Wikipedia

Designated city in Hokkaido, Japan
Sapporo

kanji “ Sapporo ” inJapanese nameKanji 札幌Hiragana さっぽろ

Katakana サッポロTranscriptionsRomanization sapporo
Sapporo [ a ] ( 札幌市, Sapporo-shi, IPA : [ sapːoɾo ɕi ] ) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo, and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the area. [ citation needed ] It is the capital city of Hokkaido Prefecture and Ishikari Subprefecture. Sapporo lies in the southwest of Hokkaido, within the alluvial winnow of the Toyohira River, which is a feeder current of the Ishikari. It is considered the cultural, economic, and political center of Hokkaido. As with most of Hokkaido, the Sapporo area was settled by the autochthonal Ainu people, beginning over 15,000 years ago. Starting in the belated nineteenth hundred, Sapporo saw increasing liquidation by Yamato migrants. Sapporo hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics, the first winter Olympics ever held in Asia, and the second Olympic games held in Japan after the 1964 Summer Olympics. Sapporo is presently bidding for the 2030 Winter Olympics. [ 2 ] The Sapporo Dome hosted three games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup and two games during the 2019 Rugby World Cup. additionally, Sapporo has hosted the asian Winter Games three times, in 1986, 1990, and 2017. The annual Sapporo Snow Festival draws more than 2 million tourists from abroad. [ 3 ] other luminary sites include the Sapporo Beer Museum, which is the entirely beer museum in Japan, [ 4 ] and the Sapporo television receiver Tower located in Odori Park. It is home to Hokkaido University, merely north of Sapporo Station. The city is served by Okadama Airport and New Chitose Airport in nearby Chitose .

etymology [edit ]

Sapporo ‘s name was taken from Ainuic sat poro pet ( サッ・ポロ・ペッ ), which can be translated as the “ dry, bang-up river ”, a reference to the Toyohira River. [ 5 ]

history [edit ]

early history [edit ]

Before its constitution, the area occupied by Sapporo ( known as the Ishikari Plain ) was home to a number of autochthonal Ainu settlements. [ 6 ] In 1866, at the end of the Edo time period, construction began on a canal through the area, encouraging a number of early settlers to establish Sapporo village. [ 7 ] In 1868, the officially recognized class celebrated as the “ give birth ” of Sapporo, the new Meiji government concluded that the existing administrative concentrate of Hokkaido, which at the clock was the port of Hakodate, was in an inapplicable localization for defense and far development of the island. As a result, it was determined that a modern capital on the Ishikari Plain should be established. The apparent itself provided an unusually large expanse of bland, well drained farming which is relatively uncommon in the otherwise cragged geography of Hokkaido. During 1870–1871, Kuroda Kiyotaka, vice-chairman of the Hokkaido Development Commission ( Kaitaku-shi ), approached the american government for aid in developing the estate. As a consequence, Horace Capron, Secretary of Agriculture under President Ulysses S. Grant, became an oyatoi gaikokujin and was appointed as a special adviser to the deputation. construction began around Odori Park, which inactive remains as a green decoration of amateur land bisecting the central area of the city. The city closely followed a grid plan with streets at right-angles to form city blocks. The continuing expansion of the Japanese into Hokkaido continued, chiefly due to migration from the main island of Honshu immediately to the south, and the prosperity of Hokkaido and peculiarly its capital grew to the compass point that the Development Commission was deemed unnecessary and was abolished in 1882. Edwin Dun came to Sapporo to establish sheep and cattle ranches in 1876. He besides demonstrated devour raise and the make of butter, cheese, ham and blimp. He was married doubly, to japanese women. He once went back to the US in 1883 but returned to Japan as a repository of government. William S. Clark, who was the president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College ( now the University of Massachusetts Amherst ), came to be the establish vice-president of the Sapporo Agricultural College ( now Hokkaido University ) for entirely eight months from 1876 to 1877. He taught academic subjects in skill and lectured on the Bible as an “ ethics ” course, introducing christian principles to the first entering class of the College. In 1880, the entire area of Sapporo was renamed as “ Sapporo-ku ” ( Sapporo Ward ), [ 8 ] and a railroad between Sapporo and Temiya, Otaru was laid. That year the Hōheikan, a hotel and reception facility for visiting officials and dignitaries, was erected adjacent to the Odori Park. It was later moved to Nakajima Park where it remains today. Two years subsequently, with the abolition of the Kaitaku-shi, Hokkaidō was divided into three prefectures : Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro. The name of the urban zone in Sapporo remained Sapporo-ku, while the rest of the area in Sapporo-ku was changed to Sapporo-gun. The office construct of Sapporo-ku was besides located in the urban zone. [ 8 ] Sapporo, Hakodate, and Nemuro Prefectures were abolished in 1886, and Hokkaidō government function build up, an American- neo-baroque -style structure with crimson bricks, constructed in 1888. The death team of the Tondenhei, the soldiers pioneering Hokkaido, settled in the space where the area of Tonden in Kita-ku, Sapporo is presently located. Sapporo-ku administer surrounding Sapporo-gun until 1899, when the newly zone system was announced. After that year, Sapporo-ku was away from the control of Sapporo-gun. [ 8 ] The “ ku ” ( zone ) enforced from 1899 was an autonomy which was a little bigger than towns, and smaller than cities. In Hokkaido at that time, Hakodate-ku and Otaru-ku besides existed. [ 9 ]

Gallery
Sapporo city function in 1891
Kuroda Kiyotaka

twentieth century [edit ]

In 1907, the Tohoku Imperial University was established in Sendai Miyagi Prefecture, and Sapporo Agricultural College was controlled by the University. Parts of neighbouring villages including Sapporo Village, Naebo Village, Kami Shiroishi Village, and districts where the Tonden-hei had settled, were integrated into Sapporo-ku in 1910. The Sapporo Streetcar was opened in 1918, and Hokkaido Imperial University was established in Sapporo-ku, as the one-fifth Imperial University in Japan. Another railroad track operated in Sapporo, the Jōzankei Railroad, which was ultimately abolished in 1969. In 1922, the new city system was announced by the Tokyo government, and Sapporo-ku was formally changed to Sapporo City. [ 7 ] The Sapporo Municipal Bus System was started in 1930. In 1937, Sapporo was chosen as the site of the 1940 Winter Olympics, but due to the outbreak of the second Sino-Japanese War, this was cancelled the following year. Maruyama Town was integrated as a separate of Chūō-ku in 1940, and the Okadama Airport was constructed in 1942. The foremost Sapporo Snow Festival was held in 1950. In the same year, adjacent Shiroishi Village was integrated into Sapporo City, rendered as a region of Shiroishi-ku, and Atsubetsu-ku. [ 10 ] In 1955, Kotoni Town, the entire Sapporo Village, and Shinoro Village were merged into Sapporo, becoming a function of the current Chūō-ku, Kita-ku, Higashi-ku, Nishi-ku, and Teine-ku. [ 10 ] The expansion of Sapporo continued, with the amalgamation of Toyohira Town in 1961, and Teine Town in 1967, each becoming a separate of Toyohira-ku, Kiyota-ku, and Teine-ku. [ 10 ] The ceremony commemorating the hundredth anniversary of the foundation of Sapporo and Hokkaido was held in 1968. The Sapporo Municipal Subway system was inaugurated in 1971, which made Sapporo the fourth city in Japan to have a underpass system. From February 3 to 13, 1972, the 1972 Winter Olympics were held, the first Winter Olympics held in Asia. [ 7 ] On April 1 of the same year, Sapporo was designated as one of the cities designated by government ordinance, and seven wards were established. [ 10 ] The last public performance by the opera singer, Maria Callas, was in Sapporo at the Hokkaido Koseinenkin Kaikan on 11 November 1974. [ 11 ] The Sapporo Municipal Subway was expanded when the Tōzai cable started operation in 1976, and the Tōhō line was opened in 1988. In 1989, Atsubetsu-ku and Teine-ku were separated from Shiroishi-ku and Nishi-ku. annual events in Sapporo were started, such as the Pacific Music Festival in 1990, and Yosakoi Sōran Festival in 1992. A professional football club, Consadole Sapporo, was established in 1996. In 1997, Kiyota-ku was separated from Toyohira-ku. In the like class, Hokkaidō Takushoku Bank, a Hokkaido-based savings bank with headquarters in Odori, went bankrupt. [ 12 ]

twenty-first century [edit ]

In 2001 the construction of the Sapporo Dome was completed, and in 2002 the Dome hosted three games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup ; Germany vs Saudi Arabia, Argentina v England and Italy vs Ecuador, all of which were in the first rung. Fumio Ueda, was elected as Sapporo mayor for the first time in 2003. Sapporo became the home plate to a Nippon Professional Baseball team, Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, in 2004, which won the 2006 Japan Series, and the victory parade was held on Ekimae-Dōri ( a street in front of Sapporo Station ) in February 2007. The 34th G8 acme took rate in Tōyako in 2008, and a total of people including anti-globalization activists marched in the heart of the city to protest. Police officers were gathered in Sapporo from all over Japan, and the newsworthiness reported that four people were arrested in the demonstrations. [ 13 ] The Hokkaidō Shinkansen line, which presently connects Honshu to Hakodate through the Seikan Tunnel, is planned to link to Sapporo by 2030. [ 14 ]

Gallery
The 34th G8 summit protest march in 2008

geography [edit ]

Sapporo is a city located in the southwest part of Ishikari Plain and the alluvial winnow of the Toyohira River, a tributary stream of the Ishikari River. [ 15 ] It is separate of Ishikari Subprefecture. Roadways in the urban district are laid to make a grid design. The westerly and southern parts of Sapporo are occupied by a number of mountains including Mount Teine, Maruyama, and Mount Moiwa, angstrom well as many rivers including the Ishikari River, Toyohira River, and Sōsei River. Sapporo has an elevation of 29 megabyte ( 95 foot 2 in ) [ 16 ] Sapporo has many parks, including Odori Park, which is located in the heart of the city and hosts a number of annual events and festivals throughout the class. Moerenuma Park is besides one of the largest parks in Sapporo, and was constructed under the plan of Isamu Noguchi, a Japanese-American artist and landscape architect. Neighbouring cities are Ishikari, Ebetsu, Kitahiroshima, Eniwa, Chitose, Otaru, Date, and adjoining towns are Tōbetsu, Kimobetsu, Kyōgoku .

Wards [edit ]

Sapporo presently has ten wards ( 区, ku ) .

Name

Kanji

Population

Land area in km2

Pop. density
per km2

Map of Sapporo

Atsubetsu-ku

厚別区

127,299

24.38

5,221

Chūō-ku

中央区

237,761

46.42

5,122

Higashi-ku

東区

261,901

56.97

4,597

Kita-ku

北区

286,026

63.57

4,499

Kiyota-ku

清田区

113,556

59.87

1,897

Minami-ku

南区

136,774

657.48

208

Nishi-ku

西区

216,835

75.10

2,887

Shiroishi-ku

白石区

213,310

34.47

6,188

Teine-ku

手稲区

141,886

56.77

2,499

Toyohira-ku

豊平区

cityscape [edit ]

climate [edit ]

Sapporo has a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ), with a wide compass of temperature between the summer and winter. Summers are broadly warm and humid, but not oppressively hot, and winters are cold and identical snow-clad, with an average snow of 4.79 thousand ( 15 foot 9 in ) per class. [ 17 ] Sapporo is one of few metropolises in the world with such clayey snow, [ 18 ] enabling it to hold events and festivals with snow statues. The intemperate snow is ascribable to the siberian High develop over the eurasian nation mass and the aleut Low developing over the northern Pacific Ocean, resulting in a flow of cold breeze southeastward across Tsushima Current and to western Hokkaido. The city ‘s annual average precipitation is around 1,100 millimeter ( 43.3 in ), and the mean annual temperature is 8.5 °C ( 47.3 °F ). [ 15 ]

Climate data for Sapporo (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1877−present)

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Record high °C (°F)

11.2
(52.2)

10.8
(51.4)

18.3
(64.9)

28.0
(82.4)

34.2
(93.6)

33.7
(92.7)

36.0
(96.8)

36.2
(97.2)

32.7
(90.9)

26.4
(79.5)

22.4
(72.3)

14.8
(58.6)

36.2
(97.2)

Average high °C (°F)

−0.4
(31.3)

0.4
(32.7)

4.5
(40.1)

11.7
(53.1)

17.9
(64.2)

21.8
(71.2)

25.4
(77.7)

26.4
(79.5)

22.8
(73.0)

16.4
(61.5)

8.7
(47.7)

2.0
(35.6)

13.1
(55.6)

Daily mean °C (°F)

−3.2
(26.2)

−2.7
(27.1)

1.1
(34.0)

7.3
(45.1)

13.0
(55.4)

17.0
(62.6)

21.1
(70.0)

22.3
(72.1)

18.6
(65.5)

12.1
(53.8)

5.2
(41.4)

−0.9
(30.4)

9.2
(48.6)

Average low °C (°F)

−6.4
(20.5)

−6.2
(20.8)

−2.4
(27.7)

3.4
(38.1)

9.0
(48.2)

13.4
(56.1)

17.9
(64.2)

19.1
(66.4)

14.8
(58.6)

8.0
(46.4)

1.6
(34.9)

−4.0
(24.8)

5.7
(42.3)

Record low °C (°F)

−27.0
(−16.6)

−28.5
(−19.3)

−22.6
(−8.7)

−14.6
(5.7)

−4.2
(24.4)

0.0
(32.0)

5.2
(41.4)

5.3
(41.5)

−0.9
(30.4)

−4.4
(24.1)

−15.5
(4.1)

−24.7
(−12.5)

−28.5
(−19.3)

Average precipitation mm (inches)

108.4
(4.27)

91.9
(3.62)

77.6
(3.06)

54.6
(2.15)

55.5
(2.19)

60.4
(2.38)

90.7
(3.57)

126.8
(4.99)

142.2
(5.60)

109.9
(4.33)

113.8
(4.48)

114.5
(4.51)

1,146.1
(45.12)

Average snowfall cm (inches)

137
(54)

116
(46)

74
(29)

6
(2.4)

0
(0)

1
(0.4)

30
(12)

113
(44)

479
(189)

Average precipitation days ( ≥ 0.5 millimeter )

22.1

19.2

18.3

12.3

10.2

9.3

9.4

10.5

11.7

14.0

18.3

19.9

175.1

Average relative humidity (%)

Mean monthly sunshine hours

90.4

103.5

144.7

175.8

200.4

180.0

168.0

168.1

159.3

145.9

99.1

82.7

1,718

Average ultraviolet index

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[19]

Demographics [edit ]

The first gear census of the population of Sapporo was taken in 1873, when 753 families with a sum of 1,785 people were recorded in the township. [ 20 ] The city has an estimated population of 1,957,914 as of May 31, 2019 and a population density of 1,746 persons per km2 ( 4,500 persons per mi2 ). The total area is 1,121.26 km2 ( 432.92 sq michigan ) .
Historical populationYearPop.±%1873 1,785— 1920 105,182+5792.5%1925 149,314+42.0%1930 174,179+16.7%1935 196,541+12.8%1940 206,103+4.9%1950 313,850+52.3%1955 426,620+35.9%1960 523,839+22.8%1965 794,908+51.7%1970 1,010,123+27.1%1975 1,240,613+22.8%1980 1,401,757+13.0%1985 1,542,979+10.1%1990 1,671,742+8.3%1995 1,757,025+5.1%2000 1,822,368+3.7%2005 1,880,863+3.2%2010 1,913,545+1.7%2015 1,952,356+2.0%2020 1,970,277+0.9%Source: Statistics Bureau [1]

economy [edit ]

The tertiary sector dominates Sapporo ‘s industry. major industries include data technology, retail, and tourism, as Sapporo is a address for winter sports and events and summer activities due to its relatively cool climate. [ 21 ] The city is besides the manufacture center of Hokkaido, manufacturing assorted goods such as food and relate products, fabricated alloy products, steel, machinery, beverages, and pulp and wallpaper. [ 22 ] The Sapporo Breweries, founded in 1876, is a major company and employer in the city. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Hokkaido International Airlines ( Air Do ) is headquartered in Chūō-ku. [ 25 ] In April 2004, Air Nippon Network was headquartered in Higashi-ku. [ 26 ] early companies headquartered in Sapporo include Crypton Future Media, DB-Soft, Hokkaido Air System, and Royce ‘. Greater Sapporo, Sapporo Metropolitan Employment Area ( 2.3 million people ), had a sum GDP of US $ 84.7 billion in 2010. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] In 2014, Sapporo ‘s GDP per head ( PPP ) was US $ 32,446. [ 29 ]

polish and entertainment [edit ]

music [edit ]

art [edit ]

literature [edit ]

The Hokkaido Museum of Literature
Takeo Arishima Residence in Sapporo Art Park
Junichi Watanabe Museum of Literature

film [edit ]

The Idiot (1951 film) by Akira Kurosawa
The Northern Museum of Visual Culture
Theater Kino
The Sapporo International Short Film Festival and Market

Points of interest [edit ]

Susukino, the entertainment district of Sapporo Registered Tangible Cultural Properties in Sapporo
Sapporo JR Tower adjacent to Sapporo Station. [ 31 ] Sapporo Ramen Yokocho and Norubesa ( a build with a Ferris rack ) are in Susukino zone. The district besides has the Tanuki Kōji Shopping Arcade, the oldest shopping plaza in the city. The district of Jōzankei in Minami-ku has many resort hotels with steam baths and onsen. The Peace Pagoda, one of many such monuments across the populace built by the Buddhist order Nipponzan Myohoji to promote and inspire world peace, has a stupa that was built in 1959, [ citation needed ] halfway up Mount Moiwa, to commemorate peace after World War II. It contains some of the ashes of the Buddha that were presented to the Emperor of Japan by Prime Minister Nehru in 1954. [ citation needed ] Another part was presented to Mikhail Gorbachev by the Nipponzan-Myohoji monk, Junsei Terasawa. [ citation needed ]
Dancers in the Yosakoi Sōran Festival February : the Sapporo Snow Festival The main web site is at Odori Park, and early sites include Susukino ( known as the Susukino Ice Festival ) and Sapporo Satoland. Many of the snow and ice statues are built by members of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. [ 32 ] May : the Sapporo Lilac Festival. Lilac was brought to Sapporo in 1889 by an american educator, Sarah Clara Smith. At the festival, people enjoy the flowers, wine and exist music. June : the Yosakoi Soran Festival. The sites of the festival are centered on Odori Park and the street leading to Susukino, and there are other festival sites. In the festival, many dance teams dance to music composed based on a japanese traditional song, “ Sōran Bushi “. Members of the dancing teams wear extra costumes and compete on the roads or stages constructed on the festival sites. In 2006, 350 teams were featured with around 45,000 dancers, and over 1,860,000 people visited the festival. [ 32 ] The Sapporo Summer Festival. People enjoy drinking at the beer garden in Odori Park and on the streets of Susukino. This festival consists of a number of fairs such as Tanuki Festival and Susukino Festival. [ 32 ] September : the Sapporo Autumn Festival December : christmas grocery store in Odori Park, similar to german Christmas markets. From November through January, many citizens enjoy the Sapporo White Illuminations .

cuisine [edit ]

Soup curry The city is known home plate to Sapporo Brewery, and the white chocolate biscuits ‘shiroi koibito ‘ ( 白い恋人 ), besides as the birthplace of miso ramen. [ 33 ] The Kouraku Ramen Meitengai in Susukino district, an alley lined with many miso ramen restaurants since 1951. After its demolition due to plans for the Sapporo Olympics, the Ganso Sapporo Ramen Yokocho was established in the like topographic point. It attracts many tourists throughout the class. [ 33 ] From the year 1966, a food company named Sanyo Foods began to sell instant ramen under the brand list “ Sapporo Ichiban “. Haskap, a local variety show of edible honeysuckle, similar to blueberries, is a specialization in Sapporo. other forte dishes of Sapporo are soup curry, a soupy curry made with vegetables and chicken or other meats, and jingisukan, a barbecued lamb dish, named for Genghis Khan. Sapporo Sweets is a confectionery using many ingredients from Hokkaido and the Sapporo Sweets Competition is held annually. [ 34 ] Sapporo is besides well known for clean seafood including salmon, ocean urchin and crab. crab in particular is famed. many types of cancer are harvested and served seasonally in Sapporo like the Horsehair crab, Snow crab, King crab, and Hanasaki crab with numerous dishes revolving around them. [ 35 ]

Sports [edit ]

The Sapporo Dome was constructed in 2001 and presently is the host to the local professional teams, Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo ( football ), and Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters ( baseball ). But ES CON Field Hokkaido ( エスコンフィールド北海道, Esukon Fīrudo Hokkaidō ), baseball park under construction in Kitahiroshima, Hokkaido. It will be the future home of the Nippon Professional Baseball ‘s Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters and is scheduled to open in March, 2023. Sapporo was selected to be the host of the fifth Winter Olympics scheduled on February 3 to 12, 1940, but Japan had to give the Games spinal column to the IOC, after the irregular Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937. In 1972, Sapporo hosted the 11th Winter Olympics. Some structures built for Olympic events remain in use today, including the ski jumps at Miyanomori and Okurayama. After considering a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics, Olympic representatives in Sapporo have said that the city is considering a invite for the 2030 Winter Olympics. The city predicts it may cost deoxyadenosine monophosphate much as 456.5 billion yen ( $ 4.3 billion ) to host the games and is planning to have 90 percentage of the facilities within half an hour of the Olympic village, according to a composition published 12 May 2016. The Alpen class would be in Niseko, the earth ‘s second-snowiest recourse, while the village would be next to the Sapporo Dome, the report said. [ 36 ] The plans were presented to the japanese Olympic Committee on 8 November 2016. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] In 2002, Sapporo hosted three group matches of the FIFA World Cup at the Sapporo Dome. In 2006, Sapporo hosted some games of the 2006 Basketball World Championship and besides for the 2006 Women ‘s Volleyball World Championship. In 2007, Sapporo hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships at the Sapporo Dome, Miyanomori ski startle, Okurayama ski jump, and the Shirahatayama cross-country course. It has been host city of two asian Winter Games and hosted the 2017 asian Winter Games with Obihiro. Sapporo will besides host some games during the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Skiing remains a major mutant in Sapporo with about all children skiing as a separate of the school course of study. Okurayama Elementary School is strange in having its own ski mound and ski derail mound on the school grounds. Within the city are commercial ski hills including Moiwayama, Bankeiyama, KobaWorld, Sapporo Teine and Fu ‘s. many sports stadiums and domes are located in Sapporo, and some of them have been designated as venues of sports competitions. The Sapporo Community Dome, besides known by its dub “ Tsu-Dome ”, has hosted the Golden Market, a huge flea market consequence which is normally held doubly a class, along with some sports events. The Makomanai Ice Arena, in Makomanai Park, was one of the venues of the Sapporo Olympics in 1972. It was renamed the Makomanai Sekisuiheim Ice Arena in 2007, when Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., acquired name rights and renamed the stadium after their very estate of the realm brand. [ 39 ] other boastfully sports venues include the Makomanai Open Stadium, Tsukisamu Dome, Maruyama Baseball Stadium, and the Hokkaido Prefectural Sports Center, which hosts the professional basketball team, Levanga Hokkaido. Toyota Big Air is a major external snowboarding event held per annum in Sapporo Dome. As one of the richest events of its kind in the world, it draws many of the worldly concern ‘s best snowboarders .

Professional fun teams [edit ]

exile [edit ]

Sapporo has one streetcar line, three JR Hokkaido lines, three metro lines and JR Bus, Chuo Bus and early bus lines. Sapporo Subway trains have rubber-tired wheels .

rapid transit [edit ]

railing [edit ]

JR Hokkaido Stations in Sapporo
- Hakodate Line: (Zenibako) – Hoshimi – Hoshioki – Inaho – Teine – Inazumi Kōen – Hassamu – Hassamu Chūō – Kotoni – Sōen – Sapporo – Naebo – Shiroishi – Atsubetsu – Shinrinkōen – (Ōasa)
- Chitose Line: Heiwa – Shin Sapporo – Kami Nopporo – (Kita-Hiroshima)
- Sasshō Line (Gakuentoshi Line): Sōen – Hachiken – Shinkawa – Shinkotoni – Taihei – Yurigahara – Shinoro – Takuhoku – Ainosato Kyōikudai – Ainosato Kōen – (Ishikari Futomi)

Air [edit ]

The Sapporo area is served by two airports : Okadama Airport, which offers regional flights within Hokkaido, and New Chitose Airport, a larger international airport located in the city of Chitose 30 miles ( 48 kilometer ) away connected by regular rapid trains taking around 40 minutes. The Sapporo-Tokyo route between New Chitose and Haneda is one of the busiest in the world .

Airport shuttle, tour and charter bus overhaul [edit ]

An airport shuttle bus topology servicing all hotels in Sapporo operates every day of the year. SkyExpress was founded in 2005 and besides provides tape drive to and from respective ski resorts throughout Hokkaido, including Niseko .

education [edit ]

Universities [edit ]

fall trees at Hokkaido University

National [edit ]

See Japanese national university

populace [edit ]

private [edit ]

Primary and secondary schools [edit ]

Sapporo Odori High School provides Japanese-language classes to foreign and japanese returnee students, and the school has special admissions quotas for these groups. [ 40 ] The city has two private external schools :

Twin towns – sister cities [edit ]

Sapporo City Hall ( June 2007 ) Sapporo has twinning relationships with several cities worldwide. [ 41 ] [ 42 ]

Daejeon, South Korea (since October 2010)
Denver, United States (since September 1982)
Munich, Germany (since August 1972)
Novosibirsk, Russia (since June 1990)
Portland, United States (since November 1959)
Shenyang, China (since November 1980)