Bundesliga

This article is about the german men ‘s football league. For the german women ‘s football league, see Frauen-Bundesliga. For other uses, see Bundesliga ( disambiguation ) Association football league in Germany

Football league

The Bundesliga ( german : [ ˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa ] ( ) ; lit. ‘Federal League ‘ ), sometimes referred to as the Fußball-Bundesliga ( [ ˌfuːsbal- ] ) or 1. Bundesliga ( [ ˌeːɐ̯stə- ] ), is a professional association football league in Germany. At the crown of the german football league system, the Bundesliga is Germany ‘s primary football contest. The Bundesliga comprises 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga. Seasons run from August to May. Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played on weekdays. All of the Bundesliga clubs qualify for the DFB-Pokal. The winner of the Bundesliga qualifies for the DFL-Supercup. fifty-six clubs have competed in the Bundesliga since its establish. Bayern Munich has won the championship 30 times, the most among Bundesliga clubs. however, the Bundesliga has seen early champions, with Borussia Dortmund, Hamburger SV, Werder Bremen, Borussia Mönchengladbach, and VfB Stuttgart most outstanding among them. The Bundesliga is one of the top national leagues, ranked fourthly in Europe according to UEFA ‘s league coefficient ranking for the 2020–21 season, based on performances in european competitions over the by five seasons. [ 1 ] The Bundesliga led the UEFA rank from 1976 to 1984 and in 1990. It has besides produced the celibate ‘s top-rated baseball club six times. Bundesliga clubs have won eight UEFA Champions League, six UEFA Europa League, four european Cup Winners ‘ Cup, two UEFA Super Cup, two FIFA Club World Cup, and three Intercontinental Cup titles. Its players have accumulated nine Ballon d’Or awards, one The Best FIFA Men ‘s Player awards, three european Golden Shoe, and three UEFA Men ‘s Player of the class awards including UEFA Club Footballer of the class. The Bundesliga is the numeral one football league in the worldly concern in terms of average attendance ; out of all sports, its average of 45,134 fans per game during the 2011–12 temper was the second-highest of any sports league in the world after the american National Football League. [ 2 ] The Bundesliga is broadcast on television receiver in over 200 countries. [ 3 ] The Bundesliga was founded in 1962 in Dortmund [ 4 ] and the first season started in 1963. The structure and arrangement of the Bundesliga, along with Germany ‘s early football leagues, have undergo frequent changes. The Bundesliga was founded by the Deutscher Fußball-Bund ( english : german Football Association ), but is nowadays operated by the Deutsche Fußball Liga ( english : german Football League ) .

overview [edit ]

The Bundesliga is composed of two divisions : the 1. Bundesliga ( although it is rarely referred to with the First prefix ), and, below that, the 2. Bundesliga ( 2nd Bundesliga ), which has been the second tier of german football since 1974. The Bundesligen ( plural ) are master leagues. Since 2008, the 3. Liga ( 3rd League ) in Germany has besides been a master league, but may not be called Bundesliga because the league is run by the German Football Association ( DFB ) and not, as are the two Bundesligen, by the german Football League ( DFL ). Below the level of the 3. Liga, leagues are generally subdivided on a regional basis. For exemplar, the Regionalligen are presently made up of Nord ( North ), Nordost ( Northeast ), Süd ( South ), Südwest ( Southwest ) and West divisions. Below this are thirteen parallel divisions, most of which are called Oberligen ( upper leagues ) which represent federal states or large urban and geographic areas. The levels below the Oberligen differ between the local areas. The league structure has changed frequently and typically reflects the degree of participation in the frolic in diverse parts of the country. In the early 1990s, changes were driven by the reunion of Germany and the subsequent consolidation of the national league of East Germany. Every team in the two Bundesligen must have a license to play in the league, or else they are relegated into the regional leagues. To obtain a license, teams must be financially healthy and meet certain standards of conduct as organisations. As in early national leagues, there are significant benefits to being in the top division :

• A greater share of television broadcast licence revenues goes to 1. Bundesliga sides.
• 1. Bundesliga teams draw significantly greater levels of fan support. Average attendance in the first league is 42,673 per game—more than twice the average of the 2. Bundesliga.
• Greater exposure through television and higher attendance levels helps 1. Bundesliga teams attract the most lucrative sponsorships.
• 1. Bundesliga teams develop substantial financial muscle through the combination of television and gate revenues, sponsorships and marketing of their team brands. This allows them to attract and retain skilled players from domestic and international sources and to construct first-class stadium facilities.

The 1. Bundesliga is financially firm, and the 2. Bundesliga has begun to evolve in a alike direction, becoming more stable organizationally and financially, and reflecting an increasingly higher standard of master playing period. [ citation needed ]
internationally, the most long-familiar german clubs include Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, Schalke 04, Hamburger SV, VfB Stuttgart, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Werder Bremen and Bayer Leverkusen. [ citation needed ] Hamburger SV was the only club to have played endlessly in the Bundesliga since its basis, until 12 May 2018, when the club was relegated for the first time. In the 2008–09 season, the Bundesliga reinstated an earlier german system of promotion and delegating, which had been in habit from 1981 until 1991 :

• The bottom two finishers in the Bundesliga are automatically relegated to the 2. Bundesliga, with the top two finishers in the 2. Bundesliga taking their places.
• The third-from-bottom club in the Bundesliga will play a two-legged tie with the third-place team from the 2. Bundesliga, with the winner taking up the final place in the following season’s Bundesliga.

From 1992 until 2008, a unlike arrangement was used, in which the bottom three finishers of the Bundesliga had been mechanically relegated, to be replaced by the top three finishers in the 2. Bundesliga. From 1963 until 1981 two, or subsequently three, teams had been relegated from the Bundesliga mechanically, while promotion had been decided either wholly or partially in promotion play-offs. The season starts in early August [ 5 ] and lasts until late May, with a winter break of six weeks ( mid-december through to the end of January ). Starting with the 2021–22 temper, kick off times have been changed with Friday matches starting at 8:30 autopsy, Saturdays at 3:30 prime minister and 6:30 phase modulation, and Sundays at 3:30 prime minister, 5:30 phase modulation and 7:30 promethium. [ 6 ]

history [edit ]

Origins [edit ]

prior to the geological formation of the Bundesliga, German football was played at an amateur flush in a large number of sub-regional leagues until, in 1949, part-time ( semi- ) professionalism was introduced and merely five regional Oberligen (Premier Leagues) remained. regional champions and runner-up played a series of playoff matches for the justly to compete in a final crippled for the national backing. On 28 January 1900, a national association, the Deutscher Fußball Bund ( DFB ) had been founded in Leipzig with 86 member clubs. The first gear recognize national championship team was VfB Leipzig, who beat DFC Prague 7–2 in a game played at Altona on 31 May 1903. Through the 1950s, there were continue calls for the formation of a cardinal professional league, particularly as professional leagues in other countries began to draw Germany ‘s best players away from the semi-professional domestic leagues. At the external flat, the german game began to falter as german teams much fared ill against professional teams from early countries. A key garter of the central league concept was national team fountainhead coach Sepp Herberger who said, “ If we want to remain competitive internationally, we have to raise our expectations at the national level. “ [ This quote needs a citation ] meanwhile, in East Germany, a freestanding league was established with the formation of the DS-Oberliga ( Deutscher Sportausschuss Oberliga ) in 1950. The league was renamed the Football Oberliga DFV in 1958 and was generally referred to simply as the DDR-Liga or DDR-Oberliga. The league fielded 14 teams with two delegating spots .

foundation [edit ]

The Bundesliga was founded at the annual DFB conventionality at the Westfalenhallen in Dortmund on 28 July 1962 The kill of the national team by Yugoslavia ( 0–1 ) in a 1962 World Cup quarter-final game in Chile was one drift ( of many ) towards the formation of a home league. At the annual DFB convention under new DFB president Hermann Gösmann ( elected that very day ) the Bundesliga was created in Dortmund at the Westfalenhallen on 28 July 1962 to begin play starting with the 1963–64 season. [ 7 ] At the time, there were five Oberligen ( premier leagues ) in plaza representing West Germany ‘s North, South, West, Southwest, and Berlin. East Germany, behind the Iron Curtain, maintained its break league structure. 46 clubs applied for entrance fee to the new league. 16 teams were selected based on their success on the airfield, economic criteria and representation of the respective Oberligen .
The first base Bundesliga games were played on 24 August 1963. early darling 1. FC Köln was the first base Bundesliga ace ( with 45:15 points ) over second place clubs Meidericher SV and Eintracht Frankfurt ( both 39:21 ) .

reunion [edit ]

Following german reunion, the east german leagues were merged into the west german system. Dynamo Dresden and FC Hansa Rostock were seeded into the top-tier Bundesliga division, with other clubs being sorted into lower tiers .

rival format [edit ]

The german football supporter is decided strictly by play in the Bundesliga. Each golf club plays every other cabaret once at home and once away. in the first place, a victory was worth two points, with one point for a draw and none for a personnel casualty. Since the 1995–96 season, a victory has been worth three points, while a reap remains worth a unmarried point, and zero points are given for a loss. The club with the most points at the end of the season becomes german ace. presently, the top four clubs in the table qualify automatically for the group phase of the UEFA Champions League. The two teams at the bottom of the mesa are relegated into the 2. Bundesliga, while the clear two teams in the 2. Bundesliga are promoted. The 16th-placed team ( third-last ), and the third-placed team in the 2. Bundesliga play a two-leg play-off match. The winner of this equal plays the future season in the Bundesliga, and the failure in the 2. Bundesliga. If teams are level on points, tie-breakers are applied in the follow club :

1. Goal difference for the entire season
2. Total goals scored for the entire season
3. Head-to-head results (total points)
4. Head-to-head goals scored
5. Head-to-head away goals scored
6. Total away goals scored for the entire season

If two clubs are still tied after all of these tie-breakers have been applied, a single catch is held at a neutral site to determine the placement. however, this has never been necessary in the history of the Bundesliga. In terms of team choice, matchday squads must have no more than five non-EU representatives. Nine substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the bet on .

Changes in league structure [edit ]

• Number of teams:
  • 1963–64 to 1964–65: 16
  • 1965–66 to 1990–91: 18
  • 1991–92: 20, while the East German league was being included after German reunification
  • Since 1992–93: 18
• Number of teams relegated (automatic relegation except as noted):
  • 1963–64 to 1973–74: 2
  • 1974–75 to 1980–81: 3
  • 1981–82 to 1990–91: 2 automatic plus the 16th-place team in the First Bundesliga played a two-leg relegation match against the third-place team of the Second Bundesliga for the final spot in the First Bundesliga
  • 1991–92: 4
  • 1992–93 to 2007–08: 3
  • Since 2008–09: 2 automatic plus the 16th-place team in the First Bundesliga playing a two-leg relegation match against the third-place team of the Second Bundesliga for the final spot in the First Bundesliga

qualification for european competitions [edit ]

• 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th place: Group stage of UEFA Champions League
• 5th place: Group stage of UEFA Europa League
• 6th place: Third qualifying round of Europa League
• Until the 2016–17 season, an additional place in the Europa League could also be granted via the UEFA Fair Play mechanism. This rule was maintained from the UEFA Cup. The last Bundesliga team to gain entry to the UEFA Cup via the fair play rule was Mainz 05 in 2005–06.
• DFB-Pokal (German Cup) winner: Qualifies for group stage of Europa League regardless of league position.
  • Until 2015–16, if the Cup winner qualified for the Champions League, the cup winner’s place in the Europa League went to the defeated cup finalist if it had not already qualified for European competition, although the defeated cup finalist would enter the competition a stage earlier than if it had won the Cup. This rule was retained from the Europa League’s predecessor, the UEFA Cup. From 2015 to 2016, the runners-up no longer qualify for the Europa League and the Europa League berth reserved for the DFB-Pokal winners is transferred to the highest finisher below the Champions League qualification places.
    • Prior to 2015–16, the team that benefited from that rule did not necessarily have to be a Bundesliga member. For example, although 2. Bundesliga sides Alemannia Aachen lost to Werder Bremen in the 2004 DFB-Pokal Final, Alemannia secured an entry in the 2004–05 UEFA Cup, because Werder qualified for the Champions League as First Bundesliga champions.

The total of German clubs which may participate in UEFA competitions is determined by UEFA coefficients, which take into account the results of a detail nation ‘s clubs in UEFA competitions over the preceding five years .

History of European qualification

• European Cup/Champions League:
  • Up to and including 1996–97: German champion only.
  • 1997–99: Top two teams; champions automatically into group phase, runners-up entered the qualifying round.
  • 1999–2008: Top two teams automatically into first group phase (only one group phase starting in 2003–04). Depending on the DFB’s UEFA coefficients standing, either one or two other clubs (most recently one) entered at the third qualifying round; winners at this level entered the group phase.
  • 2008–11: Top two teams automatically into group phase. Third placed team had to play in the play-off round for the right to play in the group stage.
• UEFA Cup/Europa League:
  • From 1971–72 to 1998–99, UEFA member nations could send between one and four teams to the UEFA Cup. Germany was always entitled to send at least three teams to the competition and often as many as four. From 1978–79, the number of participants was determined by the DFB’s UEFA coefficient standing, prior to this the method for deciding the number of participants is unknown. The best performing teams in the league other than the champion would qualify, although if one of these teams was also winner of the DFB-Pokal then they would enter the Cup Winners’ Cup instead and their UEFA Cup place would be taken by the next highest-placed team in the league (5th or 6th place). Briefly in the mid-1970s the DFB decided to allocate the last UEFA Cup place to the DFB-Pokal runner-up instead of a third or fourth team qualified by performance in the league, meaning that at this point the DFB-Pokal qualified two teams for European competition (winners for the Cup Winners’ Cup, runners-up for the UEFA Cup). This policy was unique amongst UEFA member associations and was dropped after only a few seasons. Starting with the 1999–2000 season and the abolition of the Cup Winners’ Cup (which was then folded into the UEFA Cup), the DFB-Pokal winner now automatically qualified for the UEFA Cup alongside, depending on the DFB’s UEFA coefficients standing, between one and three extra participants (if the DFB-Pokal winner also qualified for the Champions League, they were replaced by the DFB-Pokal runner-up; if they were also qualified for the Champions League, the UEFA Cup place went to the next best placed team in the league not otherwise qualified for European competition). Since 1999, the DFB has always been entitled to enter a minimum of three clubs in the UEFA Cup/Europa League, and at times as many as four (the maximum for any European federation). Teams that entered via UEFA’s Fair Play mechanism, or those that entered through the now-defunct Intertoto Cup, did not count against the national quota. From 2006 through the final Intertoto Cup in 2008, only one First Bundesliga side was eligible to enter the Intertoto Cup and possibly earn a UEFA Cup berth. For the 2005–06 season, the DFB earned an extra UEFA Cup place via the Fair Play draw; this place went to Mainz 05 as the highest-ranked club in the Fair Play table of the First Bundesliga not already qualified for Europe.
• Cup Winners’ Cup (abolished after 1999):
  • The winner of the DFB-Pokal entered the Cup Winners’ Cup, unless that team was also league champion and therefore competing in the European Cup/Champions League, in which case their place in the Cup Winners’ Cup was taken by the DFB-Pokal runner-up. Today, the DFB-Pokal winner (if not otherwise qualified for the Champions League) enters the UEFA Europa League.

Clubs [edit ]

a establish member of the Bundesliga
boron Never been relegated from the Bundesliga

Members for 2021–22 [edit ]

business model [edit ]

In the 2009–10 season the Bundesliga ‘s dollar volume was €1.7bn, broken down into match-day tax income ( €424m ), sponsorship receipts ( €573m ) and circulate income ( €594m ). That year it was the merely european football league where club jointly made a profit. Bundesliga clubs paid less than 50 % of tax income in players wages, the lowest percentage out of the European leagues. The Bundesliga has the lowest ticket prices and the highest average attendance among Europe ‘s five major leagues. [ 12 ] Bundesliga clubs tend to form close associations with local firms, several of which have since grown into big ball-shaped companies ; in a comparison of leading Bundesliga and Premiership clubs, Bayern Munich received 55 % of its gross from company sponsorship deals, while Manchester United got 37 %. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Bundesliga clubs are required to be majority-owned by german cabaret members ( known as the 50+1 govern [ de ] to discourage control condition by a single entity ) and operate under tight restrictions on the use of debt for acquisitions ( a team only receives an operational license if it has solid financials ), as a consequence 11 of the 18 clubs were profitable after the 2008–09 season. By contrast, in the other major european leagues numerous high-profile teams have come under ownership of foreign billionaires and a significant issue of clubs have high levels of debt. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Exceptions to the 50+1 dominion allow Bayer Leverkusen, 1899 Hoffenheim, and VfL Wolfsburg to be owned by corporations or individual investors. In the cases of Bayer Leverkusen and Wolfsburg, the clubs were founded by major corporations ( respectively Bayer AG and Volkswagen ) as sports clubs for their employees, while Hoffenheim has long received its elementary patronize from SAP co-founder Dietmar Hopp, who played in the club ‘s young system. [ 16 ] After 2000 the German Football Association and the Bundesliga required every club to run a young person academy with the bearing of developing local endowment for the club and the national team. As of 2010 the Bundesliga and second Bundesliga spend €75m a class on these youth academies, which train five thousand players aged 12–18. This increased the share of under-23-year-olds in the Bundesliga from 6 % in 2000 to 15 % in 2010. This in call on allows more money to be spent on the smaller number of players that are bought. [ 12 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] In the 2000s, the Bundesliga was regarded as competitive, as five teams have won the league claim. This contrasted with the English Premier League dominated by a “ boastful Four ” ( Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool, and Arsenal ), ampere well as France ‘s Ligue 1, won seven straight years by Lyon. [ 17 ] In the second decade, however, a resurgent Bayern Munich has won each year from 2013 to 2021 ahead. [ 18 ] [ 19 ]

fiscal regulations [edit ]

For a number of years, the clubs in the Bundesliga have been subject to regulations not unlike the UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations agreed upon in September 2009. At the end of each season, clubs in the Bundesliga must apply to the german Football Federation ( DFB ) for a license to participate again the stick to year ; only when the DFB, who have access to all transfer documents and accounts, are satisfied that there is no terror of insolvency do they give approval. [ citation needed ] The DFB have a system of fines and points deductions for clubs who flout rules and those who go into the bolshevik can merely buy a player after selling one for at least the same sum. In addition, no individual is allowed to own more than 49 per penny of any Bundesliga club, the only exceptions being VfL Wolfsburg, Bayer Leverkusen and stream 3. Liga member FC Carl Zeiss Jena should they ever be promoted to the Bundesliga as they were each founded as factory teams. [ 13 ]
Despite the well economic administration, there have calm been some instances of clubs getting into difficulties. In 2004, Borussia Dortmund reported a debt of €118.8 million ( £83 million ). [ 20 ] Having won the Champions League in 1997 and a count of Bundesliga titles, Dortmund had gambled on maintaining their success with an expensive group of largely alien players but failed, narrowly escaping extermination in 2006. In subsequent years, the club went through across-the-board restructure to return to fiscal health, largely with young home-grown players. In 2004 Hertha BSC reported debts of £24.7 million and were able to continue in the Bundesliga only after proving they had long term accredit with their savings bank. [ 20 ] The leading german club Bayern Munich made a web profit of just €2.5 million in 2008–09 season ( group accounts ), [ 21 ] while Schalke 04 made a net loss of €30.4 million in 2009 fiscal year. [ 22 ] Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA, made a net loss of just €2.9 million in 2008–09 season. [ 23 ]

Attendances [edit ]

Based on its per-game average, the Bundesliga is the best-attended association football league in the world ; out of all sports, its average of 45,116 fans per crippled during the 2011–12 season was the second highest of any professional sports league cosmopolitan, behind lone the National Football League of the United States. [ 2 ] Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund has the highest median attendance of any football cabaret in the universe. [ 24 ]

Out of Europe ‘s five major football leagues ( Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1, and Serie A ), the Bundesliga has the lowest tag prices and the highest modal attendance. many club stadia have big terraced areas for standing fans ( by comparison, stadium in the English Premier League are all-seaters due to the Taylor Report ). Teams limit the number of temper tickets to ensure everyone has a find to see the games live, and the aside baseball club has the right to 10 % of the available capacity. Match tickets frequently doubly as free rail passes which encourages supporters to travel and celebrate in a relaxed atmosphere. According to Bundesliga foreman executive Christian Seifert, tickets are cheap ( specially for standing room ) as “ It is not in the clubs ‘ culture therefore much [ to raise prices ]. They are very sports fan orientated ”. [ 12 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Uli Hoeneß, president of Bayern Munich, was quoted as saying “ We do not think the fans are like cows to be milked. football has got to be for everybody. ” [ 13 ]
The Bundesliga has the highest average attendance of any football league in the populace. Borussia Dortmund has the highest average attendance at Signal Iduna Park of any football club in the worldly concern. The spectator pump figures for league for the last ten seasons :

Media coverage [edit ]

domestic [edit ]

The Bundesliga television, radio, internet, and mobile broadcast rights are distributed by DFL Sports Enterprises, a subsidiary company of the Deutsche Fußball Liga. The Bundesliga broadcast rights are sold along with the circulate rights to the relegation playoffs, 2. Bundesliga and DFL-Supercup. [ 38 ] From 2017 to 2018 to 2018–19, Bundesliga matches were broadcast on television in Germany on Sky Deutschland and Eurosport. Prior to the 2019–20 season, Eurosport sublicensed its broadcast rights to sports streaming service DAZN, which will broadcast games previously allocated to Eurosport until the conclusion of the 2020–21 season. [ 39 ] Three Friday night matches – the openers of the first and second halves of the season, and on the concluding matchday before the winter separate – are broadcast to all Germans on ZDF. Starting with the 2018–19 season, Sky began arranging simulcasts of high-profile Saturday games on free television to promote its coverage of the league. The April 2019 Revierderby was broadcast on Das Erste, and two extra games during the 2019–20 temper were broadcast on ZDF. [ 40 ] [ 41 ]
radio coverage includes the national Konferenz ( whip-around coverage ) on the stations of ARD and wax match coverage on local anesthetic radio stations .

ball-shaped [edit ]

The Bundesliga is broadcast on television receiver in over 200 countries The Bundesliga is broadcast on television receiver in over 200 countries. ESPN has held rights in the United States since the get down of the 2020–21 temper. 4 matches per season are reserved for linear television with the rest appearing on ESPN+. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] In Canada, broadcast rights were sub-licensed to Sportsnet and Sportsnet World. [ 44 ] In the United Kingdom and in Ireland, the Bundesliga is broadcast hot on BT Sport. In Spain, the Bundesliga is broadcast live on Movistar+. [ 45 ] In 2015, digital television receiver hustler StarTimes acquired exclusive television rights for Sub-Saharan Africa for five years starting from 2015 to 2016 season. [ 46 ]

Champions [edit ]

In total, 43 clubs have won the German championship, including titles won before the Bundesliga ‘s origin and those in the east german Oberliga. The record champions are Bayern Munich with 30 titles, [ 47 ] ahead of BFC Dynamo with 10 ( all in the DDR-Oberliga ) and 1. FC Nürnberg with 9 .

performance by club [edit ]

Clubs in bold presently play in the crown division .
No club from erstwhile East Germany or Berlin has won the Bundesliga .

Honours [edit ]

In 2004, the honor of “ Verdiente Meistervereine ” ( roughly “ signalize champion clubs ” ) was introduced, following a custom first practised in Italy [ 49 ] to recognise sides that have won three or more championships since 1963 by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. Each state ‘s usage is alone, with the postdate rules applying in Germany : [ 50 ]

• 3 Bundesliga titles: 1 star
• 5 Bundesliga titles: 2 stars
• 10 Bundesliga titles: 3 stars
• 20 Bundesliga titles: 4 stars
• 30 Bundesliga titles: 5 stars

The erstwhile east german side BFC Dynamo laid claim to the three stars of a 10-time champion. The club asked for equal rights and petitioned the DFL and the DFB to have their DDR-Oberliga titles recognised. BFC Dynamo received support from SG Dynamo Dresden and 1. FC Magdeburg in its attempts to achieve recognition for east german titles. [ 51 ] The DFL finally answered that it was not the creditworthy body and pointed to the DFB, but the DFB remained silent for long time. BFC Dynamo finally took matters into their own hands and emblazoned its jersey with three stars, while a decisiveness was hush pending. [ 52 ] This caused some consider because the club had been the darling baseball club of Erich Mielke during the east german earned run average. There were rumours that the ten-spot titles won by the club were besides due to alleged manipulation of the game by Erich Mielke, while there is no proof that referees stood under mastermind instructions from the Stasi and no document has ever been found in the archives that gave the Stasi a mandate to bribe referees. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ] Critics in the DFB environment pointed to politically determine championships in East Germany. [ 56 ] BFC Dynamo had been supported by the Stasi and had been advantaged. [ 56 ] The club had enjoyed privileged access to talents and access to a permanent train camp at Uckley in Königs Wusterhausen. however, besides other clubs in East Germany had enjoyed like advantages, which put the DFB in a unmanageable position. [ 56 ] Additionally, former East german reviewer and CDU parlamentarian Bernd Heynemann spoke out for recognition of all East german titles. [ 53 ] The issue of recognition for titles outside the Bundesliga besides affected pre-Bundesliga champions, such as Hertha BSC. The DFB last decided in November 2005 to allow all former champions to display a single star inscribed with the numeral of titles, including all german men ‘s titles since 1903, women ‘s titles since 1974 and east german titles. [ 57 ] The DFB format only applies to teams playing below the Bundesliga ( below the top two divisions ), since the DFL conventions apply in the Bundesliga. Greuther Fürth unofficially display three ( silver ) stars for pre-war titles in hurt of being in the Bundesliga. These stars are a permanent function of their crest. however, Fürth has to leave the stars out of their jersey. Since June 2010, the following clubs have been officially allowed to wear stars while playing in the Bundesliga. The numeral in parentheses is for Bundesliga titles won .
In addition, a system of one star designation was adopted for use. This arrangement is intended to take into report not only Bundesliga titles but besides other ( now defunct ) national championships. As of July 2014, the follow clubs are allowed to wear one star while playing outside the Bundesliga. The number in parentheses is for sum league championships won over the naturally of german football history, and would be displayed within the ace. Some teams listed here had different names while winning their respective championships, these names are besides noted in parentheses .
* presently member of 1. Bundesliga
** presently extremity of 2. Bundesliga
*** presently member of 3. Liga

Logo history [edit ]

For the first time in 1996, the Bundesliga was given its own logo to distinguish itself. Six years late, the logo was revamped into a portrait orientation, which was used until 2010. A modern logo was announced for the 2010–11 season in order to modernise the trade name logo for all media platforms. [ 58 ] To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Bundesliga, a limited logo was developed for the 2012–13 season, featuring a “ 50 ” and “ 1963–2013 ”. [ 59 ] Following the season, the 2010 logo was restored. In December 2016, it was announced that a newly logo would be used for the 2017–18 season, modified slightly for digitization requirements, featuring a matte expression. [ 60 ]

• Logo used from 1996 to 2002
• Logo used from 2002 to 2006
• Logo used from 2006 to 2010
• Logo used from 2010 to 2012 and 2013–2017
• Logo used during the 2012–13 season, the 50th Bundesliga season
• Logo used from 2017

influence and criticism [edit ]

The Dutch football schools, which existed and developed the Netherlands into one of Europe and the world ‘s major football forces, have been strongly influenced and galvanised with german football philosophy, in particular by experiences of dutch players and managers in Bundesliga. [ 61 ] Former England international Owen Hargreaves hailed the Bundesliga aboard Pep Guardiola for its incontrovertible affect on nurturing young talents, noting that the Bundesliga is the best league in the world to promote young footballers. [ 62 ] Many unseasoned English talents have sought refuge in Germany in order to regain seaworthiness and football skills. [ 63 ] Outside Europe, the J.League of Japan, which was founded in 1992, was powerfully influenced by the philosophy of the Bundesliga. Since then, the J.League has managed to establish itself as one of the best football leagues in Asia, in which it shares a beneficial relationship with its german counterpart. [ 64 ] The Bundesliga has earned praise for its reputation on full fiscal management and the physical fitness of players. [ 65 ] The Bundesliga outperformed the English Premier League in 2017 in on-line influence in China, having been accredited for its open embrace of live-streaming and fast-forward visions. [ 66 ] The Bundesliga has at times been criticised for a perceive lack of competitiveness due to the continued dominance of FC Bayern Munich. The club has won a read 30 titles in the modern Bundesliga earned run average since 1963 ; a greater flat of success than their rivals by a considerable margin. indeed, the Bavarian club has won every consecutive title since the 2011–12 season. [ 67 ] Former Germany international Stefan Effenberg has suggested that the league be restructured in club to end Bayern ‘s laterality. [ 68 ]

Records [edit ]

Appearances [edit ]

As of 1 June 2016[69]

exceed scorers [edit ]

As of 19 November 2021.[70]

Boldface indicates a player still active in the Bundesliga .

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]

Media related to Fußball-Bundesliga ( Germany ) at Wikimedia Commons

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