Algorithmic censoring [edit ]
Online censoring by Facebook of algorithmic forms raises concerns including the surveillance of all instantaneous communications and the use of machine learning systems with the potential for errors and biases. [ 8 ] Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook ‘s CEO and majority stockholder, published a memo on censoring. “ What should be the limits to what people can express ? ” he asked. “ What content should be distributed and what should be blocked ? Who should decide these policies and make enforcement decisions ? ” [ 9 ]
censoring by country [edit ]
Austria [edit ]
Like France and Germany, Austria has laws prohibiting Holocaust abnegation. This caused 78 Facebook posts to be banned from the nation in 2013. [ 10 ]
Reading: Censorship of Facebook
Bangladesh [edit ]
Bangladesh ( like Iran, China and North Korea ) had banned Facebook before – the Bangladeshi prohibition operated for a light time period of time. [ when? ] The Awami League -led government of Bangladesh announced a countrywide ban on Facebook and early social-network websites. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina ( in office from 2009 ) proposed the constitution of an Internet monitor committee with the avail of Bangladesh ‘s intelligence services. rightist political parties and groups in Bangladesh protested against bloggers and others they had considered “ blasphemous ” at the prison term of the proposal. Extremists in the state had murdered eight secularists, including atheist blogger Ahmed Rajib Haider, who was fatally stabbed in February 2013. National riots over the area ‘s war-crimes trials resulted in the deaths of 56 people between 19 January 2013 and 2 March 2013. On 18 November 2015 the lapp Awami League government banned Facebook again on the evening of the final opinion of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami drawing card Ali Ahsan Muhammad Mujahid and Bangladesh Nationalist Party drawing card Salauddin Kader Chowdhury. Both the politicians and previous minister have been issued a death prison term by the War Criminals Tribunal and the reappraisal display panel of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh has ultimately given their judgment in favor of the previously given one. The bangladesh government lifted the ban on 20 December 2015 .
China [edit ]
In China, Facebook was blocked following the July 2009 Ürümqi riots because protesters from the East Turkestan Independence were using Facebook as character of their communications network to organize attacks across the city, and Facebook denied giving the information of the protestors. [ 11 ] Some chinese users besides believed that Facebook would not succeed in China after Google China ‘s problems. [ 12 ] Renren ( once Xiaonei ) has many features like to Facebook, and complies with PRC Government regulations regarding content trickle. As of 20 August 2013, there have been reports of Facebook being partially unblocked in China. [ 13 ] however, according to the “ Blocked in China ” web site, Facebook is still blocked as of 7 December 2019. [ 14 ] Facebook is not blocked in Hong Kong and Macau, which are extra administrative regions operating under different systems. Facebook is presently working on a censoring visualize for China, where a third party would be allowed to regulate on Facebook and control popular stories that come round. This would be a huge try on Facebook to get back into China. [ 15 ] On 6 July 2020, Facebook announced that the company would stop reviewing requests from Hong Kong for user data while the companies evaluated Hong Kong national security law imposed by the chinese government. [ 16 ]
egypt [edit ]
Facebook in Egypt was blocked for a few days in Egypt during the 2011 egyptian protests. [ 17 ]
France [edit ]
Like Austria and Germany, France has laws prohibiting Holocaust defense. Because of this, 80 Facebook posts were blocked in 2013. [ 10 ]
Germany [edit ]
In July 2011, authorities in Germany began to discuss the prohibition of events organized on Facebook. The decision is based on numerous cases of overcrowding by people who were not in the first place invited. [ 18 ] In one exemplify, 1,600 “ guests ” attended the 16th birthday party for a female child in Hamburg who unintentionally posted the invitation for the event as populace. After reports of overcrowding, more than a hundred police were deployed for crowd control. A police policeman was injured and football team participants were arrested for assault, property wrong and immunity to authorities. [ 19 ] In another by chance overcrowd event, 41 young people were arrested and at least 16 hurt. [ 20 ] In 2013, Facebook revealed Germany had blocked 84 posts from its citizens. These posts contained themes of Holocaust denial, which is illegal there. [ 10 ] In 2015, during the European migrant crisis with large numbers of immigrants entering the country unregulated, a broad discussion about the problems of batch immigration and politics of the actual politics took plaza in social media. early in 2016, a Bertelsmann company called “ Arvato “ was mandated to erase comments and contents from Facebook. [ 21 ] In the summer of 2016, patrol in fourteen german states began coordinated raids on the residences of individuals who praised the Nazi government or referred to refugees as “ trash ” in a private Facebook group. [ 22 ] A law known as NetzDG went into effect starting in 2018 which mandates all websites in Germany, including Facebook, censor such illegal subject. [ 23 ] A spokesperson for Facebook announced the company ‘s opposition to the law on the grounds that it would lead to overblocking. [ 24 ]
Greece [edit ]
In February 2021 Facebook deleted posts and events, [ 25 ] imposed 30-day bans on outstanding journalists and members of the general public, [ 26 ] for posting in solidarity to the 63 year erstwhile convict Dimitris Koufodinas who is on hunger strike since the 8th of January 2021. Koufodinas is serving life sentence, after having been convicted as a extremity of the far-left Revolutionary Organization 17 November ( 17N ), committing 11 murders in that time. He has been demanding to be returned to Korydallos prison for months with a long hunger hit against new inhibitory laws. [ 27 ]
India [edit ]
The first prison term Facebook shared how much it allows governments to censor their citizens ‘ contentedness, they stated India had censored 4,765 posts in their state in the survive six months of 2013. Facebook removed these posts in India under the politics ‘s claim of improper message. [ 10 ] India imposed a three-day ban on Facebook and other sociable media sites during the riots in Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh after the conviction of Baba Ram Rahim Singh. [ 28 ] Censorship on Facebook increased by 19 % in 6 months in 2014 ; India led the number of content removal in 2014 .
indonesia [edit ]
indonesian citizens are already familiar with Facebook censoring. It started in 2019 when the politics through the ministry of information Rusdiantara made a menace to ban social network. [ 29 ] soon after the agreement made, the first base public known about censoring is on the demonstration that campaigned as riots by government, possibly this is the first-ever plot twist used on demonstration using social media. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] The latest on 2020, Facebook censored “ FPI ” post about. The escalation is in December 2020 when there are 6 civilians killed on purported attach by Police. As soon Police made a wardrobe acquittance about resistance it doubted by the populace as self-defense routine. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Independent analyst showed the public doubt on Police fact statement in social media post interactions. [ 34 ] The populace publish of human-right crime and extra judicial killing action. NGO ‘s recommend government to form mugwump investigator to observe this issue. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ]
iran [edit ]
After the 2009 election in Iran, the web site was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the web site. [ 3 ] however, after four years of the block of Facebook web site, as of September 2013, the block of both Twitter and Facebook was thought to have been lifted without notification. [ 39 ] Iranians lost unrestricted access to Facebook and Twitter the adjacent day, leaving many people wondering whether the opening was careful or the solution of some technical bug. [ 40 ]
Israel [edit ]
In September 2016, the Cabinet of Israel has said to have agreed with Facebook to remove subject that is deemed as provocation. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] [ 43 ] Israel has one of the most openly cooperative relationships with Facebook and the Israeli Justice Ministry boasted that Facebook had removed 95 percentage of its requested contented. [ 44 ] This announcement came after top Facebook officials met with the israeli government to determine which Facebook accounts should be deleted on the grounds that they constituted as incitement. The Israeli interior minister ‘s office has said that they agreed with Facebook representatives to create teams that would figure out how best to monitor and remove “ inflammatory content ” on-line. Ahead of municipal elections in 2018, Israel ‘s National Cyber Directorate has stated that Facebook was banning “ thousands ” of accounts ahead of the elections. Critics of Israel ‘s policies are not happy with this go as they claim this is being used as a way to silence outspoken palestinian civilians, activists and journalists. The activists argue that when they post material mean to critique the occupation, Israel sees it as encouraging ferocity. [ 45 ] Some believe that the israeli government and Facebook have an “ informal musical arrangement ” for monitoring Facebook contented. Jordana Cutler, who previously was the Chief of Staff at the Israel Embassy in Washington DC and a erstwhile adviser to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is Facebook ‘s head of policy in Israel. She claimed that Facebook is merely following suggestions. “ We receive requests from the government but are not committed to them, ” Cutler said. [ 44 ]
nauru [edit ]
In 2015, Nauru permanently blocked sites set up for “ abusive message ” such as child pornography and would temporarily block some sites like Facebook. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ] Despite controversy surrounding the ban, the President Baron Waqa defended it. [ 49 ] In 2018, the prohibition on Facebook in Nauru was lifted. [ 50 ]
North Korea [edit ]
In April 2016, North Korea started blocking Facebook, “ a go underscoring its concern with the circulate of on-line data, ” according to The Associated Press. Anyone who tries to access it without special permission from the north korean politics, will be subject to punishment. [ 5 ]
malaysia [edit ]
Facebook was blocked for a few days in Malaysia during the 2011 egyptian protests. [ 17 ]
mauritius [edit ]
The Information and Communication Technologies Authority ( ICTA ) of Mauritius, ordered internet military service providers of the country to ban Facebook on immediate effect, on the 8 November 2007 because of a bogus profile page of the Prime Minister. Access to Facebook was restored on the future sidereal day. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ]
morocco [edit ]
On 5 February 2008, Fouad Mourtada, a citizen of Morocco, was arrested for 43 days due to the alleged creation of a talk through one’s hat Facebook visibility of Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco. [ 54 ] [ 55 ]
myanmar [edit ]
On 4 February 2021, access to Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram were restricted on multiple internet providers in Myanmar following the 2021 Myanmar coup d’état. [ 56 ] Facebook ‘s common attempts of not following and challenging the local anesthetic laws and politics lead to the stream censoring block. The censoring might remain forever and be replaced by like social media ‘s which will abide the local laws.
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pakistan [edit ]
On 19 May 2010, Lahore High Court ordered Facebook to be blocked. Facebook was blocked until 31 May 2010 after a contest foliate encouraged users to post drawings of Mohammad. The controversial page named “ Draw Mohammad Day ” had been created by a Facebook exploiter in response to American cartoonist Molly Noris ‘s protest to the decision of US television receiver channel, Comedy Central to cancel an episode of the popular show “ South Park ” over its delineation of Mohammed. [ 57 ] Noris had however disavowed having declared 20 May “ Draw Muhammad Day ” and had condemned the attempt and issued an apology. The prohibition, implemented by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, besides resulted in a banish on YouTube and restricted entree to other websites, including Wikipedia. [ 58 ] On 25 November 2017, the NetBlocks internet closure observatory and Digital Rights Foundation collected tell of nationally stop of Facebook alongside other sociable media services, imposed by the government in reaction to the crimson Tehreek-e-Labaik protests. [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] The technical probe found that all major Pakistani fixed-line and mobile serve providers were affected by the restrictions, which were lifted by the PTA the future day when protests abated following the resignation of Minister for Law and Justice Zahid Hamid. [ 62 ] early websites including Twitter, YouTube and Dailymotion were besides reportedly blocked by ordain of the PTA. [ 63 ]
russia [edit ]
In 2014, Russia demanded that all links on Facebook be blocked that supported russian opposition Aleksei A. Navalny. Facebook users were blocked from any protest supporting Aleksei. [ 64 ] This included about ten million Facebook users. [ 65 ]
Solomon Islands [edit ]
In November 2020, Solomon Islands ‘ Cabinet planned to block access to Facebook in the country in answer to a lack of national legislation on internet custom and cybercrime. [ 66 ] The motion to block it was started by the prime minister Manasseh Sogavare and communication and civil air travel minister Peter Agovaka. [ 67 ] In January 2021, the proposed ban did not go ahead. [ 68 ] [ 69 ]
Sri Lanka [edit ]
In March 2018, Facebook was blocked for 3 days in Sri Lanka due to racial hate speeches being rumored around the state via the social media which caused many riots in the nation by extremist groups. however this decision was not permanent. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] On 21 April 2019, Facebook was blocked along with other social media sites until 30 April 2019 in Sri Lanka to prevent the false information about Easter Sunday bombings spreading around the area via the social media. [ 72 ] [ 73 ] On 5 May 2019, the Sri Lankan government has reimposed a ban on sociable media platforms in an campaign to stop the spread of rumor after violence erupted between groups of civilians in Negombo, north of the capital and web site of one of the Easter Sunday bombings. [ 74 ] The ban was lifted on 6 May 2019. [ 75 ] On 13 May 2019, the Sri Lankan government temporarily banned social media including Facebook. This measuring stick has been taken owing to the faithlessly propaganda carried out by the social media and the unrest which had occurred in respective areas. [ 76 ] The prohibition was lifted on 17 May 2019. [ 77 ]
sudan [edit ]
In December 2018, the sudanese government blocked Facebook, along with other sociable media sites, which were being used by anti-government protesters to organize protests against President Omar al-Bashir. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] [ 80 ] The restrictions were lifted 68 days belated following the introduction of emergency measures outlawing populace demonstrations. [ 78 ] [ 81 ]
Syria [edit ]
The syrian politics explained their bachelor of arts in nursing by claiming the web site promoted attacks on authorities. [ 82 ] [ 83 ] The government besides feared Israeli percolation of syrian social networks on Facebook. [ 82 ] Facebook was besides used by syrian citizens to criticize the government of Syria, as public criticism of the syrian government used to be penal by imprisonment. [ 82 ] In February 2011, Facebook was un-blocked from all ISP ‘s and the web site remains to be accessible. [ 84 ]
tajikistan [edit ]
In November 2012, Tajikistan blocked access to Facebook in reception to comments posted on-line, spreading “ mud and aspersion ” about President Emomalii Rahmon and diverse other officials. [ 85 ]
thailand [edit ]
In 2017, Thailand asked Facebook to remove 309 post items that were said to be illegal by standards of Thailand. however, Facebook only deleted 178 of the items, leaving 131 still on Facebook. Thai authorities stated if they found any illegal message in the remaining 131 posts they would ban all 14.8 million users from Facebook, alternatively of taking legal action. All posts ended up being removed from Facebook, preventing the closure of Facebook in Thailand. [ 86 ] On 24 August 2020, after being pressured by Thai government, Facebook blocked access in Thailand from people in Thailand to “ Royalist Marketplace ”, a private Monarchy discussion group created by Pavin Chachavalpongpun that has over one million members. In answer, Pavin has created a fresh group immediately and gained more than 500,000 members in one day. [ 87 ] [ 88 ] A Facebook spokesperson stated, “ Requests like this are hard, conflict international homo rights law, and have a chilling effect on people ‘s ability to express themselves … We work to protect and defend the rights of all internet users and are preparing to legally challenge this request. ” [ 89 ]
tunisia [edit ]
Facebook was a major part of the political uprisings of the ‘ Arab Spring ’ in 2011. [ 90 ]
turkey [edit ]
After photos of Mehmet Selim Kiraz being held at gun degree by two terrorists began circulation on social media on 6 April 2015, the turkish government banned Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and 166 other websites in the country for hours. The government does not tolerate “ anti-government propaganda, ” and their laws are becoming increasingly more nonindulgent. In the 2015 Press Freedom Index from Reporters Without Borders, Turkey ranked 149 of 180 countries. [ 91 ] Facebook was blocked on 27 February 2020 at 23:30, along with respective other sociable media sites. It happened the day that the military crisis in Idlib escalated. [ 92 ]
United Kingdom [edit ]
In the United Kingdom on 28 April 2011, the day before the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, a numeral of politically motivated Facebook groups and pages were removed or suspended from the web site as part of a nationally crackdown on political activity. The groups and pages were largely concerned with opposition to government spending cuts, and many were used to organize demonstrations in a continuance of the 2010 UK scholar protests. [ 93 ] [ 94 ] [ 95 ] The censoring of the pages coincided with a series of preemptive arrests of know activists. [ 96 ] Amongst the arrestees were a communist and socialistic, and a few members of a street field group planning an effigy decapitation performance in enemy to the monarchy. [ 97 ] A Facebook spokesman said the pages were disabled as region of a everyday sweep because they were created with fudge personal profiles, a violation of the party ‘s term of serve. In this casing a phone number of the Facebook personal profile pages represented causes, rather than veridical people. Facebook “ offered to help convert the profiles to pages that are designed to represent companies, groups or causes. ” [ 95 ] The spokesman went on to say that “ the Met Police did not ask Facebook to take down this content. ” [ 94 ] In March 2018, reactionary Britain First was removed by Facebook. The pages of the leaders of the party were besides taken down following their arrest and captivity .
United States [edit ]
Facebook along with other social media platforms deleted and banned respective accounts belonging to Republicans and right-wingers who stormed the Capitol on 6th of January 2021 and besides banned the sit and outgoing President of United States of America Donald Trump for 2 years from using its platforms. [ 98 ] Facebook has been accused of using any pretext to ban posters of cautious comment, or threaten the habit of such bans to intimidate such posters. [ 99 ]
Vietnam [edit ]
Facebook was blocked in Vietnam for two weeks in May 2016 due to protest of dissidents. [ 100 ] Vietnam Facebook users total about 52 million and is a critical tool for their day to day use. however, the government is not accountable to the people which causes mistreat of censoring in Vietnam. [ 101 ] In 2018, the government created a huge military unit of measurement to block posts containing “ faulty views ” on-line. To appease the government, Facebook removed 160 “ toxic ” accounts for actor’s line against the Communist Party in 2017. [ 102 ]
See besides [edit ]
References [edit ]
Read more: Wikipedia