Bundesliga – Wikipedia

This article is about the german men ‘s football league. For the german women ‘s football league, see Frauen-Bundesliga. For other uses, see Bundesliga ( disambiguation ) Association football league in Germany

Football league

The Bundesliga ( german : [ ˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa ] ( ) ; lit. ‘Federal League ‘ ), sometimes referred to as the Fußball-Bundesliga ( [ ˌfuːsbal- ] ) or 1. Bundesliga ( [ ˌeːɐ̯stə- ] ), is a professional association football league in Germany. At the peak of the german football league system, the Bundesliga is Germany ‘s basal football rival. The Bundesliga comprises 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga. Seasons run from August to May. Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played on weekdays. All of the Bundesliga clubs qualify for the DFB-Pokal. The winner of the Bundesliga qualifies for the DFL-Supercup. fifty-six clubs have competed in the Bundesliga since its establish. Bayern Munich has won the claim 30 times, the most among Bundesliga clubs. however, the Bundesliga has seen other champions, with Borussia Dortmund, Hamburger SV, Werder Bremen, Borussia Mönchengladbach, and VfB Stuttgart most outstanding among them. The Bundesliga is one of the top national leagues, ranked fourth in Europe according to UEFA ‘s league coefficient ranking for the 2020–21 temper, based on performances in european competitions over the past five seasons. [ 1 ] The Bundesliga led the UEFA rate from 1976 to 1984 and in 1990. It has besides produced the continent ‘s top-rated club six times. Bundesliga clubs have won eight UEFA Champions League, six UEFA Europa League, four european Cup Winners ‘ Cup, two UEFA Super Cup, two FIFA Club World Cup, and three Intercontinental Cup titles. Its players have accumulated nine Ballon d’Or awards, one The Best FIFA Men ‘s Player awards, three european Golden Shoe, and three UEFA Men ‘s Player of the class awards including UEFA Club Footballer of the year. The Bundesliga is the number one football league in the world in terms of average attendance ; out of all sports, its median of 45,134 fans per game during the 2011–12 season was the second-highest of any sports league in the global after the american english National Football League. [ 2 ] The Bundesliga is broadcast on television in over 200 countries. [ 3 ] The Bundesliga was founded in 1962 in Dortmund [ 4 ] and the beginning season started in 1963. The structure and arrangement of the Bundesliga, along with Germany ‘s early football leagues, have undergo frequent changes. The Bundesliga was founded by the Deutscher Fußball-Bund ( english : german Football Association ), but is now operated by the Deutsche Fußball Liga ( english : german Football League ) .

overview [edit ]

The Bundesliga is composed of two divisions : the 1. Bundesliga ( although it is rarely referred to with the First prefix ), and, below that, the 2. Bundesliga ( 2nd Bundesliga ), which has been the second tier of german football since 1974. The Bundesligen ( plural ) are master leagues. Since 2008, the 3. Liga ( 3rd League ) in Germany has besides been a master league, but may not be called Bundesliga because the league is run by the German Football Association ( DFB ) and not, as are the two Bundesligen, by the german Football League ( DFL ). Below the degree of the 3. Liga, leagues are generally subdivided on a regional footing. For exemplar, the Regionalligen are presently made up of Nord ( North ), Nordost ( Northeast ), Süd ( South ), Südwest ( Southwest ) and West divisions. Below this are thirteen parallel divisions, most of which are called Oberligen ( amphetamine leagues ) which represent federal states or large urban and geographic areas. The levels below the Oberligen disagree between the local areas. The league structure has changed frequently and typically reflects the degree of engagement in the mutant in versatile parts of the country. In the early 1990s, changes were driven by the reunion of Germany and the subsequent consolidation of the national league of East Germany. Every team in the two Bundesligen must have a license to play in the league, or else they are relegated into the regional leagues. To obtain a license, teams must be financially healthy and meet certain standards of conduct as organisations. As in early national leagues, there are significant benefits to being in the top division :

• A greater share of television broadcast licence revenues goes to 1. Bundesliga sides.
• 1. Bundesliga teams draw significantly greater levels of fan support. Average attendance in the first league is 42,673 per game—more than twice the average of the 2. Bundesliga.
• Greater exposure through television and higher attendance levels helps 1. Bundesliga teams attract the most lucrative sponsorships.
• 1. Bundesliga teams develop substantial financial muscle through the combination of television and gate revenues, sponsorships and marketing of their team brands. This allows them to attract and retain skilled players from domestic and international sources and to construct first-class stadium facilities.

The 1. Bundesliga is financially strong, and the 2. Bundesliga has begun to evolve in a similar commission, becoming more stable organizationally and financially, and reflecting an increasingly higher standard of professional play. [ citation needed ]
internationally, the most well-known german clubs include Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, Schalke 04, Hamburger SV, VfB Stuttgart, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Werder Bremen and Bayer Leverkusen. [ citation needed ] Hamburger SV was the entirely club to have played endlessly in the Bundesliga since its foundation garment, until 12 May 2018, when the club was relegated for the first time. In the 2008–09 season, the Bundesliga reinstated an earlier german organization of promotion and relegation, which had been in practice from 1981 until 1991 :

• The bottom two finishers in the Bundesliga are automatically relegated to the 2. Bundesliga, with the top two finishers in the 2. Bundesliga taking their places.
• The third-from-bottom club in the Bundesliga will play a two-legged tie with the third-place team from the 2. Bundesliga, with the winner taking up the final place in the following season’s Bundesliga.

From 1992 until 2008, a different organization was used, in which the bed three finishers of the Bundesliga had been mechanically relegated, to be replaced by the top three finishers in the 2. Bundesliga. From 1963 until 1981 two, or later three, teams had been relegated from the Bundesliga automatically, while promotion had been decided either wholly or partially in promotion play-offs. The temper starts in early August [ 5 ] and lasts until former May, with a winter pause of six weeks ( mid-december through to the end of January ). Starting with the 2021–22 season, kick off times have been changed with Friday matches starting at 8:30 phase modulation, Saturdays at 3:30 phase modulation and 6:30 promethium, and Sundays at 3:30 promethium, 5:30 promethium and 7:30 prime minister. [ 6 ]

history [edit ]

Origins [edit ]

prior to the formation of the Bundesliga, German football was played at an amateur level in a big number of sub-regional leagues until, in 1949, half-time ( semi- ) professionalism was introduced and only five regional Oberligen (Premier Leagues) remained. regional champions and runner-up played a series of playoff matches for the right to compete in a final game for the national backing. On 28 January 1900, a national association, the Deutscher Fußball Bund ( DFB ) had been founded in Leipzig with 86 member clubs. The first accredit home championship team was VfB Leipzig, who beat DFC Prague 7–2 in a game played at Altona on 31 May 1903. Through the 1950s, there were stay calls for the formation of a central professional league, particularly as professional leagues in other countries began to draw Germany ‘s best players away from the semi-professional domestic leagues. At the international level, the german game began to falter as german teams much fared ailing against professional teams from early countries. A key assistant of the central league concept was national team head bus Sepp Herberger who said, “ If we want to remain competitive internationally, we have to raise our expectations at the national floor. “ [ This quote needs a citation ] meanwhile, in East Germany, a separate league was established with the formation of the DS-Oberliga ( Deutscher Sportausschuss Oberliga ) in 1950. The league was renamed the Football Oberliga DFV in 1958 and was generally referred to simply as the DDR-Liga or DDR-Oberliga. The league fielded 14 teams with two relegation spots .

basis [edit ]

The Bundesliga was founded at the annual DFB convention at the Westfalenhallen in Dortmund on 28 July 1962 The frustration of the national team by Yugoslavia ( 0–1 ) in a 1962 World Cup quarter-final game in Chile was one drift ( of many ) towards the formation of a national league. At the annual DFB convention under new DFB president Hermann Gösmann ( elected that identical day ) the Bundesliga was created in Dortmund at the Westfalenhallen on 28 July 1962 to begin play starting with the 1963–64 season. [ 7 ] At the time, there were five Oberligen ( premier leagues ) in place representing West Germany ‘s North, South, West, Southwest, and Berlin. East Germany, behind the Iron Curtain, maintained its offprint league structure. 46 clubs applied for entree to the newly league. 16 teams were selected based on their achiever on the field, economic criteria and representation of the assorted Oberligen .
The first gear Bundesliga games were played on 24 August 1963. early favorite 1. FC Köln was the first Bundesliga champion ( with 45:15 points ) over second place clubs Meidericher SV and Eintracht Frankfurt ( both 39:21 ) .

reunion [edit ]

Following german reunion, the east german leagues were merged into the west german arrangement. Dynamo Dresden and FC Hansa Rostock were seeded into the top-tier Bundesliga division, with other clubs being sorted into lower tiers .

contest format [edit ]

The german football champion is decided strictly by toy in the Bundesliga. Each club plays every early club once at home and once off. primitively, a victory was deserving two points, with one point for a describe and none for a loss. Since the 1995–96 season, a victory has been worth three points, while a tie remains worth a single point, and zero points are given for a loss. The club with the most points at the end of the temper becomes german ace. presently, the top four clubs in the table qualify mechanically for the group phase of the UEFA Champions League. The two teams at the bottom of the table are relegated into the 2. Bundesliga, while the top two teams in the 2. Bundesliga are promoted. The 16th-placed team ( third-last ), and the third-placed team in the 2. Bundesliga play a two-leg play-off equal. The achiever of this couple plays the next season in the Bundesliga, and the loser in the 2. Bundesliga. If teams are charge on points, tie-breakers are applied in the play along order :

1. Goal difference for the entire season
2. Total goals scored for the entire season
3. Head-to-head results (total points)
4. Head-to-head goals scored
5. Head-to-head away goals scored
6. Total away goals scored for the entire season

If two clubs are still tied after all of these tie-breakers have been applied, a individual peer is held at a neutral site to determine the placement. however, this has never been necessary in the history of the Bundesliga. In terms of team excerpt, matchday squads must have no more than five non-EU representatives. Nine substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game .

Changes in league social organization [edit ]

• Number of teams:
  • 1963–64 to 1964–65: 16
  • 1965–66 to 1990–91: 18
  • 1991–92: 20, while the East German league was being included after German reunification
  • Since 1992–93: 18
• Number of teams relegated (automatic relegation except as noted):
  • 1963–64 to 1973–74: 2
  • 1974–75 to 1980–81: 3
  • 1981–82 to 1990–91: 2 automatic plus the 16th-place team in the First Bundesliga played a two-leg relegation match against the third-place team of the Second Bundesliga for the final spot in the First Bundesliga
  • 1991–92: 4
  • 1992–93 to 2007–08: 3
  • Since 2008–09: 2 automatic plus the 16th-place team in the First Bundesliga playing a two-leg relegation match against the third-place team of the Second Bundesliga for the final spot in the First Bundesliga

qualification for european competitions [edit ]

• 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th place: Group stage of UEFA Champions League
• 5th place: Group stage of UEFA Europa League
• 6th place: Third qualifying round of Europa League
• Until the 2016–17 season, an additional place in the Europa League could also be granted via the UEFA Fair Play mechanism. This rule was maintained from the UEFA Cup. The last Bundesliga team to gain entry to the UEFA Cup via the fair play rule was Mainz 05 in 2005–06.
• DFB-Pokal (German Cup) winner: Qualifies for group stage of Europa League regardless of league position.
  • Until 2015–16, if the Cup winner qualified for the Champions League, the cup winner’s place in the Europa League went to the defeated cup finalist if it had not already qualified for European competition, although the defeated cup finalist would enter the competition a stage earlier than if it had won the Cup. This rule was retained from the Europa League’s predecessor, the UEFA Cup. From 2015 to 2016, the runners-up no longer qualify for the Europa League and the Europa League berth reserved for the DFB-Pokal winners is transferred to the highest finisher below the Champions League qualification places.
    • Prior to 2015–16, the team that benefited from that rule did not necessarily have to be a Bundesliga member. For example, although 2. Bundesliga sides Alemannia Aachen lost to Werder Bremen in the 2004 DFB-Pokal Final, Alemannia secured an entry in the 2004–05 UEFA Cup, because Werder qualified for the Champions League as First Bundesliga champions.

The number of German clubs which may participate in UEFA competitions is determined by UEFA coefficients, which take into history the results of a particular nation ‘s clubs in UEFA competitions over the preceding five years .

History of European qualification

• European Cup/Champions League:
  • Up to and including 1996–97: German champion only.
  • 1997–99: Top two teams; champions automatically into group phase, runners-up entered the qualifying round.
  • 1999–2008: Top two teams automatically into first group phase (only one group phase starting in 2003–04). Depending on the DFB’s UEFA coefficients standing, either one or two other clubs (most recently one) entered at the third qualifying round; winners at this level entered the group phase.
  • 2008–11: Top two teams automatically into group phase. Third placed team had to play in the play-off round for the right to play in the group stage.
• UEFA Cup/Europa League:
  • From 1971–72 to 1998–99, UEFA member nations could send between one and four teams to the UEFA Cup. Germany was always entitled to send at least three teams to the competition and often as many as four. From 1978–79, the number of participants was determined by the DFB’s UEFA coefficient standing, prior to this the method for deciding the number of participants is unknown. The best performing teams in the league other than the champion would qualify, although if one of these teams was also winner of the DFB-Pokal then they would enter the Cup Winners’ Cup instead and their UEFA Cup place would be taken by the next highest-placed team in the league (5th or 6th place). Briefly in the mid-1970s the DFB decided to allocate the last UEFA Cup place to the DFB-Pokal runner-up instead of a third or fourth team qualified by performance in the league, meaning that at this point the DFB-Pokal qualified two teams for European competition (winners for the Cup Winners’ Cup, runners-up for the UEFA Cup). This policy was unique amongst UEFA member associations and was dropped after only a few seasons. Starting with the 1999–2000 season and the abolition of the Cup Winners’ Cup (which was then folded into the UEFA Cup), the DFB-Pokal winner now automatically qualified for the UEFA Cup alongside, depending on the DFB’s UEFA coefficients standing, between one and three extra participants (if the DFB-Pokal winner also qualified for the Champions League, they were replaced by the DFB-Pokal runner-up; if they were also qualified for the Champions League, the UEFA Cup place went to the next best placed team in the league not otherwise qualified for European competition). Since 1999, the DFB has always been entitled to enter a minimum of three clubs in the UEFA Cup/Europa League, and at times as many as four (the maximum for any European federation). Teams that entered via UEFA’s Fair Play mechanism, or those that entered through the now-defunct Intertoto Cup, did not count against the national quota. From 2006 through the final Intertoto Cup in 2008, only one First Bundesliga side was eligible to enter the Intertoto Cup and possibly earn a UEFA Cup berth. For the 2005–06 season, the DFB earned an extra UEFA Cup place via the Fair Play draw; this place went to Mainz 05 as the highest-ranked club in the Fair Play table of the First Bundesliga not already qualified for Europe.
• Cup Winners’ Cup (abolished after 1999):
  • The winner of the DFB-Pokal entered the Cup Winners’ Cup, unless that team was also league champion and therefore competing in the European Cup/Champions League, in which case their place in the Cup Winners’ Cup was taken by the DFB-Pokal runner-up. Today, the DFB-Pokal winner (if not otherwise qualified for the Champions League) enters the UEFA Europa League.

Clubs [edit ]

a establish member of the Bundesliga
b-complex vitamin Never been relegated from the Bundesliga

Members for 2021–22 [edit ]

commercial enterprise exemplar [edit ]

In the 2009–10 season the Bundesliga ‘s turnover was €1.7bn, broken down into match-day gross ( €424m ), sponsorship receipts ( €573m ) and broadcast income ( €594m ). That class it was the only european football league where club jointly made a profit. Bundesliga clubs paid less than 50 % of gross in players wages, the lowest percentage out of the European leagues. The Bundesliga has the lowest ticket prices and the highest median attendance among Europe ‘s five major leagues. [ 12 ] Bundesliga clubs tend to form conclusion associations with local firms, several of which have since grown into big global companies ; in a comparison of leading Bundesliga and Premiership clubs, Bayern Munich received 55 % of its gross from company sponsorship deals, while Manchester United got 37 %. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Bundesliga clubs are required to be majority-owned by german club members ( known as the 50+1 principle [ de ] to discourage control by a single entity ) and operate under nasty restrictions on the use of debt for acquisitions ( a team only receives an operate license if it has solid financials ), as a result 11 of the 18 clubs were profitable after the 2008–09 season. By contrast, in the other major european leagues numerous high-profile teams have come under ownership of alien billionaires and a significant number of clubs have high levels of debt. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Exceptions to the 50+1 principle allow Bayer Leverkusen, 1899 Hoffenheim, and VfL Wolfsburg to be owned by corporations or individual investors. In the cases of Bayer Leverkusen and Wolfsburg, the clubs were founded by major corporations ( respectively Bayer AG and Volkswagen ) as sports clubs for their employees, while Hoffenheim has long received its basal back from SAP co-founder Dietmar Hopp, who played in the club ‘s youth system. [ 16 ] After 2000 the German Football Association and the Bundesliga required every clubhouse to run a youth academy with the target of developing local endowment for the club and the national team. As of 2010 the Bundesliga and moment Bundesliga spend €75m a year on these youth academies, which train five thousand players aged 12–18. This increased the percentage of under-23-year-olds in the Bundesliga from 6 % in 2000 to 15 % in 2010. This in become allows more money to be spent on the smaller number of players that are bought. [ 12 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] In the 2000s, the Bundesliga was regarded as competitive, as five teams won the league title. This contrasted with the English Premier League, then dominated by a “ big Four ” ( Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool, and Arsenal ), vitamin a well as France ‘s Ligue 1, won seven back-to-back years by Lyon. [ 17 ] In the irregular ten, however, a resurgent Bayern Munich has won each class from 2013 to 2021 ahead. [ 18 ] [ 19 ]

fiscal regulations [edit ]

For a number of years, the clubs in the Bundesliga have been capable to regulations not unlike the UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations agreed upon in September 2009. At the end of each season, clubs in the Bundesliga must apply to the german Football Federation ( DFB ) for a license to participate again the following year ; entirely when the DFB, who have access to all transfer documents and accounts, are satisfied that there is no terror of insolvency do they give approval. [ citation needed ] The DFB have a arrangement of fines and points deductions for clubs who flout rules and those who go into the loss can only buy a player after selling one for at least the same measure. In accession, no individual is allowed to own more than 49 per cent of any Bundesliga club, the only exceptions being VfL Wolfsburg, Bayer Leverkusen and stream 3. Liga member FC Carl Zeiss Jena should they always be promoted to the Bundesliga as they were each founded as factory teams. [ 13 ]
Despite the thoroughly economic administration, there have still been some instances of clubs getting into difficulties. In 2004, Borussia Dortmund reported a debt of €118.8 million ( £83 million ). [ 20 ] Having won the Champions League in 1997 and a phone number of Bundesliga titles, Dortmund had gambled on maintaining their success with an expensive group of largely foreign players but failed, narrowly escaping liquidation in 2006. In subsequent years, the club went through across-the-board restructure to return to fiscal health, largely with young home-grown players. In 2004 Hertha BSC reported debts of £24.7 million and were able to continue in the Bundesliga alone after proving they had farseeing term credit with their bank. [ 20 ] The run german club Bayern Munich made a net income net income of just €2.5 million in 2008–09 season ( group accounts ), [ 21 ] while Schalke 04 made a net loss of €30.4 million in 2009 fiscal year. [ 22 ] Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA, made a web passing of barely €2.9 million in 2008–09 season. [ 23 ]

Attendances [edit ]

Based on its per-game average, the Bundesliga is the best-attended association football league in the global ; out of all sports, its average of 45,116 fans per game during the 2011–12 season was the second highest of any professional sports league cosmopolitan, behind alone the National Football League of the United States. [ 2 ] Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any football club in the world. [ 24 ]

Out of Europe ‘s five major football leagues ( Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1, and Serie A ), the Bundesliga has the lowest ticket prices and the highest average attendance. many club stadia have big terraced areas for standing fans ( by comparison, stadium in the English Premier League are all-seaters ascribable to the Taylor Report ). Teams limit the number of season tickets to ensure everyone has a chance to see the games live, and the away baseball club has the right to 10 % of the available capacity. Match tickets much double as complimentary fulminate passes which encourages supporters to travel and celebrate in a relax standard atmosphere. According to Bundesliga chief executive Christian Seifert, tickets are cheap ( particularly for standing room ) as “ It is not in the clubs ‘ culture sol much [ to raise prices ]. They are very fan orientated ”. [ 12 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Uli Hoeneß, president of Bayern Munich, was quoted as saying “ We do not think the fans are like cows to be milked. football has got to be for everybody. ” [ 13 ]
The Bundesliga has the highest average attendance of any football league in the universe. Borussia Dortmund has the highest average attendance at Signal Iduna Park of any football club in the earth. The spectator pump figures for league for the last ten seasons :

Media coverage [edit ]

domestic [edit ]

The Bundesliga television receiver, radio, internet, and fluid air rights are distributed by DFL Sports Enterprises, a auxiliary of the Deutsche Fußball Liga. The Bundesliga broadcast rights are sold along with the broadcast rights to the delegating playoffs, 2. Bundesliga and DFL-Supercup. [ 38 ] From 2017 to 2018 to 2018–19, Bundesliga matches were broadcast on television in Germany on Sky Deutschland and Eurosport. Prior to the 2019–20 season, Eurosport sublicensed its circulate rights to sports streaming military service DAZN, which will broadcast games previously allocated to Eurosport until the termination of the 2020–21 season. [ 39 ] Three Friday night matches – the openers of the first and second halves of the temper, and on the final matchday before the winter break – are broadcast to all Germans on ZDF. Starting with the 2018–19 season, Sky began arranging simulcasts of high-profile Saturday games on free television receiver to promote its coverage of the league. The April 2019 Revierderby was broadcast on Das Erste, and two extra games during the 2019–20 season were broadcast on ZDF. [ 40 ] [ 41 ]
radio coverage includes the national Konferenz ( whip-around coverage ) on the stations of ARD and full peer coverage on local radio stations .

ball-shaped [edit ]

The Bundesliga is broadcast on television in over 200 countries The Bundesliga is broadcast on television receiver in over 200 countries. ESPN has held rights in the United States since the beginning of the 2020–21 season. 4 matches per season are reserved for linear television with the rest appearing on ESPN+. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] In Canada, broadcast rights were sub-licensed to Sportsnet and Sportsnet World. [ 44 ] In the United Kingdom and in Ireland, the Bundesliga is broadcast survive on BT Sport. In Spain, the Bundesliga is broadcast live on Movistar+. [ 45 ] In 2015, digital television receiver hustler StarTimes acquired exclusive television rights for Sub-Saharan Africa for five years starting from 2015 to 2016 temper. [ 46 ]

Champions [edit ]

In full, 43 clubs have won the German championship, including titles won before the Bundesliga ‘s origin and those in the east german Oberliga. The record champions are Bayern Munich with 30 titles, [ 47 ] ahead of BFC Dynamo with 10 ( all in the DDR-Oberliga ) and 1. FC Nürnberg with 9 .

performance by club [edit ]

Clubs in bold presently play in the top class .
No club from former East Germany or Berlin has won the Bundesliga .

Honours [edit ]

In 2004, the honor of “ Verdiente Meistervereine ” ( roughly “ distinguish champion clubs ” ) was introduced, following a custom-made inaugural practised in Italy [ 49 ] to recognise sides that have won three or more championships since 1963 by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. Each country ‘s use is unique, with the following rules applying in Germany : [ 50 ]

• 3 Bundesliga titles: 1 star
• 5 Bundesliga titles: 2 stars
• 10 Bundesliga titles: 3 stars
• 20 Bundesliga titles: 4 stars
• 30 Bundesliga titles: 5 stars

The early east german side BFC Dynamo laid claim to the three stars of a 10-time champion. The club asked for peer rights and petitioned the DFL and the DFB to have their DDR-Oberliga titles recognised. BFC Dynamo received support from SG Dynamo Dresden and 1. FC Magdeburg in its attempts to achieve recognition for east german titles. [ 51 ] The DFL finally answered that it was not the responsible body and pointed to the DFB, but the DFB remained mum for long time. BFC Dynamo finally took matters into their own hands and emblazoned its jersey with three stars, while a decision was still pending. [ 52 ] This caused some argue because the clubhouse had been the favorite cabaret of Erich Mielke during the east german earned run average. There were rumours that the ten-spot titles won by the golf club were besides due to alleged manipulation of the game by Erich Mielke, while there is no validation that referees stood under calculate instructions from the Stasi and no document has ever been found in the archives that gave the Stasi a mandate to bribe referees. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ] Critics in the DFB environment pointed to politically influence championships in East Germany. [ 56 ] BFC Dynamo had been supported by the Stasi and had been advantaged. [ 56 ] The club had enjoyed privileged access to talents and access to a permanent education camp at Uckley in Königs Wusterhausen. however, besides other clubs in East Germany had enjoyed alike advantages, which put the DFB in a unmanageable situation. [ 56 ] Additionally, erstwhile East german referee and CDU parlamentarian Bernd Heynemann spoke out for recognition of all East german titles. [ 53 ] The issue of recognition for titles outside the Bundesliga besides affected pre-Bundesliga champions, such as Hertha BSC. The DFB last decided in November 2005 to allow all former champions to display a unmarried star inscribed with the number of titles, including all german men ‘s titles since 1903, women ‘s titles since 1974 and east german titles. [ 57 ] The DFB format alone applies to teams playing below the Bundesliga ( below the peak two divisions ), since the DFL conventions apply in the Bundesliga. Greuther Fürth unofficially display three ( silver medal ) stars for pre-war titles in malice of being in the Bundesliga. These stars are a permanent partially of their crest. however, Fürth has to leave the stars out of their jersey. Since June 2010, the following clubs have been formally allowed to wear stars while playing in the Bundesliga. The count in parentheses is for Bundesliga titles won .
In addition, a system of one headliner designation was adopted for use. This system is intended to take into account not only Bundesliga titles but besides other ( now defunct ) national championships. As of July 2014, the watch clubs are allowed to wear one star while playing outside the Bundesliga. The number in parentheses is for entire league championships won over the course of german football history, and would be displayed within the star topology. Some teams listed here had different names while winning their respective championships, these names are besides noted in parentheses .
* presently penis of 1. Bundesliga
** presently extremity of 2. Bundesliga
*** presently member of 3. Liga

Logo history [edit ]

For the first base meter in 1996, the Bundesliga was given its own logo to distinguish itself. Six years belated, the logo was revamped into a portrayal orientation, which was used until 2010. A raw logo was announced for the 2010–11 season in order to modernise the brand logo for all media platforms. [ 58 ] To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Bundesliga, a especial logo was developed for the 2012–13 season, featuring a “ 50 ” and “ 1963–2013 ”. [ 59 ] Following the temper, the 2010 logo was restored. In December 2016, it was announced that a newfangled logo would be used for the 2017–18 temper, modified slightly for digitization requirements, featuring a flat count. [ 60 ]

• Logo used from 1996 to 2002
• Logo used from 2002 to 2006
• Logo used from 2006 to 2010
• Logo used from 2010 to 2012 and 2013–2017
• Logo used during the 2012–13 temper, the 50th Bundesliga temper
• Logo used from 2017

influence and criticism [edit ]

The Dutch football schools, which existed and developed the Netherlands into one of Europe and the universe ‘s major football forces, have been strongly influenced and galvanised with german football philosophy, in particular by experiences of dutch players and managers in Bundesliga. [ 61 ] Former England external Owen Hargreaves hailed the Bundesliga aboard Pep Guardiola for its cocksure impact on nurturing young talents, noting that the Bundesliga is the best league in the worldly concern to promote young footballers. [ 62 ] Many young English talents have sought safety in Germany in order to regain fitness and football skills. [ 63 ] Outside Europe, the J.League of Japan, which was founded in 1992, was powerfully influenced by the philosophy of the Bundesliga. Since then, the J.League has managed to establish itself as one of the best football leagues in Asia, in which it shares a beneficial relationship with its german counterpart. [ 64 ] The Bundesliga has earned praise for its reputation on good fiscal management and the physical fitness of players. [ 65 ] The Bundesliga outperformed the English Premier League in 2017 in on-line influence in China, having been accredited for its overt embrace of live-streaming and fast-forward visions. [ 66 ] The Bundesliga has at times been criticised for a sensed lack of competitiveness due to the continued dominance of FC Bayern Munich. The club has won a record 30 titles in the advanced Bundesliga earned run average since 1963 ; a greater degree of success than their rivals by a considerable margin. indeed, the Bavarian club has won every consecutive title since the 2011–12 season. [ 67 ] Former Germany international Stefan Effenberg has suggested that the league be restructured in ordain to end Bayern ‘s laterality. [ 68 ]

Records [edit ]

Appearances [edit ]

As of 1 June 2016[69]

exceed scorers [edit ]

As of 14 December 2021.[70]

Boldface indicates a actor still active in the Bundesliga .

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]

Media related to Fußball-Bundesliga ( Germany ) at Wikimedia Commons

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