Wikipedia

Ballgame-team sport, random variable of association football
Futsal is a football -based game, variation of minifootball played on a heavily court, smaller than a football pitch, and chiefly indoors. It has similarities to five-a-side football and indoor soccer. [ 2 ] Futsal is played between two teams of five players each, one of whom is the goalkeeper. Unlimited substitutions are permitted. Unlike some early forms of indoor soccer, the game is played on a hard woo surface marked by lines ; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is played with a smaller, harder, low-bounce ball than soccer. [ 3 ] The airfoil, ball and rules together favour ball control and pass in humble spaces. [ 4 ] The game ‘s emphasis is “ on extemporization, creativity and proficiency. ” [ 5 ]

Naming [edit ]

Futsal comes from spanish fútbol sala or fútbol de salón and from portuguese futebol de salão and may be translated as “ indoor football ”. During the sport ‘s second global championships held in Madrid in 1985, the spanish name fútbol sala was used. The World Futsal Association registered the name futsal in 1985, following a quarrel with FIFA over the name fútbol. Since then futsal has become the officially and internationally accepted list, and FIFA has besides started using the term futsal.

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history [edit ]

Origins [edit ]

“ Futsal ” started in 1930 when Juan Carlos Ceriani, a teacher in Montevideo, Uruguay, created a translation of indoor football for refreshment in YMCAs. [ citation needed ] This new sport was originally developed for playing on basketball courts [ 6 ] and a rule book was published in September 1933. [ citation needed ] Association football ( soccer ) was already highly democratic in the area and after Uruguay won the 1930 World Cup and gold medals in the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics, it attracted even more practitioners. Ceriani ‘s goal was to create a team game that could be played indoor or outdoor but that was similar to football. Ceriani, writing the rule book, took as examples the principles of association football ( the possibility to touch the ball with every part of the body except for the hands ), and he took rules from early sports besides : from basketball the number of team players ( five ) and the game duration ( 40 actual minutes ) ; from water polo the rules about the goalkeeper ; from team handball for the field and goal sizes. The YMCA spread the game immediately throughout South America. It was well played by everyone, everywhere, and in any upwind condition, without any difficulty, helping players to stay in shape all year round. These reasons convinced João Lotufo, a brazilian, to bring this game to his state and adapt it to the needs of physical education. [ citation needed ] initially, the rules were not uniform. In 1956, the rules were modified by Habib Maphuz and Luiz Gonzaga de Oliveira Fernandes within the YMCA of São Paulo, Brazil, to allow seniors to compete. [ citation needed ] Luiz de Oliveira wrote the Book of Rules of Fuitsal in 1956, then adopted besides at the external degree. In 1965, the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol de Salón [ platinum ] ( confederacy american Futsal Confederation ) was formed, consisting of Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, Argentina and Brazil. curtly after, a unique tournament was organized. It attracted some interest in South american media, which regularly began to follow futsal. In especial, it was the diarist José Antônio Inglêz who passionately contributed to the rapid spread of the game, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as being credited as the serviceman who coined the name “ futsal ” to define the sport. [ citation needed ] The most accompanied futsal pit in history was played on 7 September 2014 on Mane Garrincha Stadium in Brazil ‘s capital Brasilia between Brazil and Argentina in movement of 56,483 spectators. [ 7 ]

Governing bodies [edit ]

The two most important governing bodies of futsal are the Asociación Mundial de Fútsal ( AMF ) and Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ). AMF is the successor organization to the original governing body. FIFA late took an interest in futsal. however, talks between FIFA and AMF to reconcile administration were not successful. FIFA organizes its own separate competitions. The International Futsal Alliance ( IFA ) is a partnership of countries formed to offer high quality futsal tournaments throughout the world. It sees itself as accessory preferably than competing with FIFA. Its membership spans countries from North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. several tournaments have been organized under the auspices of IFA, including a world cup for men held in 2019 and one for women held in 2017. [ 8 ]

Rules [edit ]

There are presently two governing bodies : Asociación Mundial de Fútsal ( AMF ) and Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) which are creditworthy for maintaining and regulating the official rules of their respective versions of futsal. FIFA publishes its futsal rules as the ‘Laws of the Game ‘, in which each of the 17 ‘laws ‘ is a thematically refer solicitation of individual regulations. The laws define all aspects of the game, including what may be changed to suit local competitions and leagues. [ 9 ] many of the laws are similar or identical to those found in association football, or reference point association football in their absence ( such as a section noting that there is no offside misdemeanor in futsal. )

Summary of rules [edit ]

Length of the field[10]: minimum 25 m × 16 m (82 ft × 52 ft), maximum 42 m × 25 m (138 ft × 82 ft).
Ball: Ages 13 and up: Size 4, circumference 62–64 cm (24–25 in), weight between 400–440 g (14–16 oz) at the start of the game.; Ages 9–13: Size 3, circumference 56–59 cm (22–23 in), weight between 350–380 g (12–13 oz) at the start of the game.[11]; Dropped from a height of 2 m (6 ft 7 in), the first rebound must not be lower than 50 cm (20 in) or more than 65 cm (26 in).[12]; The ideal futsal ball should weight 390–490 grams.[13]
Time: There are two periods of 20 minutes with time stopping at every dead ball. Between the two periods there is a break of 15 minutes. Each team may use one time-out per half, which lasts one minute. Some leagues and tournaments use 25 minute periods with running time.
Number of players: There are five players for each team in the field, one of them as goalkeeper, and a maximum number of 12 players that can be used each match. Substitutions are unlimited and on-the-fly.
Fouls: All direct free kicks count as accumulated fouls. A direct free kick is awarded for kicking, tripping, charging, jumping, pushing, striking, tackling, holding, spitting, and deliberate handling. Indirect free kicks, such as playing dangerously and impeding, do not count as accumulated fouls. A team is warned by the referee when they commit five accumulated fouls in a half.
Cards: A caution can be shown for unsporting behavior, dissent, failure to respect the distance on a restart, excessive delay of a restart, persistent infringement, or incorrectly entering/leaving the field of play. A player or substitute can be sent off for serious foul play, violent conduct, spitting, illegally denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, abusive language, and receiving a second caution. Sent-off players are ejected from the game and their team must play short for two minutes or until the other team scores a goal.
Free kicks: Taken from the spot of the infringement or on the line of the penalty area nearest the infringement (indirect only). All opponents must be at least 5 m (16 ft) away from the ball. The kick must be taken within four seconds or an indirect kick is awarded to the other team.
Kick from the second penalty mark: Awarded when a team commits 6 or more accumulated fouls in a half. Second penalty mark is 10 m (33 ft) from the goal, opponents must be behind the ball, goalkeeper must be at least 5 m (16 ft) away.
Penalty kick: 6 m (20 ft) from the center of the goal for fouls inside the 6 m (20 ft) goal keeper’s area.
Goalkeeper: When in possession of the ball, the goalkeeper has 4 seconds to get rid of the ball. If the ball is kept too long, the referee will give an indirect kick to the other team. The goalkeeper may play freely when in the opponent’s half.
Goalkeeper pass-back restriction: Once the goalkeeper has released the ball either by kicking or throwing, the goalkeeper may not touch it again until the ball goes out of play or is touched by an opponent. The sanction for violation is an indirect free kick. The goalkeeper may receive the ball freely when on the opponent’s half.
Kick-in: A kick-in is used instead of a throw-in. The player must place the ball on the touchline or outside but not more than 25 cm (9.8 in) from the place the ball when out of play. The ball must be stationary and the kick-in must be taken within 4 seconds from the time the player is ready. During kick-in, opponents must stand at least 5 m (16 ft) from the ball. If four seconds elapses or an illegal kick is taken, the referee will award a kick-in to the other team. It is not allowed to score directly from a kick-in: the goal is valid only if someone else touches the ball before it enters in goal.
Goal clearance: A goal clearance is used instead of a goal kick. The goalkeeper must throw the ball with their hands and it must leave the penalty area within four seconds. If goal clearance is taken illegally the goalkeeper may retry, but the referee will not reset the count. If four seconds elapses, the other team gets an indirect kick on the penalty area line.
Corner kick: The ball must be placed inside the arc nearest to the point where the ball crossed the goal line and the opponent must stand on field at least 5 m (16 ft) from the corner arch until the ball is in play. The corner kick must be taken within 4 seconds of being ready or else a goal clearance will be awarded to the other team. The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.
Referees: For international matches, there must be two referees: one (first referee) is positioned on the touchline near the timekeeper table and communicates with the timekeeper, while the other (second referee) is in the opposite side of the field. At the timekeeper table there is a timekeeper and a third referee, who controls the teams’ benches. In minor events, the third referees and the timekeeper are not used.

Players, equipment and officials [edit ]

There are five players on the field on each team, one of whom is the goalkeeper. The maximal number of substitutes allowed is nine ( FIFA change 2012 ), with unlimited substitutions during the match. Substitutes can come on evening when the testis is in play but the player coming off must leave the field before the substitute can enter the play field. [ 14 ] If a team has or is reduced to fewer than three players remaining, the match is abandoned and counted as a loss for the team with the lack of players. [ 15 ] The kit out is made up of a new jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shinguards made out of metallic, formative or foam, and shoes with rubber soles. The goalkeeper is allowed to wear long trousers and a different bleached kit to distinguish themself from the other players on the team and the reviewer. The goalkeeper is besides allowed to wear elbow pads because the surface is about arsenic intemperate as a tennis court or basketball court. Jewellery is not allowed, nor are other items that could be dangerous to the player wearing the item or to other active participants. [ 16 ] The match is controlled by the referee, who enforces the Laws of the Game, and the beginning referee is the lone one who can legally abandon the catch because of noise from outside the field. This reviewer is assisted by a second referee who typically watches over the finish lines or assists the primary referee with calls on clog or plays. The decisions made by the referees are final examination and can only be changed if the referees think it is necessary and play has not restarted. [ 17 ] There is besides a third referee and a timekeeper who are provided with equipment to keep a phonograph record of fouls in the match. In the event of injury to the second referee, the third referee will replace the second base reviewer. [ 18 ]

The field [edit ]

A futsal field The field is made up of wood or artificial material, or alike surface, although any flat, smooth and non-abrasive material may be used. The distance of the sphere is in the range of 38–42 molarity ( 125–138 foot ), and the width is in the range of 20–25 megabyte ( 66–82 foot ) in international matches. For other matches, it can be 25–42 meter ( 82–138 foot ) in distance, while the width can be 16–25 megabyte ( 52–82 foot ), american samoa long as the length of the longer boundary lines ( touchlines ) are greater than the inadequate boundaries where the goals are placed ( goal lines ) ( Basketball courts of 28 m × 15 thousand ( 92 foot × 49 foot ) can be used ). The “ standard ” size court for an international is 40 molarity × 20 meter ( 131 foot × 66 foot ) ( the size of a handball field ). [ 19 ] The ceiling must be at least 4 m ( 13 foot ) high. [ 20 ] A rectangular goal is positioned at the middle of each goal line. The inner edges of the upright goal posts must be 3 thousand ( 9.8 foot ) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must be 2 thousand ( 6.6 foot ) above the ground. Nets made of hemp, jute or nylon are attached to the back of the goalposts and crossbar. The lower separate of the nets is attached to curved tube or another desirable mean of hold. The astuteness of the goal is 80 centimeter ( 31 in ) at the peak and 1 megabyte ( 3.3 foot ) at the bottom. [ 21 ]
A futsal sphere in Tokyo In front of each finish is an area known as the penalty area. This area is created by drawing quarter-circles with a 6 megabyte ( 20 foot ) radius from the goal pipeline, centered on the goalposts. The upper berth separate of each quadrant is then joined by a 3.16 thousand ( 10.4 foot ) credit line running parallel to the goal line between the goalposts. The line marking the edge of the penalty area is known as the punishment area line. [ 22 ] The punishment sphere marks where the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball with hands. The penalty scar is six metres from the goal line when it reaches the middle of the goalposts. The second penalty score is 10 metres ( 33 foot ) from the goal line when it reaches the center of the goalposts. A penalty recoil from the penalty touch is awarded if a actor commits a cruddy inside the penalty area. [ 23 ] The second punishment spot is used if a player commits their team ‘s sixth foul in the opposing team ‘s half or in their own half in the area bordered by the halfway line and an complex number credit line latitude to the halfway trace passing through the second penalty mark ; the absolve kick is taken from the second penalty mark. [ 24 ] Any standard team handball field can be used for futsal, including goals and floor markings .

duration and tie-breaking methods [edit ]

A standard match consists of two equal periods of 20 minutes. The length of either one-half is extended to allow penalty kicks to be taken or a send dislodge kick to be taken against a team that has committed more than five fouls. The interval between the two halves can not exceed 15 minutes. [ 25 ] In some competitions, the game can not end in a disembowel, so away goals, extra time and kicks from the punishment grade are the three methods for determining the achiever after a meet has been drawn. Away goals mean that if the team ‘s seduce is level after playing one home and one away game, the team which has scored more away goals wins. supernumerary time consists of two periods of five minutes. If no winner is produced after these methods, three kicks from the penalty marker are taken, and the team that has scored the most wins. If it is not decided after three kicks from the penalty chump, it continues to go on with one extra bang from the punishment mark to each team at a time until one of them has scored more goals than the other. Unlike supernumerary time, the goals scored in a shoot-out do not count towards the goals scored throughout the match. [ 26 ]

The start and resume of bet [edit ]

At the beginning of the match, a coin chuck is used to decide who will start the catch. A kick-off is used to signal the begin of play and is used at the begin of the second half and any periods of extra time. It is besides used after a goal has been scored, with the other team starting the play. [ 27 ] After a temp stop for any rationality not mentioned in the Laws of the Game, the referee will drop the ball where the play was stopped, provided that, before the arrest, the ball was in play and had not crossed either the affect lines or finish lines. [ 28 ] If the ball goes over the finish line or touchline, hits the ceiling, or the bring is stopped by the reviewer, the ball is out of play. If it hits the ceiling of an indoor arena, play is restarted with a kick-in to the opponents of the team that last touched the testis, under the set where it hit the ceiling. [ 20 ]

miss of offside rule [edit ]

Unlike football, there is no offside predominate in futsal. Attackers can get much closer to the goal than they can in the traditional outdoor interpretation of football .

mismanage [edit ]

Players are cautioned with a scandalmongering calling card and sent off with a loss circuit board. A direct release kick can be awarded to the opposing team if a actor succeeds or attempts to kick or trip an adversary, jumps, charges or pushes an opponent, or strikes or attempts to strike an opponent. Holding, touching or spitting at an opponent are offenses that are worthy of a conduct free kick, as are sliding in to play the ball while an opponent is playing it or carrying, striking or throwing the ball ( except the goalkeeper ). These are all roll up foul. The direct free bang is taken where the violation occurred, unless it is awarded to the defending team in their punishment area, in which character the free kick back may be taken from anywhere inside the penalty area. [ 29 ] A penalty complain is awarded if a player commits one of the foul that are desirable of a mastermind free kick inside their own penalty area. The put of the musket ball does not matter equally long as it is in play but for a penalty complain, the ball must be on the out wrinkle, perpendicular to the center of the final. [ 30 ] An collateral unblock gripe is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper clears the ball but then touches it with their hands before anyone else, if the goalkeeper controls the ball with hands when it has been kicked to them by a teammate, or if they touch or control the musket ball with hands or feet in their own half for more than four seconds. [ 30 ] An indirect exempt kick back is besides awarded to the opposing team if a player plays in a dangerous manner, intentionally obstructs an opposition, prevents the goalkeeper from throwing the ball with hands or anything else for which play is stopped to caution or dismiss a player. The indirect barren recoil is taken from the target where the violation occurred. [ 30 ] yellow and red cards are used in futsal. The yellow poster is to caution players over their actions. If they get two, they are given a red card, which means they are sent off the field. A yellow tease is shown if a actor shows unsporting behaviour, protest, persistent misdemeanor of the Laws of the Game, delaying the restart of play, failing to respect the distance of the player from the ball when play is being restarted, violation of substitution routine or enter, re-enter and leaving the field without the referee ‘s permission. [ 31 ] A player is shown the red wag and sent off if they engage in serious disgusting play, violent lead, spitting at another person, or denying the opposing team a finish by handling the ball ( except the goalkeeper inside their penalty sphere ). besides penal with a crimson batting order is denying an opposition moving towards the musician ‘s goal a goalscoring opportunity by committing an crime penal by a complimentary kick or a penalty recoil and using dysphemistic, diss or abusive lyric or gestures. [ 31 ] A musician who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the field. [ citation needed ] A substitute player is permitted to come on two minutes after a teammate has been sent off, unless a goal is scored before the end of the two minutes. If a team with more players scores against a team with fewer players, another actor can be added to the team with an inferior number of players. If the teams are equal when the goal is scored or if the team with fewer players scores, both teams remain with the same number of players. [ citation needed ]

World rank [edit ]

man [edit ]

There is presently no official futsal ranking.
As of 9 April 2021, the top 25 teams according to one Elo -based ranking organization are : [ 32 ]

[ 33 ] Calculate function

P=P_{\text{Old}}+n(r-r_{e})

where :

POld: team’s point before the match
n : the importance coefficient
- 60 for World Cup finals;
- 50 for continental championship finals and major intercontinental tournaments;
- 40 for World Cup and continental qualifiers and major tournaments;
- 30 for all other tournaments;
- 20 for friendly matches.
r: Result of the match
- 1 for a winning.
- 0.5 for a drawing.
- 0 for a losing.
re : the expected result of the match:

r_{e}={\frac {1}{10^{-dR/400}+1}}

where dR is the difference between two teams’ ratings before the game.

Women [edit ]

As of 11 March 2020, according to a rank based partially on the ELO system, the exceed 10 teams are : [ 34 ]

Team

Points

Brazil

6,068

Spain

5,909

Portugal

5,817

Russia

5,700

Italy

5,599

Colombia

5,552

Argentina

5,529

Iran

5,526

Ukraine

5,508

Japan

5,443

Competitions [edit ]

National team competitions [edit ]

man [edit ]

Women [edit ]

Club competitions [edit ]

Discontinued competitions [edit ]

FIFA competitions [edit ]

man [edit ]

International [edit ]

Continental ( major ) [edit ]

World University Futsal Championship [edit ]

man ‘s
Women ‘s
^n/a A round-robin tournament determined the final standings .

China International Futsal Tournament [edit ]

CFA Futsal International Tournaments – Changshu Story
^n/a A round-robin tournament determined the final examination standings. Hangzhou International Futsal Tournament Story

Year

Host

Final

Third Place Match

Winners

Score

Runners-Up

3rd Place

Score

4th Place

2009
Details

China

Netherlands

Japan

Iran

China