Deventer - Wikipedia

City and municipality in Overijssel, Netherlands
This article is about the city in the Netherlands. For the unincorporated community in the United States, see Deventer, Missouri City and municipality in Overijssel, Netherlands
Deventer ( dutch : [ ˈdeːvəntər ] ( ) ; Sallaans : Daeventer ) is a city and municipality in the Salland historic region of the state of Overijssel, Netherlands. In 2020, Deventer had a population of 100,913. The city is largely situated on the east deposit of the river IJssel, but it besides has a little part of its district on the west bank. In 2005 the municipality of Bathmen ( with a population of about 5,000 people ) was merged with Deventer as partially of a national attempt to reduce bureaucracy in the state.

Reading: Deventer – Wikipedia

Deventer is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands. [ 4 ] The invest is already mentioned in 9th-century sources of the Diocese of Utrecht. In a charter from 877 AD mentions seven hooves in Daventre portu [ 5 ] ( the Deventer harbor ). In 952 AD, Deventer is mentioned as a city in a give certificate from King Otto I. [ 6 ] After the place had acquired more and more rights and privileges over time, it received the municipal lands from Emperor Henry V in 1123. This is considered by historians to be the moment of Deventer obtaining the city rights by the inhabitants. [ 7 ] The city has the oldest stone house, the oldest walk park and with the Athenaeum library besides the oldest scientific library in the Netherlands .

history [edit ]

initiation and development in the Middle Ages [edit ]

Deventer was credibly founded about 768 AD by the English missionary Lebuinus, who built a wooden church service on the east bank of the river IJssel. In January 772 AD the sack and cauterize of this church by a Saxon dispatch was the lawsuit for the inaugural punitive war waged by Charlemagne to the Saxons, in which, in retribution, the Irminsul ( the Saxon sacred tree, credibly near mod Paderborn ) was destroyed. This was not the first human settlement at the placement ; between 1981 and 2006, remains of a late Roman Iron Age village ( dated to c.300 AD ) were excavated at Colmschate, 4 kilometer east of the current city
The village of Deventer, already important because of a trade road crossing the river IJssel, was looted and burnt down by the Vikings in 882. It was immediately rebuild and fortified with an earthen wall ( in the street Stenen Wal remains of this wall have been excavated and restored ). Deventer received city rights in 956, after which fortifications were built or replaced by stone walls around the city for defense. between 1000 and 1500, Deventer grew to be a thrive deal city because of its harbor on the river IJssel, which was capable of accommodating large ships. The city finally joined the Hanseatic League. One of the commodities it traded in, dried haddock and collect from Norway, gave the citizens the nickname they carry to this day : “ Deventer Stokvis “ In the fifteenth century, Deventer had a common mint, where coins for the three IJssel cities Deventer, Zwolle, and Kampen were made. Deventer is the birthplace of Geert Groote and home to his Brethren of the Common Life, a school of religious think that influenced Thomas a Kempis and Erasmus in later times. in concert with Haarlem it was among the first gear cities to have printing presses, dating back to adenine early as 1477. From around 1300, it besides housed a latin School, which became internationally renowned, and remained in overhaul in changing forms until 1971. Its most well-known student was the learner Desiderius Erasmus, who was born in 1466 and attended the school from 1475 to 1484 .

16th–18th centuries [edit ]

Deventer in circa 1550 between 1500 and 1800, the volume of water flowing through the IJssel decreased, decreasing the importance of Deventer ‘s harbor. The contest with craft centres in Holland, angstrom well as the religious war between 1568 and 1648, brought a worsen in the city ‘s economy. In the eighteenth century, the iron diligence came to Deventer. East of the town, alleged “ oer ”, riversand containing iron, was found a early as 900. From this material, ore was produced and brought to township. The main road of the villages Okkenbroek, Lettele and Schalkhaar is however named Oerdijk ( Ore Dyke ) .

Modern times [edit ]

The early Binnen-Vispoort in the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth hundred, Deventer became an industrial town. Bicycles ( Burgers ), carpets ( Koninklijke Deventer Tapijtfabriek ), tins and cans for food and drinks ( Thomassen & Drijver ), cigars ( Horst & Maas en Bijdendijk & Ten Hove ), foundry and heavy machinery ( Nering Bögel ), and textiles ( Ankersmit ) [ 8 ] were produced until the mid to late twentieth century. Some of these industries are still thriving today, such as beds and accessories ( Auping ) and publishing ( Wolters Kluwer, now headquartered in Alphen aan hideout Rijn ) The city ‘s trade and industry is still of some importance. The city is host to a factory producing central heating systems, vitamin a well as Wolters Kluwer, a global information services and publishing company. The Deventer honey coat ( Bussink Deventer Koek ), produced in Deventer for over 500 years, is still manufactured locally and sold all over the Netherlands and beyond .

World War II [edit ]

A Bridge Too Far on location in Deventer, 1977 Shooting a scene fromon location in Deventer, 1977 Deventer has seen few military engagements throughout its long history, although it was a garrison city of the dutch cavalry. The IJssel bridge area and harbor were bombed heavily during World War II. The city center has been largely spar, but many Allied turkey, mean to shell the IJssel railway bridge, came down on buildings in the city center. The Deventer railroad track bridge was considered strategically important, being a part of the main railroad track joining between Amsterdam and the german city of Osnabrück, leading from there to either Berlin, Hamburg or Bremen. The railroad track bridge, constructed of steel, was difficult to hit. many bombs were bounced down into the river or its banks, exploding in the areas around the bridge or failing to explode at all. The three heaviest of about 15 attacks were on October 28, 1944, causing 35 mortalities, on December 15, 1944, killing 33 people, and on February 6, 1945, causing the death of 61 people. In the consequence of this last bombing, the german fill forces committed a war crime. The german army used a cool warehouse in Deventer for its military food supplies. In the city center, the retirement dwelling of the United Foundations, primitively dating back adenine far as the thirteenth hundred, caught ardor by the shellings, arsenic well as the army food warehouse. The Germans allowed local fire fighters only to extinguish the fire in the cool warehouse. The retirement home burnt down ampere good as wholly. Over twenty dollar bill of the aged surviving there perished in the flames. [ 9 ] The female jewish poet and writer Etty Hillesum lived in Deventer during the war before being deported to Auschwitz. In Schalkhaar, a greenwich village alone 2 kilometer northeast of the city center, barracks were used by the german fill forces to train nazi policemen. The compound is now a kernel for refuge seekers. In a forested area between Lettele and Okkenbroek, about 10 kilometres east of Deventer, the Germans operated a V-1 flying turkey launching ramp. It was used from December, 1944, until March, 1945. Some of the 400 buzz bomb missiles launched there hit already liberated Belgium, including the city of Antwerp, killing many people. A war memorial in the village of Lettele consists of concrete blocks from this launching locate, that is a war monument itself deoxyadenosine monophosphate good. [ 10 ] Deventer has been slightly democratic with the film industry. During the production of the 1977 movie A Bridge Too Far, all of the scenes taking set in nearby Arnhem were filmed in Deventer – as Arnhem itself had lost its historic concentrate. By the end of the 1950s, the buildings had reached the boundaries of the municipality. In 1960, for further expansion, the part of the municipality of Diepenveen was annexed that now covers the Keizerslanden, Borgele and Platvoet districts, all three realized in the 1960s ; all together roughly the sphere up to ( west of ) the Zandwetering. After a plan to expand the city across the IJssel, the alleged Double City Plan, was deemed impracticable at the end of the 1960s, Deventer turned its attention to the east again : in 1974 share of Diepenveen was once again annex. On January 1, 1999, the municipality of Diepenveen was dissolved and added to Deventer. The same happened with the municipality of Bathmen on 1 January 2005 .

Demographics [edit ]

Deventer has 101.378 Inhabitants on 1 july 2021 .

Inhabitants by nationality [edit ]

77,37% is Dutch
9,23% western migration background
13,4% non western migration background

geography [edit ]

Dutch Topographic function of Deventer ( city ), June 2014 Associated hamlets at irregular degree
Linde in Lettele old mill) Oude Molen ( The population centres in the municipality are :

Deventer (see below)
- Snippeling (a small community about 2 km east of the city centre)
- De Worp, the quarter west of the IJssel river
Colmschate (Deventer suburb quarters surrounding eponymous village 4 km east of the city centre, ice skating hall, small railway station)
- De Bannink
- Oxe
Diepenveen, a village 4 km to the north, surrounded by forest
- Molenbelt
- Rande
- Tjoene
Lettele, in a forest area
- Linde
- Oude Molen (old mill)
- Zandbelt
Okkenbroek
Schalkhaar (former centre of Diepenveen municipality including Lettele and Okkenbroek until 1999)
- Averlo
- Frieswijk
Bathmen (independent municipality until 2005)
- Apenhuizen
- Dortherhoek
- Loo
- Pieriksmars
- Zuidloo

climate [edit ]

Deventer are in the northerly hemisphere. summer starts here at the end of June and ends in September. There are the months of summer : June, July, August, September. Deventer experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate categorization Cfb ) similar to about all of the Netherlands .

Climate data for Deventer
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	5.3 (41.5)	6.3 (43.3)	9.6 (49.3)	14.1 (57.4)	17.8 (64.0)	20.5 (68.9)	22.4 (72.3)	21.8 (71.2)	18.8 (65.8)	14.3 (57.7)	9.3 (48.7)	6.0 (42.8)	13.8 (56.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	3.1 (37.6)	3.3 (37.9)	5.8 (42.4)	9.7 (49.5)	13.6 (56.5)	16.4 (61.5)	18.4 (65.1)	17.9 (64.2)	15.1 (59.2)	11.2 (52.2)	7.0 (44.6)	3.9 (39.0)	10.4 (50.7)
Average low °C (°F)	0.9 (33.6)	0.7 (33.3)	2.2 (36.0)	5.2 (41.4)	9.0 (48.2)	11.9 (53.4)	14.2 (57.6)	13.9 (57.0)	11.6 (52.9)	8.4 (47.1)	4.7 (40.5)	1.8 (35.2)	7.0 (44.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	71.0 (2.80)	58.0 (2.28)	60.0 (2.36)	55 (2.2)	67.0 (2.64)	74.0 (2.91)	86.0 (3.39)	83.0 (3.27)	70.0 (2.76)	66.0 (2.60)	66.0 (2.60)	74.0 (2.91)	830.0 (32.68)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	72.0	96.0	127.2	189.6	216.0	228.0	235.2	208.8	165.6	124.8	86.4	69.6	1,819.2
Source: Climate-Data.org [11]

water [edit ]

Floodplains near Deventer

acculturation [edit ]

Sights [edit ]

De Waag

The Waag (Weighing-house) on the edge of the Brink square, built in 1550 and restored in 2003. The Deventer City Museum is housed inside the Waag. The Museum’s collections include industrial and trading history, paintings by Gerard Terborch and Han van Meegeren, silver objects, and prehistoric findings). Thea Beckman’s novel Het wonder van Frieswijck (“The Frieswijck Miracle”) features the Waag.
- On the outer wall of the Waag hangs a large kettle that is over 500 years old, said to have been used for a public execution in the late Middle Ages; a man who had produced counterfeit coins was cooked to death in it. According to local tradition, there are holes in the kettle shot by footmen of Napoleon’s army around 1809.
The Saint Lebuïnuskerk (St. Lebuin’s Church) in Gothic style, with ceiling paintings and an organ. Its tower can be climbed in summer.
The Brink (market square) with houses, shops, and cafes dating from 1575 to 1900. The market square is also the centre of Deventer nightlife. Alongside this square there is the Bussink “Koekhuisje”, where you can buy Deventer Koek (honey-cake).[ note] Markets take place every Friday (including one on Good Friday, following a medieval tradition) and Saturday.
The Speelgoedmuseum (Toy Museum) behind the Waag, housed in an old house in the city
The medieval Bergkerk (Mountain Church), on top of a small hill (old river dune), now a museum for modern art.
The old streets around the Bergkerk, known as Bergkwartier (Mountain Quarter) situated on and around an old river dune.
The Stadsarchief en Athenaeumbibliotheek (City Archive and Athenaeum Library), the oldest scientific library of the Netherlands (founded in 1560).
De Proosdij in the Sandrasteeg is the oldest stone house of the Netherlands still in use. The earliest parts dating back to around 1130.

Sports [edit ]

Deventer is the home of master Football club Go Ahead Eagles, who are housed in stadium De Adelaarshorst. De Adelaarshorst is situated in a 1930s neighborhood and one of the oldest stadiums still in use today. [ citation needed ] The club was founded in 1902 as Be Quick, although the name was soon changed to Go Ahead at the request of the Dutch Football Association. The suffix Eagles was added in 1971, following a suggestion from the then coach, Barry Hughes. Go Ahead Eagles has been the club of Marc Overmars, Paul Bosvelt, and Bert van Marwijk, whilst providing Henk ten Cate and Leo Beenhakker with their first gear experience of management. The 1992 founded skating rink De Scheg, which is semi-indoor since 2011, is in the top 10 of fastest skating tracks of the Netherlands. [ citation needed ] It has been the train accommodation of skaters including Olympic supporter Mark Tuitert and the retire former worldly concern champion sprint Erben Wennemars. Deventer besides houses a issue of watersports clubs, due to its situation on the banks of the river IJssel .

Events and festivals [edit ]

In the first weekend of July, the city centre is the scene of the open air festival “Deventer op stelten” (Deventer on Stilts). Actors and artists give free performances in the streets and on the Brink square. All actors must use stilts during their acts.
In August, Deventer is home to Europe’s largest book fair, attracting 125,000 visitors.[12]
The Dickens Festival in December sees some of the oldest streets and alleys in the city dressed up in the style of the Victorian era. In 2018, the festival attracted 125,000 visitors.[13]

politics [edit ]

City Council [edit ]

Deventer City Hall In the redivision elections of November 17, 2004, a municipal executive was elected for the period 2005-2010. This municipal election was earlier than in the stay of the Netherlands, because the municipality of Deventer was merged with the then municipality of Bathmen. The March 2006 elections were consequently skipped. An write out that has occupied the municipal council and public opinion in Deventer since 2006 was the housing of municipal officials and public services in a ( new ) municipal position adjacent to the old town hall of Deventer. In 2009, the college fell over it. At the end of January 2012, the Municipal Executive approved an adapt design for the raw city position by architect Michiel Riedijk. however, a ‘popular poll ‘ by telephone two weeks by and by would have shown that entirely 13 % of the population of Deventer supported the plans. On March 21 that year, a large majority of the city council voted in favor of the municipal office. In October 2013, the Council of State ruledpositive about the arrival of the municipal office, after objections were raised. On December 6 of that class, the official orifice act for construction was performed. In December 2015, the complex was completed and municipal staff moved in. In November 2017, the architect received the Abe Bonnema Prize for the blueprint .

education [edit ]

Deventer is besides home to one of the three campuses of Saxion University of Applied Sciences ( Saxion Hogeschool ), a polytechnical educate offering internationally recognized Bachelor ‘s degrees and Master ‘s degrees in a wide range of fields, including mastermind, economics, social work, investigations and health care. [ 14 ] The early campuses are located in Enschede and Apeldoorn. In 1912 the Secondary Colonial Agricultural School was founded, which grew out of the National Agricultural School Wageningen. After decolonization took consequence, the appoint was changed into Tropical Agricultural School. In 1957 the school was transformed into the National Higher School for Tropical Agriculture. After a amalgamation with sketch programs from Boskoop, Wageningen and Velp, it became the International Agricultural College Larenstein. The school was located at the Ceintuurbaan/Brinkgreverweg overlap. The construction was given a residential finish in 2018 .

transportation [edit ]

fulminate [edit ]

Since 1989, Deventer has two educate stations, Deventer railway post and Deventer Colmschate station. previously, Deventer has known several alleged discontinue points. Most of them closed around 1920. In addition to the stream rail connections from Deventer train place, over the Arnhem–Leeuwarden railroad track, Apeldoorn–Deventer railway, and Deventer–Almelo railroad track lines, a trail joining existed from 1910 to 1935 on the Deventer–Ommen railway line. This was operated by the Overijsselsche Lokaalspoorweg-Maatschappij Deventer – Ommen ( OLDO ), but had to stop the train serve due to competition from the bus .

Public transport [edit ]

A busbar station in Deventer In the 19th and twentieth centuries, Deventer was connected to the across-the-board tramway net of the Achterhoek. The streetcar line between Deventer and Borculo was operated from 1885 to 1944 by the Geldersch-Overijsselsche Stoomtram Maatschappij ( GOSM ) and its successors. Another tram company, the Tramweg Maatschappij Zutphen-Emmerik, operated the tram cable between Deventer and Zutphen. The streetcar post of Deventer stood on the Pothoofd. It was not combined with Deventer train station because the trams were excessively heavy to drive over two intercede bridges. It seemed unprofitable for the streetcar company to reinforce two bridges, so they used the Pothoofd as a concluding place. After the second World War, the streetcar lines were dismantled. Since the end of 2020, bus enchant has been provided by Keolis Nederland under the name RRReis, with the exception of the lines from the Achterhoek, which are provided by Arriva .