Town in Bavaria, Germany
Nördlingen ( german : [ ˈnœʁt.lɪŋ.ən ] ( ) ) is a town in the Donau-Ries zone, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 19,190. It is located approximately 115 km ( 71 security service ) east of Stuttgart, and 145 kilometer ( 90 myocardial infarction ) northwest of Munich. It was built in a 15 million year old & 25 kilometer diameter broad impingement crater—the Nördlinger Ries —of a meteorite which hit with an estimated speed of 70,000 km/h, and left the area riddled with an estimated 72,000 tons of micro-diamonds. [ 3 ] Nördlingen was beginning mentioned in read history in 898, and in 1998 the town celebrated its 1100th anniversary. The town was the localization of two battles during the Thirty Years ‘ War, which took plaza between 1618 and 1648. today it is one of alone three towns in Germany that calm have completely entire city walls, the other two being Rothenburg obstetrics five hundred Tauber and Dinkelsbühl. Another attraction in the town is Saint George ‘s Church ‘s 90-metre ( 300 foot ) steeple, called “ Daniel ”, which is made of a suevite impingement breccia that contains shock quartz glass. other celebrated buildings are the town hallway ( which dates to the thirteenth hundred ), St. Salvator church and the Spital, a former medieval hospital. The Ries crater museum is located in the well-preserved chivalric tanners ‘ quarter.

The city is home to several other museums, such as the Bavarian Railway Museum, the Nördlingen city museum ( Stadtmuseum ), the city wall museum ( Stadtmauermuseum ) and Augenblick museum. The latter has panoramas, magic trick lanterns, mum films, barrel organs, pianolas, music boxes and gramophones. Nördlingen is besides known for the Scharlachrennen ( Scarlet Race ), a knight slipstream tournament that was beginning mentioned in 1463. Since World War II, it has expanded to include eventing, derail and dressage. The American film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) shows a view of Nördlingen in the concluding aerial scenery. The fabricated township “ Shiganshina ”, from the laud zanzibar copal series Attack on Titan, is inspired by Nördlingen. The series was first released on japanese television on April 7, 2013. It had a viewership of 210,000 people when it was released on ProSieben MAXX on german television receiver .

history [edit ]

prehistory and celtic menstruation [edit ]

The Large Ofnet, one of the earliest sites with evidence of human inhabitancy in the Nördlingen area. Finds in the Ofnet Caves near the city indicate that the locate of contemporary Nördlingen was already inhabited in the late Palaeolithic. In the Large Ofnet, in 1908 archeologist R. R. Schmidt found two dished pits in which human skulls were lying “ like eggs in flat baskets ”. [ 4 ] In the larger pit were 27 skulls and in the other there were 6 skulls. [ 5 ] The skulls were arranged concentrically with their faces turned towards the plant sunlight. [ 5 ] They were all covered with a midst level of red ocher. [ 5 ] The skulls have been dated to the seventh millennium BC. [ 6 ] In the sphere around Nördlingen, extra sites dating to about all of the subsequent prehistoric epochs have been discovered. peculiarly important was an area on the eastern edge of the zone Baldingen, where settlements have been found belonging to the Neolithic Linear Pottery culture, the Bronze Age Urnfield culture, and the Celtic Iron Age Hallstatt and La Tène cultures .

Roman Empire [edit ]

The area which includes contemporary Nördlingen was contribution of the Roman province of Raetia, [ 7 ] but fiddling inquiry has been conducted on the city ‘s Roman period. A Roman villa has been excavated in the zone of Holheim, and can be visited today. Another villa with an adjoining burial land has been identified in the Baldingen zone. A settlement ( vicus ), built in 85 C.E., occupied the southerly part of the city until 259–260 C.E., when it was destroyed during the conquest of what is now southerly Germany by the Germanic-speaking Alemanni tribe. The Roman settlement may have been the one known as Septemiacum, which is supposed to have been built between 80-300 C.E., [ 8 ] although it is possible that this detail settlement was actually located at a different site such as Oberdorf, [ 9 ] leaving the name of the settlement at Nördlingen changeable .

Middle Ages [edit ]

The Alemannic people occupied the Nördlingen area during the 6th and 7th centuries C.E., during which time the region was gradually Christianized under the Merovingian dynasty, and several burying grounds from this period have been discovered. The identify “ Nordilinga ” is beginning found in documents of the Carolingian royal court dating from 898 C.E., and the city today celebrates this as the date of its “ foundation ”. Under the rule of the Bishops of Regensburg, Nördlingen grew into an authoritative market town. In 1215, Nördlingen was granted city rights by Emperor Frederick II and became imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. In that year, the first gear city wall was built, whose floor plan is hush visible today. In a document dating to 1219, the Nördlinger Pfingstmesse ( “ Nördlinger carnival ” ) was beginning mentioned, an event which continues as a family festival in the city to the stage day. Thanks to Nördlingen ‘s location at the crossroads of two major craft routes ( Frankfurt / Würzburg-Augsburg and Nuremberg-Ulm ), became an significant trading center for grain, livestock, textiles, furs, and alloy goods. Besides Frankfurt, Nördlingen was one of the most significant long-distance trade fairs in the region. In 1238, a fire destroyed much of Nördlingen, but the city promptly recovered. Three generations late, a bombastic number of craftsmen, specially tanners and weavers, settled outside the city walls. In 1327 the contemporary circular rampart was built, which increased the size of the wall fortune of the city quadruple. 1427 saw the start of construction on St. George ‘s Church. In the class 1472 the lawsuit against the whorehouse owners Linhardt Freiermuth and his wife Barbara Taschenfeind are recorded in the woo records of the city. The starting point of the trial was the bang of force miscarriage on the prostitute Els von Eystett. The court convicted the owners and banished the conserve from the city. His wife was branded on the frontal bone and pilloried. The 40 parchment pages in the city archive of Nördlingen for this trial give a alone insight into the conditions of a whorehouse in this time period .

early modern period [edit ]

1744 function of the County of Oettingen, with Nördlingen and its exclaves in the center, coloured violet . The fortress walls of Nördlingen are well preserved. In 1529, the city was part of the Protestation at Speyer, which sought to allow the unimpeded spread of the Protestant Reformation. In 1555, the Reformation in Nördlingen was ultimately completed. In 1579, Mayor Peter Seng ( 1512–1589 ) signed the Lutheran Formula of Concord. The enchantress trials in the early modern period in Nördlingen have been well documented. between 1589 and 1598, 34 women and one man were burned at the stake for the crime of witchcraft, and one codefendant midwife, Barbara Lierheimer, died while in hands. The trials of Maria Holl and Rebecca Lemp became specially well-known. [ 10 ] In 1589, Pastor Wilhelm Friedrich Lutz delivered sermons against the radical enchantress persecution of Nördlingen City Council, prior to the Council ‘s execution of the first base allege witches in May 1590. One of the three women executed in that year was a carter ‘s daughter, Ursula Haider, who was arrested on 8 November 1589 and burned on 15 May 1590. The trial of Ursula Haider was by described by Ulrike Haß in her book Teufelstanz. It is frequently said that in 1604 a shortened and simplified adaptation of William Shakespeare ‘s Romeo and Juliet was performed in Nördlingen and that this was one of the first performances of any shakespearian looseness outside England. [ 11 ] In fact, the players applied to perform but were denied by the local authorities and were compensated for their efforts. [ 12 ] Nördlingen served as the site of two historic battles, and marked a turning point in the Thirty Years ‘ War. In the first Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, the swedish Protestant forces were decisively defeated for the first time by the imperial Habsburg troops. The city was compelled to open its gates to the victors, but was not plundered by the victorious troops after senior high school reparations payments. however, during and after the siege, the city lost more than half of its population due to hunger and illness. This was exacerbated by the second Battle of Nördlingen in 1645, and it would not be until 1939 that Nördlingen regained the population it had in 1618. In the early eighteenth hundred, during the War of the spanish Succession, the city was further affected by the affect of nearby battles of Höchstädt. The wars forced deal to shift to the seaports, and as a result, Nördlingen lost its importance as a trade center. In share due to this forced economic stand, Nördlingen ‘s medieval cityscape remained well preserved. As a leave of the german mediatization, in 1803 Nördlingen lost its condition as an imperial city and became part of the Electorate of Bavaria, which had occupied the city in September 1802 in prediction of the rule. On January 1, 1806, Bavaria ‘s Elector declared himself king, formally changing the Electorate of Bavaria into the Kingdom of Bavaria, which seceded from the Holy Roman Empire the following August .

modern period [edit ]

“ small planet ” view of Nördlingen On May 15th 1849, Nördlingen was connected to the network of the Royal Bavarian State Railways. In that like class, the first rail lines opened to Nuremberg. A third railway connection, under the leadership of the Royal Württemberg State Railways, was opened on 3 October 1863 to Aalen.

During the second World War, a total of 33 people were killed in and around Nördlingen by air raids conducted in the leap of 1945. The educate place and several houses were destroyed, and St. George ‘s Church was sternly damaged. however, most of the historic district of the city was spared. In 1945, Nördlingen became part of the american occupation zone of Allied-occupied Germany. The United States military set up a preempt persons ( DP ) clique in the city. The camp was oversee by UNRRA and housed approximately 500 DPs, largely from Latvia and Lithuania. More than 4,500 people settled permanently in Nördlingen after the war. Since the Middle Ages, jewish families have resided in Nördlingen. They buried their dead in the jewish cemetery on Nähermemminger Way, and a synagogue was built in 1885. The synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis during the November pogrom of 1938, and this is commemorated by a plaque on today ‘s Protestant parish hall. In 1979, a memorial stone was erected in the jewish cemetery commemorating jewish victims of the Holocaust. In the path of the municipal reorganization of Bavaria, Nördlingen lost its condition as a city on July 1, 1972 and was incorporated into the newly formed zone Nördlingen-Donauwörth, which received its current list, Donau-Ries, on May 1, 1973 .

Mayors [edit ]

List of Nördlingen mayors since 1914
Name Term of office
Wilhelm Brunco 1914–1916
Otto Mainer 1916–1927
Wilhelm Hausmann 1927–1939
Heinrich Schulz 1939–1941
Eugen Einberger 1941–1944
Paul Söldner 1945–1946
Josef Feil 1946–1948
Johannes Weinberger 1948–1964
Hermann Keßler 1964–1982
Paul Kling 1982–2006
Hermann Faul 2006–2020
David Wittner 2020–

economy [edit ]

crucial companies in Nördlingen are :

  • Strenesse – fashion
  • C.H. Beck – book publisher
  • Varta – battery manufacturer
  • Maierbier – brewery

Nördlingen has a station on the Ries Railway, which is served hourly on weekdays .

sport [edit ]

The local sports club, the TSV 1861 Nördlingen, has a very successful basketball department with the men ‘s and the women ‘s team both in the Basketball Bundesliga. The club football team is traditionally the strongest side in northern Swabia. Its most successful former actor is Gerd Müller, who was born and raised in Nördlingen. Its stadium was renamed in his honor in 2008 .

Impact diamonds [edit ]

stone buildings in the town hold millions of bantam diamonds, all less than 0.2 millimeter ( 0.008 in ) across. The meteorite impact — from a 1 km-wide ( 0.6 mi ) asteroid — that caused the Nördlinger Ries volcanic crater created an estimated 72000 tons of these bantam diamonds when it impacted a local graphite deposit. rock from this area was belated quarried and used to build the stone buildings. [ 3 ]
Panorama of Nördlingen from the Daniel

In movies [edit ]

aeriform scenes at the end of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory were filmed here. Shiganshina District layout and computer architecture from zanzibar copal and manga series Attack on Titan was based on this Nördlingen .

Twin towns – sister cities [edit ]

Nördlingen is twinned with : [ 13 ]

celebrated people [edit ]

Albrecht Adam, c. 1850

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]

far reading [edit ]

  • Emsley, John (2001). NATURE’S BUILDING BLOCKS. Oxford University Press, pp. 99. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
  • Baier, Johannes (2007): Die Ausfwurfprodukte des Ries-Impakts, Deutschland, ‘in Documenta Naturae, Vol. 162, München. ISBN 978-3-86544-162-1
  • Baier, Johannes (2008): Zur Herkunft der Suevit-Grundmasse des Ries-Impakt Kraters, in Documenta Naturae, Vol. 172, München. ISSN 0723-8428
  • Theodor Heuss: Reiz biedermeierhafter Idylle. Besuch in Nördlingen. In: Die romantische Straße. Merian, 7. Jg., Heft 12/1954, S. 34–41.
  • Wolfgang Kootz (Text), Willi Sauer, Ulrich Strauch u. a. (Fotos): Nördlingen im Ries an der Romantischen Straße, Stadtführer mit 90 Farbbildern, Kraichgau Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-929228-47-2.
  • Dietlof Reiche: Der Bleisiegelfälscher. Beltz & Gelberg, 1998, ISBN 978-3-407-78781-1 (Historischer Roman, ausgezeichnet mit dem Kinder- und Jugendbuchpreis der Stadt Oldenburg 1977 und mit dem Deutschen Jugendbuchpreis 1978. In diesem Jugendbuch wird die mittelalterliche Situation der Nördlinger Lodenweber sehr eingehend beschrieben.)
  • Dietlof Reiche: Die Hexenakte. Carl Hanser, 2007, ISBN 978-3-446-20860-5; dtv, 2009, ISBN 978-3-423-62387-2 (Historischer Roman (Jugendroman) zur Hexenverbrennung und -verfolgung in Nördlingen; beruht auf der Geschichte Reiches eigener Vorfahrin).
  • VII. 90/2: Bernd Vollmar, Georg Paula, Catharina Kociumaka: Stadt Nördlingen, mit Beiträgen von Wolfgang Czysz, Hanns Dietrich, Gerhard Ongyerth und Dietmar-H. Voges und Aufnahmen von Vera Sohnle. Photohaus Finck, Dieter Komma, 1998, ISBN 3-87490-578-0.
  • Wolfgang Wüst: Wider Gotteslästerung, Unkeuschheit, Ehebruch, Neid, Hass und Aufruhr – Policey und Zucht in Nördlingen im Jahre 1542/43. In: Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben (=ZHVS) 109 (2017), ISBN 978-3-95786-110-8, S. 167–187.
  • Gustav Adolf Zipperer: Wege durchs Ries. Ein Wanderführer. Fränkisch-Schwäbischer Heimatverlag, Donauwörth 1975.