Reading: UEFA Euro 2012
International football competition
The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, normally referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or just Euro 2012, was the fourteenth european backing for men ‘s national football teams organised by UEFA. The final tournament, held between 8 June and 1 July 2012, was co-hosted for the first gear time by Poland and Ukraine, and was won by Spain, who beat Italy 4–0 in the final at the Olympic Stadium, Kyiv, Ukraine. [ 1 ] Poland and Ukraine ‘s bid was chosen by the UEFA Executive Committee on 18 April 2007. [ 2 ] The two master of ceremonies teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a passing competition, featuring 51 teams, from August 2010 to November 2011. This was the last european Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 ahead, it was expanded to 24 finalists. euro 2012 was played at eight venues, four in each horde nation. Five fresh stadiums were built for the tournament, and the hosts invested heavy in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA ‘s request. euro 2012 hardened attendance records for the 16-team format, for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and modal per game ( 46,481 ). Spain became the first base team to win two back-to-back european Championships, and besides three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008, 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ). [ 3 ] Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the World Cup, so runner-up Italy qualified alternatively. As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland, both 2012 horde nations were eliminated in the group stage .
Bid summons [edit ]
The host of the event was initially contested by five bids representing seven countries : Croatia–Hungary, Greece, Italy, Poland–Ukraine, and Turkey. [ 4 ] In November 2005, after an initial circumstance of the bid data by UEFA, both the Greek and turkish bids were eliminated from the procedure, to leave three candidates. [ 5 ] In May 2006, this was followed by a moment round of the survival procedure, which included visits by UEFA to all candidates. [ 6 ] The final decision was due to be announced on 8 December 2006 in Nyon, but this was postponed to “ give bidding associations more time for the polish of their bids ”. [ 7 ] On 18 April 2007, the Poland–Ukraine wish was chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee, at a meet in Cardiff. [ 2 ] Poland–Ukraine became the third successful joint command for the European Championship, after those of Belgium–Netherlands ( 2000 ) and Austria–Switzerland ( 2008 ). Their wish received an absolute majority of votes, and was therefore announced the winner, without requiring a second base round. Italy, which received the remaining votes, [ 2 ] had been considered favourites to win the host, but incidents of fan ferocity and a match-fixing scandal were widely cited as factors behind their failure. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] There were some late alterations from the initial bid design, regarding the venues, before UEFA confirmed the eight host cities in 2009. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] During the cooking work in Poland and Ukraine, UEFA repeatedly expressed concern about their planning to host the event, with unlike candidates reported as being alternate hosts if they did not improve ; [ 13 ] [ 14 ] however, in the end, UEFA affirmed their selection. [ 15 ]
qualification [edit ]
The draw for the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying rival took place in Warsaw on 7 February 2010. [ 16 ] Fifty-one teams entered to compete for the fourteen remaining places in the finals, aboard co-hosts Poland and Ukraine. The teams were divided into nine groups, with the tie using the new UEFA national team coefficient for the first time in order to determine the seedings. As defending champions, Spain was automatically top-seeded. The qualifying process began in August 2010 and concluded in November 2011. At the termination of the qualifying group stage in October 2011, the nine group winners qualified automatically, along with the highest rank second placed team. The remaining eight-second placed teams contested two-legged play-offs, and the four winners qualified for the finals. [ 17 ] twelve of the sixteen finalists participated at the previous tournament in 2008. England and Denmark made their hark back to the Euro, having final participated in 2004, while Republic of Ireland returned after a twenty-four-year absence to make their moment appearance at a european Championship. One of the co-hosts, Ukraine, made their debut as an independent nation ( before 1992 Ukraine participated as separate of the Soviet Union ). With the exception of Serbia – according to UEFA ‘s rank at the end of the qualify degree – Europe ‘s sixteen highest-ranked teams all qualified for the tournament .
Qualified teams [edit ]
The following sixteen teams qualified for the finals : [ 18 ]
Final draw [edit ]
The draw for the final tournament took place on 2 December 2011 at the Ukraine Palace of Arts in Kyiv, Ukraine. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] The hour-long ceremony was hosted by Olha Freimut and Piotr Sobczyński, television presenters from the two horde countries. As was the case for the 2004 and 2008 finals, the sixteen finalists were divided into four seeding pots, using the UEFA national team coefficient ranking. [ 21 ] The batch allocations were based on the UEFA home team coefficient rankings of the sixteen finalists at the end of the qualifying rival in November 2011. [ 22 ] Each nation ‘s coefficient was generated by calculating :
aside from the coefficient, three teams were automatically placed in Pot 1. ukraine and Poland were both assigned to Pot 1 as the two server nations, despite the fact that their rankings were the two lowest in the tournament ; this besides occurred in 2008 when the co-hosts Switzerland and Austria were besides ranked below all other qualify teams. As defending champions, Spain were besides mechanically assigned to Pot 1, though their UEFA rank at the time of the draw was coincidentally besides the best. In the draw operation, one team from each batch was drawn into each of the four groups. The pull back besides determined which space in the group teams in pots 2–4 would take ( e.g. A2, A3 or A4 ) to create the equal schedule. With Poland automatically assigned in advance to A1, and Ukraine to D1, Pot 1 only had two teams as Spain and the Netherlands were to be drawn into position one in either group B or C. [ 21 ] [ 23 ] The balls were drawn by four former players who had each been depart of european Championship winning teams : Horst Hrubesch, Marco avant-garde Basten, Peter Schmeichel and Zinedine Zidane. [ 24 ]
- ^ Co-hosts Poland ( coefficient 23,806 ; rank 28th ) and Ukraine ( coefficient 28,029 ; rank 15th ) were automatically assigned to positions A1 and D1, respectively .
- ^ Defending champions Spain ( coefficient 43,116 ; rank 1st ) were mechanically assigned to Pot 1 .
Teams were drawn consecutively into Group A to D. First, the Pot 1 teams were assigned to the first gear positions of their groups, while following the positions of all other teams were drawn individually from Pot 4 to 2 ( for the purposes of determining the match schedules in each group ). The draw resulted in the follow groups :
Venues [edit ]
Warsaw sports fan zone, view during a game, 16 June Eight cities were selected by UEFA as host venues. In a hark back to the format used at Euro 1992, Euro 1996 and Euro 2008, each of the four groups ‘ matches were played in two stadiums. Host cities Warsaw, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Poznań, Kyiv, and Lviv are all popular tourist destinations, unlike Donetsk and Kharkiv, the latter of which replaced Dnipropetrovsk as a host city in 2009. [ 25 ] In order to meet UEFA ‘s necessity for football infrastructure improvements, five new stadiums were built and opened in progress of the tournament. The remaining three stadiums ( in Kyiv, Poznań and Kharkiv ) undergo major renovations in order to meet UEFA ‘s infrastructure standards. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] Three of the stadiums are categorised as UEFA ‘s highest class stadiums. The tape drive infrastructure in Poland and Ukraine was besides extensively modified on the request of UEFA to cope with the boastfully inflow of football fans. [ 28 ] UEFA organised fan zones in the eight host cities. They were located in the centre of each city, with all 31 matches shown live on a total of 24 giant screens. The zones enabled supporters to come together in a impregnable and controlled environment. The Warsaw Fan Zone occupied 120,000 feather meters and accommodated 100,000 visitors. In all, the fans zones had a 20 % increase in capacity compared to Euro 2008. [ 29 ] A full of 31 matches were played during Euro 2012, with Ukraine hosting 16 of them and Poland 15 .
Ticketing [edit ]
Tickets for the venues were sold directly by UEFA via its web site, or distributed by the football associations of the 16 finalists. Applications had to be made during March 2011 for the 1.4 million tickets available for the 31 tournament matches. [ 30 ] Over 20,000 were forecast to cross the Poland–Ukraine border each day during the tournament. [ 31 ] Over 12 million applications were received, which represented a 17 % increase on the 2008 finals, and an all-time record for the UEFA European Championship. [ 32 ] Owing to this over-subscription for the matches, lotteries were carried out to allocate tickets. Prices varied from €30 ( £25 ) ( for a seat behind the goals at a group equal ) to €600 ( £513 ) ( for a seat in the main base at the final ). In summation to individual match tickets, fans could buy packages to see either all matches played by one team, or all matches at one specific venue. [ 33 ]
team base camps [edit ]
Each team had a “ team base camp ” for its stay between the matches. From an initial list of thirty-eight electric potential locations ( blackjack in Poland, seventeen in Ukraine ), [ 34 ] the national associations chose their locations in 2011. The teams trained and resided in these locations throughout the tournament, travelling to games staged away from their bases. [ 35 ] Thirteen teams stayed in Poland and three in Ukraine. [ 35 ]
Team
Base camp
Croatia
Warka
Czech Republic
Wrocław
Denmark
Kołobrzeg
England
Kraków
France
Donetsk
Germany
Gdańsk
Greece
Jachranka
Italy
Kraków
Netherlands
Kraków
Poland
Warsaw
Portugal
Opalenica
Republic of Ireland
Sopot
Russia
Warsaw
Spain
Gniewino
Sweden
Kyiv
Ukraine
Kyiv
Match ball [edit ]
The Adidas Tango 12 was the official equal testis of UEFA Euro 2012. [ 36 ] The ball is named after the master Adidas Tango family of footballs ; however, the Tango 12 and its variations have a completely modern plan. Variations of the ball have been used in other contemporary competitions including the Africa Cup of Nations and the Summer Olympics. It is designed to be easier to dribble and control than the reportedly unpredictable Adidas Jabulani used at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. [ 37 ]
Squads [edit ]
Each national team had to submit a squad of 23 players, three of whom must be goalkeepers, at least ten days before the open match of the tournament. If a player became injured or ill hard adequate to prevent his participation in the tournament before his team ‘s first gear match, he would be replaced by another player. [ 38 ]
match officials [edit ]
On 20 December 2011, UEFA named twelve referees and four one-fourth officials for Euro 2012. [ 39 ] On 27 March 2012, UEFA issued the full tilt of 80 referees to be used in Euro 2012, including the assistant referees, the extra adjunct referees, and the four military reserve adjunct referees. [ 40 ] Each refereeing team consisted of five match officials from the lapp nation : one chief referee, two adjunct referees, and two extra assistant referees. All of the main referees, extra assistant referees, and fourth officials were FIFA referees, and the assistant referees ( including the four reservation assistant referees ) were FIFA assistant referees. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] For each umpirage team, a one-third adjunct referee from each area was named to remain on standby until the start of the tournament to take the place of a colleague if required. [ 42 ] In two cases, for the french and slovenian referee teams, the standby adjunct referees took the space of one of the adjunct referees before the startle of the tournament. Continuing the experiments carried out in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League, the two extra assistant referees were used on the finish cable for the inaugural time in european Championship history with approval from the International Football Association Board. [ 39 ]
- a b Peter Kirkup was replaced by Dutch adjunct Sander avant-garde Roekel for the match Czech Republic–Portugal
Four match officials, who served only as fourth officials, and four reserve adjunct referees were besides named : [ 39 ] [ 40 ]
Group stage [edit ]
Winner
runner-up
Semi-finals
Quarter-finals
Group stage UEFA announced the schedule for the 31 matches of the final tournament in October 2010, [ 43 ] with the final confirmation of kick-offs times being affirmed following the tournament draw in December 2011. [ 44 ] The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progressed to the quarter-finals, while the bottomland two teams were eliminated from the tournament .
Tiebreakers [edit ]
If two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following tie-breaking criteria were applied : [ 38 ] [ 45 ]
- Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
- Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question;
- Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question;
- If, after having applied criteria 1 to 3, teams still had an equal ranking (e.g. if criteria 1 to 3 were applied to three teams that were level on points initially and these criteria separated one team from the other two who still have an equal ranking), criteria 1 to 3 would be reapplied exclusively to the matches between the teams who were still level to determine their final rankings. If this procedure did not lead to a decision, criteria 5 to 9 would apply;
- Superior goal difference in all group matches;
- Higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
- If two teams tie alone (according to 1–5) after having met in the last round of the group stage their ranking is determined by penalty shoot-out.
- Position in the UEFA national team coefficient ranking system;
- Fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);
- Drawing of lots.
Group A [edit ]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Czech Republic
3
2
0
1
4
5
−1
6
Advance to knockout phase
2
Greece
3
1
1
1
3
3
0
4[a]
3
Russia
3
1
1
1
5
3
+2
4[a]
4
Poland ( H )
3
0
2
1
2
3
−1
2
- a b neck and neck solution : Greece 1–0 Russia .
Group B [edit ]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Germany
3
3
0
0
5
2
+3
9
Advance to knockout phase
2
Portugal
3
2
0
1
5
4
+1
6
3
Denmark
3
1
0
2
4
5
−1
3
4
Netherlands
3
0
0
3
2
5
−3
0
Group C [edit ]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Spain
3
2
1
0
6
1
+5
7
Advance to knockout phase
2
Italy
3
1
2
0
4
2
+2
5
3
Croatia
3
1
1
1
4
3
+1
4
4
Republic of Ireland
3
0
0
3
1
9
−8
0
Group D [edit ]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
England
3
2
1
0
5
3
+2
7
Advance to knockout phase
2
France
3
1
1
1
3
3
0
4
3
Ukraine ( H )
3
1
0
2
2
4
−2
3[a]
4
Sweden
3
1
0
2
5
5
0
3[a]
- a b neck and neck resultant role : ukraine 2–1 Sweden .
Knockout phase [edit ]
In the hard phase, extra time and a penalty shoot-out were used to decide the achiever if necessary. As with every tournament since UEFA Euro 1984, there was no third plaza play-off .
bracket [edit ]
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal 21 June – Warsaw Czech Republic027 June – Donetsk Portugal1
Portugal0 (2)
Read more: Lille OSC
23 June – Donetsk Spainp)0 (4)
Spain21 July – Kyiv France0
Spain422 June – Gdańsk Italy0
Germany428 June – Warsaw Greece2
Germany124 June – Kyiv Italy2
England0 (2) Italyp)0 (4)
final [edit ]
Statistics [edit ]
Goalscorers [edit ]
There were 76 goals scored in 31 matches, for an modal of 2.45 goals per match. 3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
1 own goal
informant : UEFA [ 78 ]
Awards [edit ]
- UEFA Team of the Tournament
The UEFA Technical Team was charged with naming a police squad composed of the 23 best players over the course of the tournament. [ 79 ] The group of eleven analysts watched every bet on at the tournament before making their decision after the concluding. ten players from the winning spanish team were selected in the team of the tournament, while Zlatan Ibrahimović was the alone player to be included whose team was knocked out in the group stage. [ 79 ] [ 80 ]
- Golden Boot
Fernando Torres tied with five other players on goals and with Mario Gómez on goals and assists ; however, he played 92 fewer minutes than Gómez did, thus earning the style. Torres besides became the beginning actor to score in two finals. [ 3 ]
- UEFA Player of the Tournament
Prize money [edit ]
A total of € 196 million was given to the 16 teams competing in this tournament, an increase from the €184 million in the previous tournament. Each team received an initial €8 million and then received extra money, based on their performances. [ 83 ] Spain, the winners of Euro 2012, were awarded a sum prize of €23 million for their operation. [ 84 ] The maximum prize accomplishable ( for winning all group matches and winning the final ) was €23.5 million .
complete list :
- Prize for participating: €8 million
Extra payment based on teams performances :
- Champions: €7.5 million
- Runner-up: €4.5 million
- Reaching the semi-finals: €3 million
- Reaching the quarter-finals: €2 million
- Finishing in third place in a group: €1 million
- Winning a group match: €1 million
- Drawing a group match: €500,000
Besides money, commemorative plaques were given to all participants together with particular plaques for semi-final losers and finalists. Gold and silver medals were awarded to the winners and runner-up, respectively, whereas both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals. The trophy given to the winners remains in the ownership of UEFA ; however, the winning state, Spain, received a life-size replica. [ 38 ]
discipline [edit ]
In the final examination tournament, a player was suspended for the subsequent match in the competition for either getting bolshevik wag or accumulating two yellow cards in two different matches. UEFA ‘s Control and Disciplinary body has the ability to increase the automatic one equal bachelor of arts in nursing for a bolshevik card ( e.g. for violent conduct ). Single yellow menu cautions were erased at the termination of the quarter-finals, and were not carried over to the semi-finals ( so that a actor could only be suspended for the final by getting a crimson card in the semi-final ). Single yellow cards and suspensions for yellow poster accumulations do not carry over to the 2014 FIFA World Cup reservation tournament matches. [ 38 ] The following players were suspended during the final tournament – for one or more games – as a resultant role of loss cards or yellow poster accumulations :
apart from discipline measures for yellow and red cards, UEFA fined the football associations of Croatia, [ 85 ] [ 86 ] England, [ 87 ] Germany, [ 88 ] Portugal, Russia, [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] and Spain a total of €417,000 for spectators incidents. [ 92 ] [ 93 ] [ 94 ] Furthermore, the Portuguese association was fined €5,000 for delaying the beginning of the second base half of the game against Germany. [ 93 ] In addition to these, danish striker Nicklas Bendtner was fined €100,000 and given a one equal banish ( to be applied in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification tournament ) for revealing his sponsor underpants, violating UEFA regulations, during the celebration of his second gear goal in the match against Portugal. [ 95 ] His fine was late paid by his sponsor. [ 96 ]
market [edit ]
Trophy tour [edit ]
The Henri Delaunay Trophy began a travel through the host cities seven weeks before the start of the tournament. A hundred days before the first match a 35.5-metre-high ( 116 foot ) hot air balloon in the form of the trophy was flown in Nyon, Switzerland and visited 14 cities throughout the host countries, reminding spectators of the at hand tournament. On 20 April 2012, the trophy tour started and visited the polish cities of Warsaw, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Poznań, Kraków, Katowice and Łódź. After the polish cities, the trophy visited seven ukrainian cities : Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, and Odesa. [ 97 ] [ 98 ]
Logo, motto and theme songs [edit ]
The competition motto, Creating History Together ( polish : Razem tworzymy przyszłość, literally, “ in concert we are creating the future ”, ukrainian : Творимо історію разом, Tvorymo istoriyu razom ), was announced along with the logo. The official logo for the tournament was unveiled at a limited consequence at Mykhailivska Square, Kyiv, on 14 December 2009 and was designed by Portuguese group Brandia Central. [ 99 ] It took its ocular identity from Wycinanki or Vytynanky, a traditional form of newspaper cutting practised in rural areas of Poland and Ukraine. The art imprint symbolises the nature of the rural areas of both countries. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] As character of the consequence, landmark buildings in the eight host cities were illuminated with the tournament logo. [ 102 ] The official Euro 2012 song was “ Endless Summer “ by the german singer Oceana. In addition, UEFA retained the tune that was composed by Rollo Armstrong of Faithless on its behalf for the 2008 tournament. [ 103 ] [ 104 ] The Republic of Ireland besides produced an official song : “ The Rocky Road to Poland “, recorded by a collaboration of irish performers, quickly reached number 1 in Ireland and stayed there for three weeks. [ 105 ] In Spain, the broadcasting caller Mediaset España commissioned the song “ No hay 2 sin 3 ”, performed by David Bisbal and Cali & El Dandee and produced by RedOne. [ 106 ] The tournament was besides associated with the sung “ Heart of Courage ” by Two Steps From Hell, which was played in the stadiums during the entrance of the players ( before the national hymn ) ; [ citation needed ] and besides “ Seven Nation Army “ by The White Stripes, in this case after every goal. [ 107 ]
Merchandise and mascots [edit ]
The mascots Slavek & Slavko UEFA signed a cosmopolitan license agreement with Warner Brothers Consumer Products to help promote the tournament. [ 108 ] The agreement involved license to third gear parties for a variety of other merchandising items. besides designed by Warner Bros. were the official tournament mascots, “ Slavek and Slavko ”, twins that wore the national color of the two host nations. The mascots were unveiled in December 2010, [ 109 ] and named following an on-line poll. [ 110 ]
Video game [edit ]
The UEFA Euro 2012 video game was released by EA Sports as a downloadable expansion throng for FIFA 12. [ 111 ]
UEFA announced ten-spot global sponsors and, for both Poland and Ukraine, three national sponsors as shown below. [ 112 ] These sponsorships together with the broadcast medium revenues were estimated to earn UEFA at least US $ 1.6 billion. [ 113 ]
Broadcasting [edit ]
According to UEFA requirements, TP ensured approximately 2х70 Gbit/s data communication speed from polish stadiums and 2х140 Gbit/s between Poland and Ukraine. This was required due to the fact that the matches were broadcast in HD choice. [ 124 ] The multilateral production utilised 31 cameras to cover the action on and around the pitch at every match, with extra cameras following activities around the game, such as team arrivals at the stadiums, interviews, and media conferences. [ 125 ] The official Euro 2012 broadcasting center was located at the Expo XXI International Centre in Warsaw. [ 124 ] The tournament was broadcast survive by around 100 television channels covering the whole world. [ 126 ] 150,000,000 people were expected to watch the matches each day. [ 127 ]
Concerns and controversies [edit ]
Police in Warsaw before the match between Poland and Russia After Poland and Ukraine were chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee as host countries for Euro 2012, several issues arose, which jeopardised the Polish/Ukrainian host condition. In Ukraine there were fiscal difficulties related to stadium and infrastructure renovation related to the economic crisis. [ 128 ] In Poland, issues arose related to corruption within the Polish Football Association. [ 129 ] In April 2009 however, the president of the united states of UEFA, Michel Platini announced that all was on traverse and that he saw no major problems. After a UEFA deputation visited Ukraine in September 2011, he stated the country was “ about ready for euro 2012 ”. [ 130 ] In the UK, there were allegations of racism in football in both host countries. The chief campaign of discussion was the BBC current affairs broadcast Panorama, entitled Euro 2012: Stadiums of Hate, which included recent footage of supporters chanting assorted anti-semitic slogans and displays of blank office symbols and banners in Poland, plus Nazi salutes and the perplex of South Asians in Ukraine. [ 131 ] The documentary was foremost echo in much of the british iron, but was then attacked for being unilateral and unethical : critics included other british media outlets ; anti-racism campaigners, black and jewish community leaders in Poland ; polish and ukrainian politicians and journalists ; England fans visiting the host nations and Gary Lineker, a british football star. [ 132 ] [ 133 ] [ 134 ] [ 135 ] In reception to Yulia Tymoshenko ‘s hunger strike and her mistreatment in a ukrainian prison some european politicians and governments announced that they would boycott the matches in Ukraine. [ 136 ] [ 137 ] ukraine came under criticism from animal benefit organisations for killing stray cats and dogs in orderliness to prepare for Euro 2012. [ 138 ] ukrainian Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources and Minister of the Environment promised to take action to prevent killing animals but it silent remains indecipherable how these measures were enforced. [ 139 ] The ministry ‘s comments besides suggested this would only be a irregular measure, drawing far criticism. [ 140 ] [ 141 ] [ 142 ] Bomb explosions took seat in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, on 27 April 2012 and were described as a terrorist fire that may jeopardise the organization of the tournament in Ukraine. [ 143 ] other authoritative issues were associated with FEMEN ‘s group protests against prostitution and sex tourism in Ukraine, and enormous increases in hotel prices by many hoteliers in the state. [ 144 ] [ 145 ] In sum, four nations were fined by UEFA for racist activities by their fans ( none of them were hosts ) : Germany, Spain, Croatia and Russia. [ 146 ]
Notes [edit ]
- ^[67] The match, primitively scheduled for 21:45 local prison term, was delayed 15 minutes to prevent overlap with the other Group D match between Ukraine and France, which had been delayed due to rain .
References [edit ]
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