect him from the attacks of Hulk-level entities, and a teleporter. The Hulk possesses the electric potential for apparently unlimited forcible persuasiveness which is influenced by his emotional country, particularly his anger. [ 123 ] This has been reflected in the repeat gloss, “ The harebrained Hulk gets, the stronger Hulk gets. ” [ 124 ] The cosmically-powerful entity known as the Beyonder once analyzed the Hulk ‘s physiology, and claimed that the Hulk ‘s potential lastingness had “ no finite component inwardly. ” [ 125 ] Hulk ‘s potency has been depicted as sometimes limited by Banner ‘s subconscious mind influence ; when Jean Grey psionically “ shut Banner off ”, Hulk became strong enough to overpower and destroy the physical form of the villain Onslaught. [ 126 ] Writer Greg Pak described the Worldbreaker Hulk shown during World War Hulk as having a level of forcible power where “ Hulk was stronger than any mortal—and most immortals—who always walked the land ”, [ 127 ] and depicted the quality as mighty adequate to completely destroy entire planets. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] His strength allows him to leap into lower Earth orbit or across continents, [ 130 ] [ 131 ] and he has displayed superhuman rush. [ 132 ] [ 133 ] exposure to radiation has besides been shown to make the Hulk hard. [ 125 ] It is unknown how he gains biomass during transformation but it may be linked to the One-Below-All. His lastingness, positive feedback, and endurance besides increase in proportion to his temper. [ 134 ] Hulk is insubordinate to injury or damage, though the degree to which varies between interpretations, but he has withstood the equivalent of solar temperatures, [ 135 ] [ 136 ] nuclear explosions, [ 132 ] [ 137 ] [ 138 ] [ 139 ] and planet-shattering impacts. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] [ 140 ] [ 141 ] [ 142 ] Despite his noteworthy resilience, continuous barrages of high-caliber gunfire can hinder his movement to some degree while he can be temporarily subdued by intense attacks with chemical weapons such as anesthetic gases, although any interruption of such dosages will allow him to promptly recover. [ 143 ] He has been shown to have both regenerative and adaptive healing abilities, including growing tissues to allow him to breathe subaqueous, [ 144 ] surviving unprotected in space for extended periods, [ 145 ] and when injured, healing from most wounds within seconds, including, on one affair, the complete destruction of most of his body mass. [ 146 ] His future self, the “ Maestro ”, was even finally able to recover from being blown to pieces. [ 147 ] As an effect, he has an extremely drawn-out life. [ 148 ] [ 149 ] He besides possesses less normally report powers, including abilities allowing him to “ home in ” to his place of lineage in New Mexico ; [ 150 ] protest psychic control, [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] [ 154 ] or unwilling transformation ; [ 155 ] [ 156 ] [ 157 ] mature impregnable from radiation [ 128 ] [ 138 ] [ 139 ] [ 158 ] [ 159 ] or black charming ; [ 160 ] [ 161 ] punch his way between disjoined worldly [ 162 ] [ 163 ] or spatial [ 164 ] dimensions ; and to see and interact with stellar forms. [ 161 ] [ 165 ] Some of these abilities were in by and by years explained as being related ; his ability to home in on the New Mexico bomb calorimeter web site was due to his latent ability to sense stellar forms and spirits, since the fail web site was besides the home where the Maestro ‘s skeleton was and the Maestro ‘s spirit was calling out to him in order to absorb his radiotherapy. [ 147 ] In the first Hulk amusing series, “ massive ” doses of gamma rays would cause the Hulk to transform binding to Banner, although this ability was written out of the character by the 1970s. [ citation needed ]
Supporting characters
Over the long publication history of the Hulk ‘s adventures, many recurring characters have featured prominently, including his best acquaintance and buddy Rick Jones, love interest and wife Betty Ross and her church father, the frequently adversarial General “ Thunderbolt ” Ross. Both Banner and Hulk have families created in their respective personas. Banner is son to Brian, an abusive father who killed Banner ‘s mother while she tried to protect her son from his don ‘s delusional attacks, and cousin to Jennifer Walters, the She-Hulk, who serves as his frequent ally. [ 166 ] Banner had a stillborn child with Betty, while the Hulk has two sons with his dead person second gear wife Caiera Oldstrong, Skaar and Hiro-Kala, and his deoxyribonucleic acid was used to create a daughter named Lyra with Thundra the warrior woman. [ 167 ] The Fantastic Four # 12 ( March 1963 ), featured the Hulk ‘s first battle with the Thing. Although many early Hulk stories involve Ross trying to capture or destroy the Hulk, the main villain is much a radiation-based quality, like the Gargoyle or the Leader, along with other foes such as the Toad Men, or asian warlord General Fang. Ross ‘ daughter Betty loves Banner and criticizes her father for pursuing the Hulk. General Ross ‘ right valet, Major Glenn Talbot, besides loves Betty and is torn between pursuing Hulk and trying to gain Betty ‘s love more honorably. Rick Jones serves as the Hulk ‘s supporter and buddy in these early tales. The Hulk ‘s archenemies are the Abomination and the Leader. The Abomination is more monstrous-looking, twice a firm as the Hulk at normal levels ( however, the Abomination ‘s potency levels do not increase when he gets angry ) and wreaks havoc for fun and joy. The Leader is a super-genius who has tried design after design to take over the universe .
cultural impact
The Hulk character and the concepts behind it have been raised to the degree of iconic condition by many within and outside the comedian reserve industry. In 2003, Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine claimed the character had “ stood the test of time as a genuine icon of american start polish. ” [ 168 ] In 2008, the Hulk was listed as the 19th greatest comic book character by Wizard magazine. [ 169 ] Empire cartridge holder named him as the 14th-greatest comic-book fictional character and the fifth-greatest Marvel character. [ 170 ] In 2011, the Hulk placed No. 9 on IGN ‘s list of “ clear 100 Comic Book Heroes ”, [ 171 ] and fourth on their list of “ The top 50 Avengers ” in 2012. [ 172 ]
analysis
The Hulk is much viewed as a reaction to war. a well as being a reaction to the Cold War, the character has been a zero for the frustrations the Vietnam War raised, and Ang Lee said that the Iraq War influenced his focus. [ 13 ] [ 173 ] [ 174 ] In the Michael Nyman edited version of The Guardian, Stefanie Diekmann explored Marvel Comics ‘ reaction to the September 11 attacks. Diekmann discussed The Hulk ‘s appearance in the 9/11 tribute comic Heroes, claiming that his greater prominence, aboard Captain America, aided in “ stressing the association between anger and justify violence without having to depict anything more than a well-known and well-respected protagonist. ” [ 175 ] In Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World’s Greatest Comics, Les Daniels addresses the Hulk as an shape of cultural fears of radiation and nuclear skill. He quotes Jack Kirby therefore : “ a long as we ‘re experimenting with radiation, there ‘s no telling what may happen, or how much our advancements in skill may cost us. ” Daniels continues, “ The Hulk became Marvel ‘s most distressing shape of the perils built-in in the atomic senesce. ” [ 176 ] In Comic Book Nation, Bradford Wright alludes to Hulk ‘s counterculture status, referring to a 1965 Esquire magazine poll amongst college students which “ revealed that student radicals ranked Spider-Man and the Hulk alongside the likes of Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as their favorite rotatory icons. ” Wright goes on to cite examples of his anti-authority symbol status. Two of these are “ The Ballad of the Hulk ” by Jerry Jeff Walker, and the Rolling Stone screen for September 30, 1971, a broad color Herb Trimpe man commissioned for the magazine. [ 110 ] [ 177 ] The Hulk has been caricatured in such enliven television series as The Simpsons, [ 178 ] Robot Chicken, and Family Guy, [ 179 ] and such comedy television receiver series as The Young Ones. [ 180 ] The character is besides used as a cultural reference point charge for person displaying anger or agitation. For example, in a 2008 Daily Mirror reappraisal of an EastEnders episode, a character is described as going “ into incredible Hulk manner, smashing up his flatcar. ” [ 181 ] In September 2019, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson likened himself to The Hulk in an interview with the Mail On Sunday, as political coerce built on him to request an extension to the date of the UK ‘s coitus interruptus from the European Union. [ 182 ] [ 183 ] The Hulk, particularly his alter-ego Bruce Banner, is besides a common citation in rap music. The term was represented as an analogue to marijuana in Dr. Dre ‘s 2001, [ 184 ] while more conventional references are made in Ludacris and Jermaine Dupri ‘s popular single “ Welcome to Atlanta “. [ citation needed ] The 2003 Ang Lee -directed Hulk film saw discussion of the character ‘s attract to asian Americans. [ 185 ] The Taiwanese-born Ang Lee commented on the “ subcurrent of repression ” that underscored the character of The Hulk, and how that mirrored his own experience : “ Growing up, my aesthetic leanings were constantly repressed—there was always pressure to do something ‘useful, ‘ like being a doctor. ” Jeff Yang, writing for the San Francisco Chronicle, extended this self-identification to asian american culture, arguing that “ the passive-aggressive stripe runs deep among asian Americans—especially those who have entered creative careers, frequently against their parents ‘ wishes. ” [ 186 ] There have been explorations about the real-world possibility of Hulk ‘s gamma-radiation-based beginning. In The Science of Superheroes, Lois Grest and Robert Weinberg examined Hulk ‘s powers, explaining the scientific flaw in them. Most notably, they point out that the level of gamma radiation Banner is exposed to at the initial blast would induce radiation illness and kill him, or if not, create significant cancer risks for Banner, because hard radiation strips cells of their ability to affair. They go on to offer up an alternate lineage, in which a hulk might be created by biological experiment with adrenal glands and GFP. Charles Q. Choi from LiveScience.com farther explains that, unlike the Hulk, gamma rays are not greens ; existing as they do beyond the visible spectrum, da gamma rays have no color at all that we can describe. He besides explains that gamma rays are then herculean ( the most powerful human body of electromagnetic radiation and 10,000 times more potent than visible light ) that they can even convert energy into matter – a possible explanation for the increased mass that Bruce Banner takes on during transformations. “ just as the Incredible Hulk ‘is the strongest one there is, ‘ as he says himself, then besides are gamma-ray bursts the most herculean explosions known. ” [ 187 ]
early Marvel Comics characters called the Hulk
anterior to the introduction of the Hulk in May 1962, Marvel had earlier giant characters that used the list the “ Hulk ”, but had no direct relation .
- In Strange Tales #75 (June 1960), Albert Poole built an armor he called the Hulk. In modern-day reprints, the character’s name was changed to Grutan.[188]
- In Journey into Mystery #62 (Nov. 1960) was Xemnu the Living Hulk, a huge, furry alien monster went by the name of the Hulk.[189] Coincidentally, the character’s debut story was also illustrated by Jack Kirby. The character reappeared in issue #66 (March 1961). Since then the character has been a mainstay in the Marvel Universe, and was renamed Xemnu the Living Titan.[190]
- A huge, orange, slimy monster called the Hulk was featured in a movie titled The Hulk in Tales to Astonish #21 (July 1961). In modern-day reprints, the character’s name was changed to the Glop.[191]
In early media
reception
The Hulk was ranked # 1 on a list of Marvel Comics ‘ monster characters in 2015. [ 192 ]
See besides
References
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