God Save the Queen – Wikipedia

National hymn of the United Kingdom

“ God Save the Queen “, alternatively “ God Save the King “ ( dependant on the gender of the reigning sovereign ), is the national or royal anthem in most Commonwealth kingdom, their territories, and the british Crown dependencies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The generator of the tune is obscure, and it may originate in plainsong ; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. “ God Save the Queen ” is the de facto home hymn of the United Kingdom, and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, vitamin a well as for several of the UK ‘s territories that have their own extra local anthem. It is besides the imperial hymn – played specifically in the presence of the sovereign – of the aforesaid countries, angstrom well as Australia ( since 1984 ), Canada ( since 1980 ), [ 3 ] Belize ( since 1981 ), [ 4 ] Antigua and Barbuda ( since 1981 ), [ 5 ] The Bahamas ( since 1973 ), [ 6 ] and most early Commonwealth realms.

In countries not previously part of the british Empire, the tune of “ God Save the Queen ” has provided the basis for respective patriotic songs, though still broadly connected with royal ceremony. [ 7 ] The tune continues to be used for the national hymn of Liechtenstein, “ Oben am jungen Rhein “, and the royal hymn of Norway, “ Kongesangen “. In the United States, the melody is used for the patriotic song “ My nation, ‘T is of Thee “ ( besides known as “ America ” ). The tune was besides used for the home hymn ‘ Heil dir im Siegerkranz ‘ of the german conglomerate from 1871 to 1918 and as “ The Prayer of Russians “, the imperial anthem of Russia from 1816 to 1833. In Switzerland, it is known as “ Rufst du, mein Vaterland “. Beyond its foremost verse, which is reproducible, “ God Save the Queen/King ” has many historic and extant versions. Since its inaugural publication, different verses have been added and taken away and, even today, unlike publications include versatile selections of verses in versatile orders. [ 8 ] In general, alone one verse is sung. sometimes two verses are sing, and on rare occasions, three. [ 1 ] The autonomous and her or his spouse are saluted with the stallion composition, [ 9 ] while other members of the imperial kin who are entitled to royal salute ( such as the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge along with their spouses ) receive fair the first six bars. The first six bars besides form all or separate of the Vice Regal Salute in some Commonwealth realms other than the UK ( for example, in Canada, governors general and deputy governors at official events are saluted with the first six bars of “ God Save the Queen ” followed by the first base four and last four bars of “ O Canada “ ), deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as the salute given to governors of british abroad territories .

history [edit ]

In The Oxford Companion to Music, Percy Scholes points out the similarities to an early plainsong tune, although the rhythm is identical distinctly that of a galliard, [ 10 ] and he gives examples of several such dance tunes that bear a contact resemblance to “ God Save the King/Queen ”. Scholes quotes a keyboard piece by John Bull ( 1619 ) which has some similarities to the advanced tune, depending on the place of accidentals which at that time were unwritten in certain cases and left to the delicacy of the actor ( see musica ficta ). He besides points to respective pieces by Henry Purcell, one of which includes the hatchway notes of the modern tune, setting the words “ God Save the King ”. Nineteenth-century scholars and commentators mention the widespread belief that an old Scots carol, “ Remember O Thou Man ”, was the source of the tune. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The beginning published version of what is about the present tune appeared in 1744 in Thesaurus Musicus. The 1744 interpretation of the song was popularised in Scotland and England the follow year, with the land of Charles Edward Stuart and was published in The Gentleman’s Magazine ( see example above ). This manuscript has the tune leave from that which is used today at respective points, one equally early as the inaugural bar, but is differently clearly a firm relative of the contemporary anthem. It was recorded as being sung in London theatres in 1745, with, for example, Thomas Arne writing a mise en scene of the tune for the Drury Lane Theatre. Scholes ‘ analysis includes citation of “ indefensible ” and “ doubtful ” claims, equally well as “ an american misattribution ”. Some of these are :

• James Oswald was a possible author of the Thesaurus Musicus, so may have played a part in the history of the song, but is not a strong enough candidate to be cited as the composer of the tune.
• Henry Carey: Scholes refutes this attribution: first on the grounds that Carey himself never made such a claim; second, when the claim was made by Carey’s son (in 1795), it was in support of a request for a pension from the British Government; and third, the younger Carey claimed that his father, who died in 1743, had written parts of the song in 1745. It has also been claimed that the work was first publicly performed by Carey during a dinner in 1740 in honour of Admiral Edward “Grog” Vernon, who had captured the Spanish harbour of Porto Bello (then in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, now in Panama) during the War of Jenkins’ Ear.

Scholes recommends the attribution “ traditional ” or “ traditional ; earliest known interpretation by John Bull ( 1562–1628 ) ”. The English Hymnal ( musical editor program Ralph Vaughan Williams ) gives no attribution, stating merely “ 17th or 18th penny. ” [ 13 ]

original lyrics [edit ]

The lyrics as published in the Gentleman’s Magazine in 1745 race :

God save big George our king,
Long alive our lord king,
God save the king.
Send him victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us,
God save the king ! [ 14 ] [ 15 ]

Use in the United Kingdom [edit ]

The idiom “ God Save the King ” in use as a rallying cry to the support of the sovereign and the UK ‘s forces Like many aspects of british built-in life, “ God Save the Queen ” derives its official status from custom-made and function, not from Royal Proclamation or Act of Parliament. The pas seul in the UK of the lyrics to “ God Save the Queen ” is the oldest amongst those presently used, and forms the basis on which all other versions used throughout the Commonwealth are formed ; though, again, the words have varied over time. England has no official national anthem of its own ; “ God Save the Queen ” is treated as the English national hymn when England is represented at sporting events ( though there are some exceptions to this principle, such as cricket where “ Jerusalem “ is used ). There is a motion to establish an english national hymn, with Blake and Parry ‘s “ Jerusalem ” and Elgar ‘s “ Land of Hope and Glory “ among the top contenders. Wales has a single official national hymn, “ Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau “ ( Land of my Fathers ) while Scotland uses unofficial anthems ( “ Scotland the Brave “ was traditionally used until the 1990s, since then, “ Flower of Scotland “ is more normally used ), these anthems are used formally at state of matter and national ceremonies a good as international sporting events such as football and rugby union matches. [ 16 ] On all occasions in Northern Ireland, “ God Save the Queen ” is even used as the official anthem. The phrase “ No surrender ” is occasionally sung in the bridge before “ Send her victorious ” by England football fans at matches. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The phrase is besides associated with Ulster loyalism and can sometimes be heard at the same sharpen before Northern Ireland football matches. Since 2003, “ God Save the Queen ”, considered an across-the-board hymn for Great Britain and Northern Ireland, arsenic well as other countries within the Commonwealth, has been dropped from the Commonwealth Games. Northern Irish athletes receive their amber medals to the tune of the “ Londonderry Air “, popularly known as “ Danny Boy “. In 2006, English winners heard Elgar ‘s “ Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1 ”, normally known as “ Land of Hope and Glory ”, [ 19 ] but after a poll conducted by the Commonwealth Games Council for England prior to the 2010 Games, “ Jerusalem ” was adopted as England ‘s fresh Commonwealth Games hymn. In sports in which the UK competes as one nation, most notably as Great Britain at the Olympics, “ God Save the Queen ” is used to represent anyone or any team that comes from the United Kingdom. [ 16 ]

Lyrics in the UK [edit ]

The Town Hall, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire ( built 1767 ), bearing the paint motto, “ God Save the King ”. The phrase “ God Save the King ” is much older than the song, appearing, for case, several times in the King James Bible. [ 20 ] A text based on the 1st Book of Kings Chapter 1 : verses 38–40, “ And all the people rejoic ‘d, and said : God save the King ! Long live the King ! May the King live for always, Amen ”, has been sung at every coronation since that of King Edgar in 973. [ 21 ] Scholes says that ampere early as 1545 “ God Save the King ” was a password of the Royal Navy, with the answer being “ long to reign over us ”. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] He besides notes that the entreaty read in churches on anniversaries of the Gunpowder Plot includes words which might have formed part of the basis for the second poetry “ Scatter our enemies … assuage their malice and confound their devices ”. In 1745, The Gentleman’s Magazine published “ God save our overlord the king : A new birdcall set for two voices ”, describing it “ As sing at both Playhouses ” ( the Theatres Royal at Drury Lane and Covent Garden ). [ 14 ] Traditionally, the first performance was thought to have been in 1745, when it was sung in defend of King George II, after his defeat at the Battle of Prestonpans by the army of Charles Edward Stuart, son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Jacobite claimant to the british throne. It is sometimes claimed that, ironically, the birdcall was in the first place sung in support of the Jacobite cause : the bible “ transport ” in the trace “ Send him triumphant ” could imply that the king was absent. however, the Oxford English Dictionary cites examples of “ [ God ] send ( a person ) safe, victorious, etc. ” meaning “ God grant that he may be safe, and so forth ”. There are besides examples of early on 18th-century drink glasses which are inscribed with a version of the words and were obviously intended for drinking the health of King James II and VII. Scholes acknowledges these possibilities but argues that the same words were probably being used by both Jacobite and hanoverian supporters and directed at their respective kings. [ 24 ] In 1902, the musician William Hayman Cummings, quoting mid-18th hundred parallelism between Charles Burney and Sir Joseph Banks, proposed that the words were based on a romance verse composed for King James II at the Chapel Royal .

O Deus optime
Salvum nunc facito
Regem nostrum
Sic laeta victoria
Comes et gloria
Salvum iam facito
Tu dominum. [ 25 ]

criterion translation in the United Kingdom [edit ]

“ God Save the Queen ”
( standard version )

God save our gracious Queen !
long hot our noble Queen !
God save the Queen !
Send her triumphant,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us :
God save the Queen !

O Lord our God arise,
Scatter her enemies,
And make them fall :
Confound their politics,
Frustrate their crafty tricks,
On Thee our hopes we fix :
God save us all.

Thy choicest gifts in store,
On her be pleased to pour ;
Long may she predominate :
May she defend our laws,
And ever give us cause,
To sing with heart and spokesperson,
God save the Queen !

[26] The middle poetry has been normally omitted since the late nineteenth century .

When the monarch of the time is male, “ queen ” is replaced with “ King ” and all feminine pronouns ( in bold type ) are replaced with their masculine equivalents .

There is no definitive version of the lyrics. however, the interpretation consist of the three verses reproduced in the box on the mighty handwriting side has the best claim to be regarded as the “ standard ” british version, appearing not only in the 1745 Gentleman’s Magazine, but besides in publications such as The Book of English Songs: From the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century ( 1851 ), [ 27 ] National Hymns: How They Are Written and How They Are Not Written ( 1861 ), [ 28 ] Household Book of Poetry ( 1882 ), [ 29 ] and Hymns Ancient and Modern, Revised Version ( 1982 ). [ 30 ] The same version with verse two neglect appears in publications including Scouting for Boys ( 1908 ), [ 31 ] and on the british Monarchy web site. [ 1 ] At the Queen ‘s Golden Jubilee Party at the Palace concert, Prince Charles referred in his speech to the “ politically incorrect second verse ” of the National Anthem. According to Alan Michie ‘s Rule, Britannia, which was published in 1952, after the death of King George VI but before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, when the foremost General Assembly of the United Nations was held in London in January 1946 the King, in honor of the affair, “ ordered the aggressive disdainful second base stanza of ‘God Save the King ‘ to be rewritten to bring it more into the liveliness of the brotherhood of nations. ” In the UK, the first verse is typically whistle alone, even on official occasions, although the one-third verse is sometimes whistle in summation on certain occasions such as during the opening ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics, and normally at the last Night of the Proms .

Standard version of the music [edit ]

The standard version of the melody and its key of G major are still those of the in the first place published adaptation, although the start of the hymn is much signalled by an basic kettle bankroll of two bars length. The bass course of the standard interpretation differs short from the second voice separate shown in the original, and there is a standard translation in four-part harmony for choirs. The first base three lines ( six bars of music ) are soft, ending with a short crescendo into “ Send her victorious ”, and then is another crescendo at “ over us : ” into the final words “ God save the Queen ”. In the early contribution of the twentieth century there existed a military Band version in the higher identify of B♭, [ 32 ] because it was easier for administration instruments to play in that key, though it had the disadvantage of being more unmanageable to sing : however now most Bands play it in the compensate samara of concert F. Since 1953, the hymn is sometimes preceded by a flourish composed by Gordon Jacob for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. [ 33 ]

alternate british versions [edit ]

There have been respective attempts to rewrite the words. In the nineteenth hundred there was some lively consider about the national anthem as verse two was considered by some to be slightly offensive in its use of the phrase “ scatter her enemies. ” Some thought it placed better stress on the respective office of Parliament and the Crown to change “ her enemies ” to “ our enemies ” ; others questioned the theology and proposed “ thine enemies ” rather. Sydney G. R. Coles wrote a completely new adaptation, as did Canon F. K. Harford. [ 34 ]

William Hickson ‘s alternative version [edit ]

In 1836 William Hickson wrote an alternative version, of which the beginning, third, and fourth verses gained some currency when they were appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal. The one-fourth “ Hickson ” verse was sung after the traditional first gear verse at the Queen ‘s Golden Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving in 2002, and during the raise of the Union Flag during the 2008 Summer Olympics closure ceremony, in which London took the baton from Beijing to host the 2012 Summer Olympics .

God bless our native land !
May Heav’n ‘s protecting hand
calm guard our shore :
May peace her ability strain,
Foe be transformed to friend,
And Britain ‘s rights depend
On war no more.

O Lord, our monarch bless
With potency and righteousness :
Long may she reign :
Her heart inhale and move
With wisdom of solomon from above ;
And in a nation ‘s love
Her throne wield.

May equitable and righteous laws
Uphold the public lawsuit,
And bless our isle :
Home of the audacious and free,
Thou land of Liberty,
We pray that still on thee
Kind Heav’n may smile.

not in this country alone,
But be God ‘s mercies known
From shore to shore :
Lord make the nations see
That men should brothers be,
And form one family
The wide world over .

Samuel Reynolds Hole ‘s alternate version [edit ]

To mark the celebration of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, a change interpretation of the moment verse was written by the Dean of Rochester, the Very Reverend Samuel Reynolds Hole. A four-part harmony set was then made by Frederick Bridge, and published by Novello .

O Lord Our God Arise,
Scatter her enemies,
Make wars to cease ;
Keep us from infestation and dearth,
Turn thou our woes to mirth ;
And over all the earth
Let there be peace .

The Musical Times commented : “ There are some conservative minds who may regret the banishment of the ‘knavish tricks ‘ and aggressive spirit of the discard verse, but it must be admitted that Dean Hole ‘s lines are more consonant with the sentiment of modern Christianity. ” Others reactions were more negative, one composition describing the fix as “ indefensible liberties … worthy of the severest reprobation ”, with “ excessively a lot of a Peace Society flavour about it … If we go about pleading for peace, early nations will get it into their heads that we are afraid of fighting. ” possibly unsurprisingly, Hole ‘s version failed to replace the existing verse permanently. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ]

official peace translation [edit ]

A less militaristic version of the song, titled “ official peace version, 1919 ”, was first published in the hymn reserve Songs of Praise in 1925. [ 39 ] This was “ official ” in the sense that it was approved by the british Privy Council in 1919. [ 24 ] however, despite being reproduced in some other hymn books, it is largely unknown today. [ 40 ]

God save our gracious queen !
retentive alive our noble queen !
God save The queen !
Send her triumphant
Happy and brilliant
long to reign over us
God save the queen !

One kingdom of races four
Blest more and ever more
God save our down !
Home of the brave and free
Set in the argent ocean
True nurse of chivalry
God save our land !

Of many a race and parentage
From utmost ends of earth
God save us all !
Bid strife and hatred discontinue
Bid hope and rejoice increase
Spread universal peace
God save us all !

Historic Jacobite and anti-Jacobite option verses [edit ]

Around 1745, anti- Jacobite sentiment was captured in a verse appended to the song, with a prayer for the success of Field Marshal George Wade ‘s united states army then assembling at Newcastle. These words attained some short-run use, although they did not appear in the published translation in the October 1745 Gentleman’s Magazine. This verse was first documented as an episodic summation to the original anthem by Richard Clark in 1822, [ 41 ] and was besides mentioned in a late article on the song, published by the Gentleman’s Magazine in October 1836. Therein, it is presented as an “ extra poetry … though being of temp application only … stored in the memory of an old supporter … who was born in the very year 1745, and was thus the associate degree of those who heard it foremost sung ”, the lyrics given being :

Lord, grant that Marshal Wade,
May by thy mighty aid,
Victory bring.
May he sedition hush,
and like a flood first-come-first-serve,
Rebellious Scots to crush,
God save the King .

The 1836 article and other sources make it clear that this verse was not used soon after 1745, and surely before the sung became accepted as the british national hymn in the 1780s and 1790s. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] It was included as an built-in share of the birdcall in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth-Century Verse of 1926, although mistakenly referencing the “ fourthly verse ” to the Gentleman’s Magazine article of 1745. [ 44 ] On the opposing side, Jacobite beliefs were demonstrated in an alternative verse used during the same time period : [ 45 ]

God bless the prince, I pray,
God bless the prince, I pray,
Charlie I mean ;
That Scotland we may see
Freed from despicable Presbyt’ry,
Both George and his Feckie,
Ever so, Amen .

In May 1800, following an attack to assassinate King George III at London ‘s Drury Lane theater, dramatist Richard Sheridan immediately composed an extra verse, which was sung from the stage the like night : [ 46 ] [ 47 ]

From every latent foe
From the assassin ‘s blow
God save the King
O’er him Thine arm unfold
For Britain ‘s sake defend
Our don, king, and supporter
God save the King !

respective early attempts were made during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to add verses to commemorate particular royal or home events. For model, according to Fitzroy Maclean, when Jacobite forces bypassed Wade ‘s effect and reached Derby, but then retreated and when their garrison at Carlisle Castle surrendered to a second politics army led by King George ‘s son, the Duke of Cumberland, another verse was added. [ 48 ] other ephemeral verses were notably anti-French, such as the following, quoted in the koran Handel by Edward J. Dent : [ 49 ]

From France and Pretender
Great Britain defend her,
Foes let them fall ;
From foreign slavery,
Priests and their dishonesty,
And Popish Reverie,
God save us all .

however, none of these extra verses survived into the twentieth century. [ 50 ] Updated “ full moon ” versions including extra verses have been published more recently, including the standard three verses, Hickson ‘s fourth verse, Sheridan ‘s poetry and the Marshal Wade verse. [ 51 ] [ 52 ]

historic republican alternative [edit ]

A version from 1794 composed by the american republican and french citizen Joel Barlow [ 53 ] celebrated the might of the guillotine to liberate : [ 54 ] [ 55 ]

God save the Guillotine
Till England ‘s King and Queen
Her world power shall prove :
Till each appointed node
Affords a clipping job
Let no nauseating hamper overcharge
The Guillotine

France, let thy trumpet sound –
Tell all the world around
How Capet fell ;
And when big George ‘s poll
Shall in the basket roll,
Let mercy then control
The Guillotine

When all the scepter ‘d crew
Have paid their court, due
The Guillotine
Let Freedom ‘s flag progress
Till all the universe, like France
O’er tyrants ‘ graves shall dance
And peace begin .

operation in the UK [edit ]

The style most normally heard in official performances was proposed as the “ proper interpretation ” by King George V, who considered himself something of an technical ( in view of the act of times he had heard it ). An Army order was punctually issued in 1933, which laid down regulations for tempo, dynamics and orchestration. This admit instructions such as that the opening “ six bars will be played quietly by the reed band with horns and basses in a single phrase. Cornets and side-drum are to be added at the little scale-passage leading into the second one-half of the tune, and the wide brass enters for the last eight bars ”. The official tempo for the open section is a metronome place of 60, with the second character played in a broader manner, at a metronome adjust of 52. [ 56 ] In late years the prescribed sombre-paced introduction is frequently played at a fast and livelier tempo. Until the latter separate of the twentieth hundred, theater and concert goers were expected to stand while the anthem was played after the stopping point of a show. In cinema this brought a tendency for audiences to rush out while the end credits played to avoid this formality. ( This can be seen in the 1972 Dad’s Army episode “ A Soldier ‘s Farewell “. ) The hymn continues to be played at some traditional events such as Wimbledon, Royal Variety Performance, the Edinburgh Tattoo, Royal Ascot, Henley Royal Regatta and The Proms a well as at Royal events. The hymn was traditionally played at close-down on the BBC, and with the introduction of commercial television to the UK this rehearse was adopted by some ITV companies ( with the luminary exceptions of Granada, Thames Television, Central Television, Border Television, and Yorkshire Television ). BBC Two besides never played the hymn at close-down, and ITV dropped the practice in the late 1980s, but it continued on BBC One until 8 November 1997 ( thereafter BBC One began to simulcast with BBC News after end of programmes ). The custom is carried on, however, by BBC Radio 4, which plays the hymn each nox as a transition piece between the end of the Radio 4 circulate and the act to BBC World Service. [ 57 ] BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 2 besides play the National Anthem good before the 0700 and 0800 news bulletins on the actual and official birthdays of the Queen and the birthdays of senior members of the Royal Family. The UK ‘s national anthem normally prefaces The Queen ‘s Christmas Message ( although in 2007 it appeared at the goal, taken from a recording of the 1957 television air ), and important royal announcements, such as of royal deaths, when it is played in a slower, somber placement .

performance in Lancashire [edit ]

other british anthems [edit ]

frequently, when an hymn is needed for one of the part countries of the United Kingdom – at an international clean event, for example – an alternative sung is used :
The London 2012 Olympics Opening Ceremony provided a conscious use of three of the four anthems listed above ; the ceremony began with a rendition of the first verse of “ Jerusalem ”, before a choir in Northern Ireland sang “ Danny Boy ” and a choir in Edinburgh performed partially of “ Flower of Scotland. ” notably, Wales was represented by the hymn “ Bread of Heaven ”, not “ Hen Wlad Fy Nhadhau ”. In April 2007 there was an early day gesticulate, count 1319, to the british Parliament to propose that there should be a separate England hymn : “ That this House … believes that all English sporting associations should adopt an appropriate sung that English sportsmen and women, and the English public, would favour when competing as England ”. An amendment ( EDM 1319A3 ) was proposed by Evan Harris that the sung “ should have a bit more sex appeal than God Save The Queen and should besides not involve God. ” [ 69 ]

For more information visualize besides :

Use in other Commonwealth countries [edit ]

“ God Save the King/Queen ” was exported around the populace via the expansion of the british Empire, serving as each country ‘s national anthem. Throughout the Empire ‘s development into the Commonwealth of Nations, the song declined in manipulation in most states which became independent. In New Zealand, it remains one of the official national anthems. [ 70 ]

Australia [edit ]

In Australia, the birdcall has standing through a Royal Proclamation issued by Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen on 19 April 1984. [ 71 ] It declared “ God Save the Queen ” to be the Royal Anthem and that it is to be played when the australian sovereign or a member of the Royal Family is present, though not entirely in such circumstances. The same announcement made “ Advance Australia Fair “ the national hymn and the basis for the “ Vice-Regal salute ” ( the first gear four and last two bars of the anthem ). anterior to 1984, “ God Save the Queen ” was the national hymn of Australia. [ 72 ] In 1975, early Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, alluded to the hymn in his comment “ Well may we say ‘God save the Queen ‘, because nothing will save the Governor-General ! “. [ 73 ]

Canada [edit ]

By convention, [ 74 ] “ God Save the Queen ” ( french : Dieu Sauve la Reine, Dieu Sauve le Roi when a King ) is the Royal Anthem of Canada. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] [ 77 ] [ 78 ] [ 79 ] It is sometimes played or sung together with the national anthem, “ O Canada “, at secret and public events organised by groups such as the Government of Canada, the Royal Canadian Legion, patrol services, and firm groups. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] [ 82 ] [ 83 ] [ 84 ] The governor general and peasant lieutenant governors are accorded the “ Viceregal Salute ”, comprising the beginning three lines of “ God Save the Queen ”, followed by the beginning and concluding lines of “ O Canada ”. [ 85 ] “ God Save the Queen ” has been sung in Canada since the former 1700s and by the mid twentieth century was, along with “ O Canada ”, one of the nation ‘s two de facto national anthems, the first and last verses of the standard british translation being used. [ 86 ] By-laws and practices governing the consumption of either song during public events in municipalities varied ; in Toronto, “ God Save the Queen ” was employed, while in Montreal it was “ O Canada ”. Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson in 1964 said one song would have to be chosen as the country ‘s national hymn and, three years late, he advised Governor General Georges Vanier to appoint the Special Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons on the National and Royal Anthems. Within two months, on 12 April 1967, the committee presented its decision that “ God Save the Queen ”, whose music and lyrics were found to be in the public domain, [ 87 ] should be designated as the Royal Anthem of Canada and “ O Canada ” as the national anthem, one verse from each, in both official languages, to be adopted by parliament. The group was then charged with establishing official lyrics for each song ; for “ God Save the Queen ”, the english words were those inherited from the United Kingdom and the french words were taken from those that had been adopted in 1952 for the coronation of Elizabeth II. [ 76 ] When the bill pronouncing “ O Canada ” as the national anthem was put through parliament, the joint committee ‘s earlier recommendations regarding “ God Save the Queen ” were not included. [ 87 ] The Department of National Defence and the canadian Forces regulates that “ God Save the Queen ” be played as a salute to the sovereign and other members of the Canadian Royal Family, [ 88 ] though it may besides be used as a hymn, or prayer. The words are not to be sung when the song is played as a military royal salute and is abbreviated to the inaugural three lines while arms are being presented. [ 88 ] Elizabeth II stipulated that the arrangement in G major by Lieutenant Colonel Basil H. Brown be used in Canada. The authoritative translation to be played by pipe bands is Mallorca. [ 88 ]

Lyrics in Canada [edit ]

The first poetry of “ God Save the Queen ” has been translated into French, [ 89 ] as shown below :

Dieu protège la reine

De sa main souveraine !

Vive la reine !

Qu’un règne glorieux

Long et victorieux,

Rende son peuple heureux.

Vive la reine !

There is a special canadian verse in English which was once normally sung in addition to the two stand verses : [ 86 ]

Our loved Dominion bless

With peace and happiness

From shore to shore;

And let our Empire be

Loyal, united, free,

True to herself and Thee

For evermore.

Channel Islands [edit ]

“ God Save the Queen ” is used by both Bailiwicks of the Channel Islands as an alternative to their respective national anthems. Its use subject and democratic version is by and large like to how it is used in the United Kingdom. however, the hymn has been translated in Jèrriais : [ 90 ] : 35

Dgieu sauve not’ Duchêss,

Longue vie à not’ Duchêss,

Dgieu sauve la Reine!

Rends-la victorieuse

Jouaiyeuse et glorieuse;

Qu’on règne sus nous heûtheuse –

Dgieu sauve la Reine!

Tes dons les pus précieux,

Sus yi vèrse des cieux,

Dgieu sauve la Reine!

Qu’on défende nous louais

Et d’un tchoeu et d’eune vouaix

Jé chantons à janmais

Dgieu sauve la Reine!

The meaning is broadly alike to the first gear paragraph of the English version, except for the first two lines which say “ God save our Duchess ” and “ long live our duchess ” .

New Zealand [edit ]

“ God Save the Queen ” was the sole official national hymn until 1977 when “ God Defend New Zealand “ was added as a second. “ God Save the Queen ” is now most often only played when the sovereign, governor-general [ 91 ] or early penis of the Royal Family is stage, or on some occasions such as Anzac Day. [ 92 ] [ 93 ] The Māori-language version was written by Edward Marsh Williams under the title, “ E ti atua tohungia ti kuini ”. [ 94 ] There is a limited New Zealand verse in English which was once normally sung to replace the second base and third verses : [ 95 ]

Not on this land alone

But be God’s mercies known

From shore to shore.

Lord, make the nations see

That we in liberty

Should form one family

The wide world o’er.

Lyrics in Māori [edit ]

All verses of “ God Save the Queen ” have been translated into Māori. [ 94 ] The first verse is shown below :

Me tohu e t’Atua

To matou Kuini pai:

Kia ora ia

Meinga kia maia ia,

Kia hari nui, kia koa,

Kia kuini tonu ia,

Tau tini noa.

zimbabwe [edit ]

When Rhodesia issued its unilateral Declaration of Independence from the UK on 11 November 1965, it did so while calm maintaining commitment to Queen Elizabeth II as the rhodesian pass of submit, despite the non-recognition of the rhodesian government by the United Kingdom and the United Nations ; [ 96 ] “ God Save the Queen ” consequently remained the rhodesian national hymn. This was supposed to demonstrate the continue commitment of the rhodesian people to the sovereign, but the retentiveness in Rhodesia of a song indeed associated with the UK while the two countries were at loggerheads regarding its constitutional condition caused rhodesian submit occasions to have “ a faintly ironic shade ”, in the words of The Times. Nevertheless, “ God Save the Queen ” remained Rhodesia ‘s national anthem until March 1970, when the country formally declared itself a republic. [ 97 ] “ Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia “ was adopted in its stead in 1974 and remained in use until the country returned to the UK ‘s control in December 1979. [ 98 ] [ 99 ] Since the internationally recognized independence of the Republic of Zimbabwe in April 1980, “ God Save the Queen ” has had no official status there. [ 100 ]

South Africa [edit ]

“ God Save the Queen ” ( Afrikaans : God Red die Koningin, God Red die Koning when a King ) was a co-national hymn of South Africa from 1938 until 1957, [ 101 ] when it was formally replaced by “ Die Stem van Suid-Afrika “ as the exclusive national anthem. [ 101 ] The latter served as a classify of de facto co-national anthem alongside the former until 1938. [ 101 ]

Use elsewhere [edit ]

The tune has much been used, with lyrics slightly or importantly altered, for royal or national anthems of other countries. During the nineteenth century, it was used officially in Sweden, [ 102 ] [ better source needed ] [ a ] and in Iceland. [ 103 ] [ bacillus ] It was besides in official usage for brief periods in Imperial Russia, [ c ], in Greece [ 104 ] and in the Kingdom of Hawaii. [ 105 ] In Germany, it was used by the kingdoms of Prussia, Saxony and Bavaria, and was adopted as anthem of the german Empire ( “ Heil dir im Siegerkranz “ ) after union in 1871. It remains as the national hymn of Liechtenstein, and was used by Switzerland until 1961 .

musical adaptations [edit ]

Composers [edit ]

About 140 composers have used the tune in their compositions. [ 106 ] Ludwig van Beethoven composed a place of seven piano variations in the key of C major to the composition of “ God Save the King ”, catalogued as WoO .78 ( 1802–1803 ). He besides quotes it in his orchestral work Wellington’s Victory. Muzio Clementi used the root to “ God Save the King ” in his Symphony No. 3 in G major, often called the “ Great National Symphony ”, catalogued as WoO. 34. Clementi paid a high protection to his adopted fatherland ( the United Kingdom ) where he grew up and stayed most of his life. He based the Symphony ( about 1816–1824 ) on “ God Save the King ”, which is hinted at earlier in the influence, not least in the second base campaign, and announced by the trombones in the finale. Johann Christian Bach composed a set of variations on “ God Save the King ” for the finale to his sixth keyboard concerto ( Op. 1 ) written c. 1763. Joseph Haydn was impressed by the use of “ God Save the King ” as a home hymn during his visit to London in 1794, and on his render to Austria composed “ Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser “ ( “ God Save Emperor Francis ” ) for the birthday of the death Holy Roman Emperor and Roman-German King, Francis II. It became the anthem of the Austrian Empire after the end of the Holy Roman Empire with revised lyrics, its tune ultimately being used for the german national anthem. The tune of “ God Save the King ” was adopted for the prussian imperial anthem “ Heil Dir im Siegerkranz “. Franz Liszt wrote a piano paraphrase on the anthem ( S.259 in the official catalogue, c. 1841 ). Johann Strauss I quoted “ God Save the Queen ” in full moon at the end of his waltz Huldigung der Königin Victoria von Grossbritannien ( Homage to Queen Victoria of Great Britain ) Op. 103, where he besides quoted Rule, Britannia! in full at the begin of the firearm. Siegfried August Mahlmann in the early nineteenth century wrote alternate lyrics to adapt the hymn for the Kingdom of Saxony, as “ Gott segne Sachsenland ” ( “ God Bless Saxony ” ). [ 107 ] christian Heinrich Rinck wrote two sets of variations on the hymn : the final apparent motion of his Piano Trio Op. 34 No. 1 ( 1815 ) is a set of five variations and a conclude finale ; and Theme ( Andante ) and ( 12 ) Variations in C Major on “ Heil dir im Siegerkranz ” ( God Save the King ), Op. 55. Heinrich Marschner used the anthem in his “ Grande Ouverture solenne ”, op.78 ( 1842 ). Gaetano Donizetti used this anthem in his opera “ Roberto Devereux “. Joachim Raff used this anthem in his Jubelouverture, Opus 103 ( 1864 ) dedicated to Adolf, Herzog von Nassau, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his reign. Gioachino Rossini used this hymn in the last scene of his “ Il viaggio a Reims “, when all the characters, coming from many unlike european countries, sing a song which recalls their own fatherland. Lord Sidney, bass, sings “ Della very pianta ” on the notes of “ God Save the King ”. Samuel Ramey used to interpolate a dramatic virtuoso cadenza at the goal of the song. Fernando Sor used the hymn in his 12 Studies, Op. 6 : No. 10 in C Major in the section marked ‘Maestoso. ‘ Arthur Sullivan quotes the anthem at the end of his ballet Victoria and Merrie England. Claude Debussy opens with a abbreviated introduction of “ God Save the King ” in one of his Preludes, Hommage à S. Pickwick Esq. P.P.M.P.C.. The musical composition draws its inspiration from the chief character of the Charles Dickens novel The Pickwick Papers. Niccolò Paganini wrote a sic of highly virtuosic variations on “ God Save the King ” as his Opus 9. Max Reger wrote Variations and Fugue on ‘Heil dir im Siegerkranz’ (God Save the King) for organ in 1901 after the death of Queen Victoria. It does not have an musical composition act. A week before the Coronation Ode was due to be premiered at the June 1902 “ Coronation Gala Concert ” at Covent Garden ( it was cancelled, owing to the King ‘s illness ), Sir Edward Elgar introduced an musical arrangement of “ Land of Hope and Glory ” as a solo song performed by Clara Butt at a “ Coronation Concert ” at the Albert Hall. Novello seized upon the prevail patriotism and requested that Elgar arrange the National Anthem as an appropriate open for a concert performed in front of the Court and numerous british and alien dignitaries. This version for orchestra and chorus, which is enlivened by manipulation of a cappella and marcato effects, was besides performed at the opening of the british Empire exhibition at Wembley on St. George ‘s Day, 1924, and recorded under the composer ‘s Baton in 1928, with the LSO and the Philharmonic Choir. [ 108 ] Elgar besides used the first gear poetry of the Anthem as the orgasm of a short “ Civic Procession and Anthem ”, written to accompany the mayoral progress at the open of the Hereford Music Festival on 4 September 1927. This premier performance was recorded, and is nowadays available on compact disk ; the grade was lost following the festival, and Elgar resorted to reconstructing it by ear from the commemorate. [ 109 ] Carl Maria von Weber uses the “ God Save the King ” root at the goal of his “ Jubel preliminary ”. Giuseppe Verdi included “ God Save the Queen ” in his “ Inno delle nazioni “ ( Hymn of the Nations ), composed for the London 1862 International Exhibition. Benjamin Britten arranged “ God Save the Queen ” in 1961 for the Leeds Festival. This version has been programmed several times at the last Night of the Proms. [ 110 ] Charles Ives wrote Variations on “America” for organ in 1891 at old age seventeen. It included a polytonal section in three coincident keys, though this was omitted from performances at his founder ‘s request, because “ it made the boys laugh out forte ”. Ives was adoring of the rapid pedal line in the final variation, which he said was “ about as much playfulness as playing baseball ”. The firearm was not published until 1949 ; the final examination version includes an insertion, seven variations and a polytonal interlude. The patch was adapted for orchestra in 1963 by William Schuman. This version became popular during the bicentennial celebrations, and is frequently heard at pops concerts. Muthuswami Dikshitar ( 1776–1835 ), one of the musical trio in South indian classical ( Carnatic ) music composed some Sanskrit pieces set to western tunes. These are in the raga Sankarabharanam and are referred to as “ nottu swaras ”. Among these, the composing “ Santatam Pahimam Sangita Shyamale ” is set to the tune of “ God Save the Queen ”. Sigismond Thalberg ( 1812–1871 ), Swiss composer and one of the most celebrated virtuoso pianists of the nineteenth century, wrote a fantasia on “ God Save the Queen ”. Johan Nepomuk Hummel ( 1778–1837 ) wrote the Variations from God Save the King in D major, op. 10 and quoted the tune briefly in his Freudenfest-Ouverture in D major S 148 Adrien-François Servais ( 1807–66 ) and Joseph Ghys ( 1801–48 ) wrote Variations brillantes et concertantes sur l’air “God Save the King”, op. 38, for violin and cello and performed it in London and St Petersburg. [ 111 ] Georges Onslow ( 1784–1853 ) used the tune in his string Quartet No. 7 in G Minor, op.9, second drift. Hans Huber used the tune ( “ Rufst du, mein Vaterland “ ) in the beginning movement of his Symphony no 3 in C minor, op. 118 ( “ Heroic ” ). Ferdinando Carulli used the tune in Fantaisie sur un air out national anglais, for fipple flute & guitar, Op. 102. Louis Drouet composed “ Variations on the breeze God save the King ” for flute and piano. Gordon Jacob wrote a chorale placement of God Save the Queen with a trumpet ostentation introduction, for the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. [ 112 ]

Rock adaptations [edit ]

Jimi Hendrix played an impromptu version of “ God Save the Queen ” to open his set at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970. Just before walking onto the phase, he asked “ How does it [ the hymn ] go again ? ”. Hendrix gave the lapp screen of aberration and improvisation of “ God Save the Queen ”, as he had done with “ The Star-Spangled Banner “ at the Woodstock Festival, 1969. [ 113 ] The rock band Queen recorded an implemental interpretation of “ God Save the Queen ” for their 1975 album A Night at the Opera. Guitarist Brian May adapted the tune using his classifiable layers of overdubbed electric guitars. This recorded version was played at the end of about every Queen concert, while singer Freddie Mercury walked around the phase wearing a crown and a dissemble on their charming Tour in 1986. The sung was played whilst all the queen members would take their bows. [ 114 ] On 3 June 2002, during the Queen ‘s Golden Jubilee, Brian May performed the anthem on his Red Special electric guitar for Party at the Palace, performing from the roof of Buckingham Palace, and features on the thirtieth Anniversary DVD edition of A Night at the Opera. [ 115 ] In 1977, the Sex Pistols recorded a song titled “ God Save the Queen “ in open address to the National Anthem and the Queen ‘s Silver Jubilee celebrations that year, with the song intending to stand for sympathy for the shape class and resentment of the monarchy. [ 116 ] They were banned from many venues, censored by mainstream media, and reached number 2 on the official U.K. singles charts and number 1 on the NME chart. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] A version of “ God Save the Queen ” by Madness features the tune of the song played on kazoo. It was included on the compilation album The Business – the Definitive Singles Collection. [ 118 ]

Computer music [edit ]

The anthem was the first patch of music played on a calculator, and the first gear calculator music to be recorded. musical notes were beginning generated by a calculator programmed by Alan Turing at the Computing Machine Laboratory of the University of Manchester in 1948. The inaugural music proper, a performance of the National Anthem was programmed by Christopher Strachey on the Mark II Manchester Electronic Computer at like venue, in 1951. Later that year, short extracts of three pieces, the beginning being the National Anthem, were recorded there by a BBC outside broadcasting unit : the other pieces being “ Ba Ba Black Sheep “, and “ In the Mood “. Researchers at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch restored the acetate master magnetic disk in 2016 and the results may be heard on SoundCloud. [ 119 ] [ 120 ]

reception [edit ]

The philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham praised “ God Save the King ” in 1796 : “ the melody recommending itself by smasher to the most polished ears, and by its chasteness to the crude ear. A song of this complexion, implanted by the habit of half a hundred in the mass of popular opinion, can not be refused a place in the inventory of the national blessings. ” [ 121 ] Ludwig van Beethoven wrote “ I have to show the English a short of what a blessing ‘God Save the King ‘ is ”. [ 122 ] Alex Marshall, the british generator of Republic or Death!: Travels in Search of National Anthems, called the hymn “ absurd ”. [ 123 ]

Calls for a new home hymn ( second ) [edit ]

There have been calls within the UK for a newfangled national hymn, whether it be for the United Kingdom itself, Britain and/or England ( which all presently use “ God Save the Queen ” ). There are many reasons people cite for wishing for a new national hymn, such as : from a non-religious point of view [ 124 ] claims of “ God Save the Queen ” being farseeing outdated and irrelevant in the twenty-first century, [ 125 ] rejection of odes to promoting war [ 126 ] and rejection of praising the monarchy from a republican perspective. [ 127 ] A far rationality is that England has no hymn of its own for sporting contests and the like, whereas Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales do ; “ Flower of Scotland “, “ Londonderry Air “, and “ Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau “ fill this recess ( the erstwhile two on an unofficial basis ), while England tends to use “ God Save the Queen ” entirely and besides unofficially .

Notes and references [edit ]

Notes

References

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