Football league
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The 3. Liga [ a ] is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the german football league organization, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga. The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. [ 1 ] In Germany, the 3. Liga is besides the highest division that a club ‘s modesty team can play in .
history [edit ]
For more details on this topic, see History of German football In January 2006, the discussion was made about a reorganization of the amateur leagues and the establishment of a single-track “ 3. Bundesliga ”. The aim of the reform was to create a great performance density for the foundation of the 2. Bundesliga with better patronize and development opportunities for talented players. In addition, better market of the third base division should be achieved. A fierce dispute broke out in the run-up to the decision scheduled for September 2006 at the DFB-Bundestag about the engagement of second base teams in the first gear and second division. After the U23 teams of the professional clubs were initially not supposed to take part in the newly created league for reasons of distortion of contest and low attendance, respective Bundesliga clubs demanded, an unrestricted good to participate. ultimately, a compromise was worked out that initially only allowed four-second substitutes to play in the chancellor season of the one-third division. [ 2 ] On 8 September 2006, the introduction of the single-track 3. Liga was finally decided at an extraordinary DFB Bundestag. Half of the clubs from the existing Regionalliga North and South were able to qualify for the premiere season, plus four relegate teams from the 2. Bundesliga. The german Football Association, the DFB, announced the geological formation of the 3. Liga. It was in the first place anticipated that the league ‘s diagnose would be 3. Bundesliga, but the DFB chose 3. Liga alternatively, as the league will be directly administered by the DFB, not by the german Football League DFL ( Deutsche Fußball Liga ) who runs both Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. [ 3 ] On 10 April 2008, the DFB presented the logo for the new division to the public. [ 4 ] In contrast to the presentation of the 2. Liga in 1974 or the unite of the north and south seasons to form the single-track 2. Bundesliga for the 1981–82 temper, there was no multi-year evaluation when determining the participants for the first season of the new 3. Liga. It was alone the performance of the teams in the stipulate period of the Regionalliga relays were athletically qualified for the 3. Liga. In addition, there were four 2. Liga relegated teams in the 2007–08 season. The Regionalliga players who were not qualified for the raw division after completing the admission march competed in the new three-pronged one-fourth division Regionalliga, provided they were granted a license for this. [ 5 ] The first match of the 3. Liga was played on 25 July 2008 between Rot-Weiß Erfurt and Dynamo Dresden at the Steigerwaldstadion in Erfurt. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1–0, with Halil Savran scoring the entirely goal in the closing stages of the first gear half. The first goal scorer in the 3. Liga was Halil Savran and the first postpone drawing card was SC Paderborn 07. The first gear champions of the 3. Liga were 1. FC Union Berlin on 9 May 2009, who received the eight-and-a-half-kilogram silver championship trophy. [ 6 ] In the 2018–19 season, four relegated teams were determined for the first base time in the history of the 3. Liga, [ 7 ] and for the first-time unconstipated Monday games took place. [ 8 ] Furthermore, for the first base time no U23 team from a higher-class club was able to qualify for the league. With the relegation of the last establish extremity of the 3. Liga, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, in the preseason, for the beginning fourth dimension, no team that been function of the league without pause took part in the game. In addition, at the begin of the 2018–19 season, the DFB and Adidas signed a partner contract that would run until the end of the 2021–22 season, according to which the party provides a uniform equal ball ; in all previous seasons each baseball club had its own ball patronize. The beginning ball provided by Adidas for all the clubhouse was the Telstar 18, which was besides used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. [ 9 ] For the 2019–20 season, as in the two national leagues, warnings for cabaret officials were introduced in the kind of cards. On the thirteenth match day, the DFB expanded the rule by an addition – as with players, club officials are threatened with pause of more than one game and yellow circuit board suspensions after being sent off after being checked by the competent authority. [ 10 ] In watch of the ball-shaped COVID-19 pandemic, gaming operations had to be temporarily suspended after 27 match days on 11 March 2020 and finally wholly ceased on 16 March ; the measure was initially valid until 30 April 2020. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] On 3 April, the DFB announced extensive changes to the game rules as a result. Among early things, it was potential to carry out seasonal operations beyond 30 June 2020, so the keep up temper was opened subsequently than the design time. ultimately, the concluding game day took identify on 4 July 2020. In accession, a potential application to open insolvency proceedings within the 2019–20 temper would no long have resulted in a indicate deduction, in the trace season only three points would be deducted alternatively of the common nine ; from the 2021–22 season onwards, the usual regulation should apply again. [ 13 ] On 21 May, it was decided to resume game operations on 30 May, and the DFB and DFL had worked out a hygiene concept for all three leagues with the avail of the “ Task Force Sports Medicine/Special Game Operations ”. [ 14 ] In parallel to the two national leagues, the DFB increased the substitutions quota per team from three to five player for the 3. Liga until the end of the season, and the third-highest german division was not allowed be played in movement of spectators. [ 15 ] While little numbers of spectators are allowed from the start of the 2020–21 season under certain conditions, it was decided in an inner league survey to limit the substitution contingent to three players again .
fiscal situation [edit ]
From its foundation in 2008 to 2013, the league operated at a fiscal personnel casualty, with a record deficit of €20.9 million in 2012–13. The 2013–14 season saw the league make a profit for the beginning time, of €4.9 million. The league earned €164.5 million, well behind the two Bundesligas above it, but besides well ahead of other professional sports leagues in Germany. The Deutsche Eishockey Liga followed with €106.1 million and the Basketball Bundesliga and Handball-Bundesliga were each around the €90 million mark. [ 16 ] This makes it the third-most economically successful professional league in all german sports. [ 17 ]
Clubs [edit ]
Since the establishment of the 3. Liga in 2008, a sum of 60 clubs have played in this division. In the 2020–21 season, SC Verl, Türkgücü München and VfB Lübeck were represented in the league for the first time. The last golf club that has been in the 3. Liga without interruption since it was founded in 2008 is FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, which was relegated in 2018. The longest continuous club play in the league is SV Wehen Wiesbaden, which from 2009 until its promotion to the 2. Liga in 2019, played in the 3. Liga for 10 years and besides leads the all-time postpone. The golf club that have remained the longest at the consequence are FC Hansa Rostock and Hallescher FC, which have remained in the division since 2012. the clubs with the presently most – ten – seasons in the 2. Liga are Sv Wehen Wiesbaden and SpVgg Unterhaching. Members of the 2020–21 3. Liga
Stadiums 2020–21 [edit ]
Grünwalder Stadion München
Rudolf-Harbig-Stadion Dresden
Carl-Benz-Stadion Mannheim
Ostseestadion Rostock
Lohmühle Lübeck
Fritz-Walter-Stadion Kaiserslautern
structure [edit ]
Since the foremost season in 2008–09, 20 teams have been playing for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga. The first two teams are promoted directly, the third in the table has to play for promotion in two playoffs in the delegating against the third gear from the bottom of the 2. Bundesliga. The three ( from the 2018–19 temper four [ 18 ] ) last-placed teams will be relegated to the fourth-class Regionalliga and will be replaced by four ( until 2018–19 three ) promoted teams from the Regionalligas. The four best teams in the league qualify for the DFB-Pokal. The teams which are not modesty teams of Bundesliga teams among the 20 teams in the league compete for forwarding to the 2. Bundesliga, while the four bottom teams are relegated to one of the five Regionalligen : Regionalliga Nord, Regionalliga Nordost, Regionalliga West, Regionalliga Südwest, and Regionalliga Bayern. Until 2018, three were relegated. If, however, a reserve team is playing in the 3. Liga and the respective beginning team is relegated to the 3. Liga, the reserve team will be demoted to the fifth-level Oberliga regardless of its league position, because reserve teams of 3. Liga clubs are ineligible to play in the Regionalliga .
Qualifying for the 3. Liga [edit ]
At the end of the 2007–08 season, the two best non- reserve teams from each of the two divisions of the Regionalliga were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga. The team ranked third to tenth in both Regionalliga entered the new 3. Liga, joining the four teams relegated from the 2. Bundesliga to form the fresh 20-team league. Teams finishing 11th or lower in their Regionalliga remained where they were. On 18 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–08 2. Bundesliga season, four clubs were relegated from the 2. Bundesliga and became charter members of the 3. Liga : Kickers Offenbach, Erzgebirge Aue, SC Paderborn and FC Carl Zeiss Jena. On 31 May 2008, at the conclusion of the 2007–08 Regionalliga seasons, clubs placing third through tenth in the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga Süd besides qualified for the newfangled 3. Liga .
U23 Regulation [edit ]
The teams of the 3. Liga are obliged to list at least 4 players in the match report sail ( game sidereal day squad ) for each game who are eligible to play for a DFB selection team and who are not older than 23 years for the stallion season ( 1 July to 30 June ), i.e. were born on or after 1 July 1997 ( U23 players ) for the 2020–21 season. [ 19 ] eligibility to play in the second teams of license clubs ( Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga ) is based on the regulation that applies from the Regionalliga downwards. According to this, entirely U23 players ( see above ) may be used, with 3 older players being allowed to be in the bet on at the lapp meter. [ 20 ] From the Regionalliga Nord:
From the Regionalliga Süd:
promotion and relegation [edit ]
The winner and runner-up in a given season are mechanically promoted to the 2. Bundesliga. The one-third place team enters a home/away playoff against the 16th placed team of the 2. Bundesliga for the right to enter/stay in the 2. Bundesliga. Teams placing in the bottom four ( three anterior to 2019 ) are mechanically sent to the Regionalliga .
- Bold denotes team earned promotion.
economy [edit ]
With an annual dollar volume of €186 million ( as of 2017–18 ), the 3. Liga was ahead of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the Handball-Bundesliga and Basketball Bundesliga [ citation needed ] ( see : list of professional sports leagues by gross ) .
license terms [edit ]
In addition to sporting qualifications, the clubs concerned must besides meet the economic and technical- organizational requirements that are compulsory by the DFB Presidium. These include that the capacity the stadiums in the 3. Liga must be more than 10,000 seats ( of which 2000 seats ) ; in turning, at least one one-third of these spaces must be covered. A stadium capacity of 5000 seats is sufficient for second teams. The coaches must have completed the football teacher educate. [ 21 ] In especial, the conditions relating to the arcade infrastructure repeatedly prompt likely climbers from the subordinate regional leagues not to submit any license documents ; for model SV Rödinghausen or Berliner AK 07, both of which act in stadiums that are intelligibly excessively little. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] On the early hand, cases such as that of KFC Uerdingen 05, 1. FC Saarbrücken or Türkgücü München show that even a irregular game operation in alternative venues is equitable vitamin a debatable as the search for one. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ]
Broadcast rights [edit ]
The media rights condense with SportA, the sports rights representation of the german populace broadcasters ARD and ZDF, ran until the goal of the 2017–18 season. Under this contract, the ARD and its one-third programs broadcast at least 100, a maximal of 120 games arsenic well as the promotion games to the 3. Liga know. [ 27 ] The third gear programs broadcast far games via populate pour on the internet. This reached an average of around four million viewers. [ 28 ] in addition, the ARD Sportschau showed summaries of selected games on Saturday from 6 autopsy to 6:30 phase modulation. Since the start of the 2017–18 temper, Deutsche Telekom has been broadcasting all games for customers and subscribers as internet bouncy pour. [ 27 ] From the 2018–19 season to the 2020–21 season, a raw compress came into force, with which SportA and Telekom jointly held the media rights to the 3. Liga. The ARD and its submit broadcasters will then show 86 games from the 3. Liga a well as the forwarding games to the 3. Liga live. The clubs in the 3. Liga have each received well over a million euro for television rights since the 2018–19 season, around 40 percentage more than ahead. [ 29 ] When the 3. Liga was introduced, the clubs received a total of €10 million. [ 30 ] Since the 2009–10 temper, the annual payout has been €12,8 million. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] The second teams of the professional clubs do not participate in the television money. approximately 1–2 matches per workweek are broadcast with English comment on the german Football Association YouTube channel. [ 33 ]
Spectators [edit ]
The total of spectators in the 3. Liga varies greatly. Big city traditional clubs like Dynamo Dresden, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, 1. FC Magdeburg, FC Hansa Rostock, MSV Duisburg, Arminia Bielefeld, Karlsruher SC, Alemannia Aachen, Eintracht Braunschweig, TSV 1860 Munich and Fortuna Düsseldorf, but besides the ambitious newcomer RB Leipzig often had an average attendance of well over 10,000 viewers per game. [ 34 ] Dynamo Dresden achieved the highest amount with an average of 27,500 spectators in the 2015–16 season. For the 2. Bundesliga teams, the average attendance is frequently less than 1,500 spectators per game. Werder Bremen II had the lowest value in the 2011–12 season with an average of 626. In the 2018–19 season, more than 3 million spectators were registered for the first prison term with an average of over 8,000, and six clubs achieved a five-digit average attendance .
overall the 3. Liga has hearing numbers that are comparable to the second soccer leagues in Italy ( Serie B ), France ( Ligue 2 ) and Spain ( Segunda División ). [ 36 ] only the third-rate English football league One has similarly high or higher attendance numbers. [ 37 ] In the 2014–15 temper, for the first base time, more spectators per game came in the 3. Liga then in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga ( DEL ). Since then the average has always been equitable above that of the DEL. right from the begin, the median numeral of spectators in the 3. Liga exceeded that of the Handball and Basketball Bundesliga.
Read more: Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
( 1 ) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were no longer allowed in the stadiums from the 28th matchday onwards, which resulted in abridge attendances. In accession, the values are based on data from the DFB.
( 2 ) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were not allowed in the stadiums for the majority of the temper .
economic situation of the clubs [edit ]
Since its first season, the 3. Liga has had a higher employee turnover than the excellent german Leagues in all other sports. [ 38 ] For a act of clubs their participation in the 3. Liga ended with major fiscal problems. In 2009, the Stuttgarter Kickers got gloomy after the DFB had imposed a three-point discount for a lend that was not repaid on clock time. In accession, Kickers Emden had to withdraw its application for a license for the 3. Liga for economic reasons. In 2010–11, the open of insolvency proceeding resulted in the forced regulation of Rot Weiss Ahlen. In the same season, TuS Koblenz waived their right to start the follow one-third division temper due to fiscal bottlenecks. In 2013, after the afford of insolvency proceedings, Alemannia Aachen was determined to be relegated early on and Kickers Offenbach ‘s one-third division license was revoked. In 2016–17, VfR Aalen and FSV Frankfurt. In March 2018, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt filed for bankruptcy, followed by Chemnitzer FC in April. [ 39 ] Both clubs were relegated after deducting ten or nine points. several early clubs are constantly threatened with bankruptcy. [ 28 ] At a compress conference in mid-october 2019, the DFB published the balance wheel sheet report for the 2018–19 season. A commemorate turnover of €185 million was offset by an average personnel casualty of €1.5 million, which meant a new negative phonograph record. It was besides the ninth of eleven years in which the cabaret showed a full deficit, while seven clubs were placid able to generate a profit. One of the main drivers of this position, according to the report, was increased spend on human resources, particularly on player transfers and salaries. The average earnings of a 3. Liga player for 2018–19 was given as around €7,000. In addition, the count of spectators in the stadiums continued to rise, but in return it fell significantly on television. [ 40 ]
Financial fairly play and the promotion of young talent [edit ]
In order to counteract the trouble, the DFB decided in September 2018 to introduce alleged fiscal fair act in the 3. Liga angstrom well as a young person development investment company to improve the economic site of the clubs and strengthen their endowment development. A total of around €3.5 million is to be distributed to the clubs. Up to €550,000 is to be distributed evenly among clubs with a “ convinced seasonal solution ” and clubs that “ have achieved or even exceeded their target season goal ”. A far €2.95 million is to flow into the youth development of the participants, whereby the use of U21 players with german nationality should have a convinced effect on the distribution rate per club. [ 41 ] The pots are distributed in September at the end of a season. With the first distribution, Hansa Rostock received the highest amount for the top position in the categories “ convinced annual consequence ” and “ planned quiality ” after a commemorate employee turnover of €19 million in the 2018–19 season. [ 42 ]
League statistics [edit ]
Up to and including the 2018–19 season the top goal scorers, attendance statistics and records for the league are :
attendance [edit ]
top scorers [edit ]
Records [edit ]
As of 29 May 2019
Placings in the 3. Liga [edit ]
Map showing the champions of 3. Liga The following clubs have played in the league and achieved the following final examination positions : [ 75 ]
Notes [edit ]
Symbol
Key
B
Bundesliga
2B
2. Bundesliga
1
League champions
#
League place
Blank
not in 3. Liga, Bundesliga or 2. Bundesliga
- 1 Kickers Offenbach were refused a 3. Liga licence at the end of the 2012–13 season and relegated to the Regionalliga. SV Darmstadt 98, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated.[76]
- 2 TSV 1860 Munich were unable to obtain a 3. Liga licence at the end of the 2016–17 season and relegated to the Regionalliga. SC Paderborn 07, placed 18th originally and who submitted a 3. Liga licence application, remained in the league for the 2017–18 season.[77][78]
- 3 TuS Koblenz withdrew from the league after the 2011–12 season; Bremen II, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated.
- 4 RW Ahlen did not receive a licence for the 2011–12 season, originally finishing 17th after 2010–11. The club was placed in 20th position and relegated. Burghausen, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated. Ahlen did not request a licence in the Regionalliga and started the new season in the Oberliga.
- 5 Kickers Emden withdrew from the league after the 2008–09 season; Burghausen, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated. Emden became insolvent in 2012.
Promotion rounds [edit ]
To the 2. Bundesliga [edit ]
At the end of the unconstipated season the third station team in the 3. Liga play the 16th placed team in the 2. Bundesliga over two matches. The overall winner plays in the 2. Bundesliga in the follow season, and the loser in the 3. Liga .
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
SC Paderborn ( 3L )
2–0
VfL Osnabrück ( 2B )
1–0
1–0
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
FC Ingolstadt ( 3L )
3–0
Hansa Rostock ( 2B )
1–0
2–0
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Dynamo Dresden ( 3L )
4–2
VfL Osnabrück ( 2B )
1–1
3–1 (a.e.t.)
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Jahn Regensburg ( 3L )
3–3 (a)
Karlsruher SC ( 2B )
1–1
2–2
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
VfL Osnabrück ( 3L )
1–2
Dynamo Dresden ( 2B )
1–0
0–2
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Holstein Kiel ( 3L )
1–2
1860 Munich ( 2B )
0–0
1–2
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Würzburger Kickers ( 3L )
4–1
MSV Duisburg ( 2B )
2–0
2–1
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Jahn Regensburg ( 3L )
3–1
1860 Munich ( 2B )
1–1
2–0
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Karlsruher SC ( 3L )
1–3
Erzgebirge Aue ( 2B )
0–0
1–3
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Wehen Wiesbaden ( 3L )
4–4 (a)
FC Ingolstadt ( 2B )
1–2
3–2
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
1. FC Nürnberg ( 2B )
3–3 (a)
FC Ingolstadt ( 3L )
2–0
1–3
To the 3. Liga [edit ]
From the 2012–13 to 2017–18 seasons, the champions of the five Regionalligas and the runner-up of the Regionalliga Südwest entered an end-of-the season play-off to determine the three teams promoted to the 3. Liga. From the 2018–19 season, three out of those five champions take steer promotion, leaving the remaining two to contest the play-off for the one-fourth promotion .
key [edit ]
- Winner in bold.
In popular media [edit ]
The german 3. Liga was licensed in 2017 for EA SPORTS FIFA 18 video-game for the first time by the result of a voting poll from the FIFA community FIFPlay for FIFA 18 new leagues. The vote has received over 2 million votes from the community with more than 230,000 votes for the german 3rd League ( 3. Liga ). [ 92 ]
Notes [edit ]
- ^ It is amply written as Dritte Liga and is more explicitly called 3. Fußball-Liga .
References [edit ]
Read more: Ricardo Carvalho