Munich – Wikipedia

capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany
This article is about the german city. For other uses of “ Munich ” or “ München ”, see Munich ( disambiguation )
City in Bavaria, Germany

forward pass scene of Munich Alps behind the skyline of Munich Munich ( MEW-nik ; german : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( ) ; bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ( ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, [ 4 ] it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and therefore the largest which does not constitute its own department of state, american samoa well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union. The city ‘s metropolitan region is home to 6 million people. [ 5 ] Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a conducive of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps, it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria, while being the most densely populate municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km2 ). Munich is the second-largest city in the bavarian dialect area, after the austrian capital of Vienna. The city was inaugural mentioned in 1158. Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political period of discrepancy during the resulting Thirty Years ‘ War, but remained physically unmoved despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes. [ 6 ] once Bavaria was established as a autonomous kingdom in 1806, Munich became a major european center of arts, architecture, acculturation and skill. In 1918, during the german Revolution, the rule house of Wittelsbach, which had governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich and a ephemeral socialistic republic was declared. In the 1920s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. After the Nazis ‘ rise to world power, Munich was declared their “ Capital of the Movement ”. The city was heavily bombed during World War II, but has restored most of its traditional cityscape. After the goal of postwar american occupation in 1949, there was a big increase in population and economic power during the years of Wirtschaftswunder, or “ economic miracle ”. The city hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics and was one of the host cities of the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. today, Munich is a global center of art, science, technology, finance, print, culture, initiation, education, business, and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and choice of animation, reaching foremost in Germany and third base worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey, [ 7 ] and being rated the global ‘s most livable city by the Monocle ‘s choice of Life Survey 2018. [ 8 ] According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Munich is considered an alpha-world city, as of 2015. [ 9 ] It is one of the most golden [ 10 ] and fastest growing [ 11 ] cities in Germany. Munich ‘s economy is based on high technical school, automobiles, the serve sector and creative industries, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as IT, biotechnology, technology and electronics among many others. The city houses many multinational companies, such as BMW, Siemens, MAN, Allianz and MunichRE. It is besides home to two research universities, a multitude of scientific institutions, and world class engineering and skill museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum. [ 12 ] Munich ‘s numerous architectural and cultural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual Oktoberfest attract considerable tourism. [ 13 ] The city is home to more than 530,000 people of extraneous background, making up 37.7 % of its population. [ 14 ]

history [edit ]

“ Solang five hundred alte Peter ”, the city hymn of Munich

etymology [edit ]

The name of the city is normally interpreted as deriving from the Old / Middle high german condition Munichen, meaning “ by the monks ”. A monk is besides depicted on the city ‘s coat of arms. The town is first mentioned as forum apud Munichen in the Augsburg arbitration [ de ] of 14 June 1158 by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The name in advanced German is München, but this has been variously translated in different languages : in English, French, Spanish and respective early languages as “ Munich ”, in italian as “ Monaco di Baviera ”, in Portuguese as “ Munique ”. [ 17 ]

prehistory [edit ]

archaeological finds in Munich, such as in Freiham/Aubing, indicate early on settlements and graves dating back to the Bronze Age ( 7th–6th hundred BC ). [ 18 ] [ 19 ] tell of celtic settlements from the Iron Age have been discovered in areas around Perlach. [ 20 ]

Roman period [edit ]

The ancient Roman road Via Julia, which connected Augsburg and Salzburg, crossed over the Isar River south of contemporary Munich, at the towns of Baierbrunn and Gauting. [ 21 ] A Roman settlement northeast of business district Munich was excavated in the vicinity of Denning/Bogenhausen. [ 22 ]

Post-Roman settlements [edit ]

In the sixth Century and beyond, diverse heathen groups, such as the Baiuvarii, populated the sphere around what is nowadays mod Munich, such as in Johanneskirchen, Feldmoching, Bogenhausen and Pasing. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The first known christian church was built ca. 815 in Fröttmanning. [ 25 ]

beginning of medieval town [edit ]

Munich in the sixteenth hundred plan of Munich in 1642 The origin of the modern city of Munich is the resultant role of a power contend between a military warlord and an influential Catholic bishop. Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria ( d. 1195 ) was one of the most potent german princes of his time. He ruled over huge territories in the german Holy Roman Empire from the North and Baltic Seas to the Alps. Henry wanted to expand his power in Bavaria by gaining control condition of the lucrative Salt Trade, which the Catholic Church in Freising had under its operate. Bishop Otto von Freising ( d. 1158 ) was a scholar, historian and bishop of a bombastic section of Bavaria that was contribution of his diocese of Freising. Years earlier ( the accurate time is unclear, but may have been in the early tenth century ), Benedictine monks helped build a toll bridge and a customs house over the Isar River ( most likely in the modern township of Oberföhring ) to control the Salt Trade between Augsburg and Salzburg ( which had existed since Roman times ). Henry wanted to control the bell bridge and its income for himself, so he destroyed the bridge and customs house in 1156. He then built a new toll bridge, customs house and a mint market close to his family downriver ( at a village around the area of modern oldtown Munich : Marienplatz, Marienhof and the St. Peter ‘s Church ). This newfangled toll bridge most probably crossed the Isar where the Museuminsel and the modern Ludwigsbrücke is now located. [ 26 ] Bishop Otto protested to his nephew, Emperor Frederick Barbarosa ( d. 1190 ). however, on 14 June 1158, in Augsburg, the conflict was settled in favor of Duke Henry. The Augsburg Arbitration mentions the appoint of the location in quarrel as forum apud Munichen. Although Bishop Otto had lost his bridge, the arbiters ordered Duke Henry to pay a one-third of his income to the Bishop in Freising as compensation. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] 14 June 1158, is considered the official ‘founding day ‘ of the city of Munich, not the date when it was first settled. archaeological excavations at Marienhof Square ( near Marienplatz ) in overture of the expansion of the S-Bahn ( underpass ) in 2012 discovered shards of vessels from the eleventh hundred, which prove again that the settlement of Munich must be older than the Augsburg Arbitration of 1158. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] The old St. Peter ‘s church near Marienplatz is besides believed to predate the establish go steady of the town. [ 32 ] In 1175 Munich received city condition and fortification. In 1180, after Henry the Lion ‘s drop from grace with Emperor Frederick Barbarosa, including his trial and expatriate, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria, and Munich was handed to the Bishop of Freising. In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residency of Upper Bavaria. Duke Louis IV, a native of Munich, was elected german king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strengthened the city ‘s military position by granting it the strategic arms limitation talks monopoly, therefore assuring it of extra income. On 13 February 1327, a boastfully fire broke out in Munich that lasted two days and destroyed about a third gear of the town. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] In 1349 the Black Death ravaged Munich and Bavaria. [ 35 ] In the fifteenth hundred, Munich underwent a revival of medieval arts : the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and Munich ‘s largest Gothic church – the Frauenkirche – now a cathedral, was constructed in only 20 years, starting in 1468 .

capital of reunite Bavaria [edit ]

Banners with the colours of Munich ( left ) and Bavaria ( right ) with the Frauenkirche in the background When Bavaria was reunited in 1506 after a brief war against the Duchy of Landshut, Munich became its capital. The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the woo ( see Orlando di Lasso and Heinrich Schütz ). During the sixteenth century, Munich was a center of the german rejoinder reformation, and besides of rebirth arts. Duke Wilhelm V commissioned the Jesuit Michaelskirche, which became a concentrate for the counter-reformation, and besides built the Hofbräuhaus for brewing brown beer in 1589. The Catholic League was founded in Munich in 1609. In 1623, during the Thirty Years ‘ War, Munich became an electoral mansion when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with the electoral dignity, but in 1632 the city was occupied by Gustav II Adolph of Sweden. When the bubonic blight broke out in 1634 and 1635, about one-third of the population died. Under the regency of the bavarian electors, Munich was an crucial center of Baroque life, but besides had to suffer under Habsburg occupations in 1704 and 1742. After making an alliance with Napoleonic France, the city became the capital of the modern Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 with Elector Maximillian Joseph becoming its first King. The country parliament ( the Landtag ) and the modern archdiocese of Munich and Freising were besides located in the city. During the early to mid-19th hundred, the erstwhile strengthen city walls of Munich were largely demolished due to population expansion. [ 36 ] Munich ‘s annual Beer Festival, Oktoberfest, has its origins from a royal wedding in October 1810. The fields are now contribution of the ‘Theresienwiese ‘ near downtown. In 1826, Landshut University was moved to Munich. Many of the city ‘s finest buildings belong to this period and were built under the first base three bavarian kings. particularly Ludwig I rendered outstanding services to Munich ‘s status as a center of the arts, attracting numerous artists and enhancing the city ‘s architectural substance with grand boulevards and buildings. The beginning Munich railway station was built in 1839, with a line going to Augsburg in the west. By 1849 a newer munich Central Train Station ( München Hauptbahnhof ) was completed, with a line going to Landshut and Regensburg in the north. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] By the time Ludwig II became king in 1864, he remained by and large aloof from his capital and focused more on his fanciful castles in the bavarian countryside, which is why he is known the earth over as the ‘fairytale king ‘. Nevertheless, his patronage of Richard Wagner secured his posthumous reputation, as do his castles, which still generate significant tourist income for Bavaria. Later, Prince Regent Luitpold ‘s years as regent were marked by frightful artistic and cultural action in Munich, enhancing its condition as a cultural impel of ball-shaped importance ( see Franz von Stuck and Der Blaue Reiter ) .

World War I to World War II [edit ]

Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very unmanageable, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During french breeze raids in 1916, three bomb fell on Munich. In March 1916, three offprint aircraft-engine and automobile companies joined to form ‘Bayerische Motoren Werke ‘ ( BMW ) in Munich. [ 39 ] After World War I, the city was at the center of hearty political agitation. In November 1918, on the eve of the german rotation, Ludwig III and his syndicate fled the city. After the murder of the beginning republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. When Communists took ability, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was ended on 3 May 1919 by the Freikorps. While the republican government had been restored, Munich became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the National Socialists soon rose to prominence .
Bombing damage to the Altstadt. Note the roofless and pocked Altes Rathaus looking up the Tal. The roofless Heilig-Geist-Kirche is on the right of the photograph. Its steeple, without the bull top, is behind the church. The Talbruck gate loom is missing wholly. Munich ‘s first movie studio ( Bavaria Film ) was founded in 1919. [ 40 ] In 1923, Adolf Hitler and his supporters, who were concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an undertake to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize baron. The disgust failed, resulting in Hitler ‘s check and the temp crippling of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ). The city again became important to the Nazis when they took ability in Germany in 1933. The party created its first assiduity camp at Dachau, 16 kilometer ( 9.9 secret intelligence service ) northwest of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ( “ capital of the Movement ” ). [ 41 ] The NSDAP headquarters were in Munich and many Führerbauten ( “ Führer buildings ” ) were built around the Königsplatz, some of which still survive. In March 1924, Munich broadcast its first radio program. The post became ‘ Bayerischer Rundfunk ‘ in 1931. [ 42 ] The city was the site where the 1938 Munich Agreement signed between Britain and France with Germany as separate of the Franco-British policy of appeasement. The british Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the german annexation of Czechoslovakia ‘s Sudetenland area in the hopes of satisfying Hitler ‘s territorial expansion. [ 43 ] The first airport in Munich was completed in October 1939, in the area of Riem. The airport would remain there until it was moved close to Freising in 1992. [ 44 ] On November 8, 1939, concisely after the second World War had begun, a bomb was planted in the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich in a attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler during a political party actor’s line. Hitler, however, had left the construct minutes before the fail went off. On its web site nowadays stands the GEMA Building, the Gasteig Cultural Centre and the Munich City Hilton Hotel. [ 45 ] Munich was the base of the White Rose, a scholar resistor movement from June 1942 to February 1943. The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in Munich University by Hans and Sophie Scholl. The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War II, with 71 air raids over five years. US troops emancipated Munich on April 30, 1945. [ 46 ]

Postwar [edit ]

After US occupation in 1945, Munich was wholly rebuild following a meticulous plan, which preserved its pre-war street power system. In 1957, Munich ‘s population surpassed one million. The city continued to play a highly significant function in the german economy, politics and culture, giving rise to its nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ( “ secret capital ” ) in the decades after World War II. [ citation needed ] In Munich, Bayerischer Rundfunk began its first base television receiver circulate in 1954. [ 47 ] Since 1963, Munich has been the host city for annual conferences on international security policy. Munich besides became known on the political level due to the impregnable charm of bavarian politician Franz Josef Strauss from the 1960s to the 1980s. The Munich Airport ( built in 1992 ) was named in his award. [ 48 ] Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics, during which 11 Israeli athletes were murdered by palestinian terrorists in the Munich massacre, when gunmen from the palestinian “ Black September “ group took hostage members of the Israeli Olympic team. [ citation needed ] Mass murders besides occurred in Munich in 1980 and 2016. Munich besides hosted the FIFA World Cup finals in 1974. Munich is besides home of the celebrated Nockherberg Strong Beer Festival during the Lenten fast period ( normally in March ). Its origins go back to the 17th/18th century, but has become popular when the festivities were beginning televised in the 1980s. The fest includes amusing speeches and a mini-musical in which numerous german politicians are parodied by double actors. [ 49 ] Munich was one of the host cities for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Munich was one of the server cities for the UEFA european 2020 soccer/football backing, ( which was delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany ) .

geography [edit ]

Satellite photograph Munich by ESA Sentinel-2

topography [edit ]

Munich lies on the elevated railway plains of Upper Bavaria, about 50 km ( 31 mi ) north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 520 m ( 1,706 foot ) ASL. The local rivers are the Isar and the Würm. Munich is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland. The northern separate of this flaxen tableland includes a highly prolific flint area which is no longer affected by the fold processes found in the Alps, while the southerly contribution is covered with morainic hills. Between these are fields of fluvio-glacial out-wash, such as around Munich. Wherever these deposits get thin, the earth water can permeate the perplex airfoil and flood the area, leading to marshes as in the north of Munich .

climate [edit ]

By Köppen classification templates and updated data the climate is oceanic ( Cfb ), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental ( Dfb ) features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent bamboozle cover. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] The proximity to the Alps brings higher volumes of rain and consequently greater susceptibility to flood problems. Studies of adaptation to climate change and extreme events are carried out, one of them is the Isar Plan of the EU Adaptation Climate. [ 52 ] The city kernel lies between both climates, while the airport of Munich has a humid continental climate. The warmest calendar month, on average, is July. The cool is January. Showers and thunderstorms bring the highest average monthly precipitation in late leap and throughout the summer. The most precipitation occurs in July, on average. winter tends to have less precipitation, the least in February. The higher elevation and proximity to the Alps cause the city to have more rain and snow than many other parts of Germany. The Alps affect the city ‘s climate in other ways excessively ; for case, the warm declivitous wind from the Alps ( föhn wind ), which can raise temperatures precipitously within a few hours even in the winter. Being at the center of Europe, Munich is discipline to many climatic influences, so that weather conditions there are more varying than in early european cities, specially those promote west and south of the Alps. At Munich ‘s official weather stations, the highest and lowest temperatures ever measured are 37.5 °C ( 100 °F ), on 27 July 1983 in Trudering-Riem, and −31.6 °C ( −24.9 °F ), on 12 February 1929 in Botanic Garden of the city. [ 53 ] [ 54 ]

Climate data for Munich (Dreimühlenviertel), elevation: 515 m and 535 m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1954–present[a]
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	18.9 (66.0)	21.4 (70.5)	24.0 (75.2)	32.2 (90.0)	31.8 (89.2)	35.2 (95.4)	37.5 (99.5)	37.0 (98.6)	31.8 (89.2)	28.2 (82.8)	24.2 (75.6)	21.7 (71.1)	37.5 (99.5)
Average high °C (°F)	3.5 (38.3)	5.0 (41.0)	9.5 (49.1)	14.2 (57.6)	19.1 (66.4)	21.9 (71.4)	24.4 (75.9)	23.9 (75.0)	19.4 (66.9)	14.3 (57.7)	7.7 (45.9)	4.2 (39.6)	13.9 (57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.3 (32.5)	1.4 (34.5)	5.3 (41.5)	9.4 (48.9)	14.3 (57.7)	17.2 (63.0)	19.4 (66.9)	18.9 (66.0)	14.7 (58.5)	10.1 (50.2)	4.4 (39.9)	1.3 (34.3)	9.7 (49.5)
Average low °C (°F)	−2.5 (27.5)	−1.9 (28.6)	1.6 (34.9)	4.9 (40.8)	9.4 (48.9)	12.5 (54.5)	14.5 (58.1)	14.2 (57.6)	10.5 (50.9)	6.6 (43.9)	1.7 (35.1)	−1.2 (29.8)	5.9 (42.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−22.2 (−8.0)	−25.4 (−13.7)	−16.0 (3.2)	−6.0 (21.2)	−2.3 (27.9)	1.0 (33.8)	6.5 (43.7)	4.8 (40.6)	0.6 (33.1)	−4.5 (23.9)	−11.0 (12.2)	−20.7 (−5.3)	−25.4 (−13.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	48 (1.9)	46 (1.8)	65 (2.6)	65 (2.6)	101 (4.0)	118 (4.6)	122 (4.8)	115 (4.5)	75 (3.0)	65 (2.6)	61 (2.4)	65 (2.6)	944 (37.2)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	79	96	133	170	209	210	238	220	163	125	75	59	1,777
Source 1: DWD[56]
Source 2: SKlima.de[57]

Climate change [edit ]

In Munich, the general drift of global warming with a ascend of medium annual temperatures of about 1 °C in Germany over the last 120 years can be observed deoxyadenosine monophosphate well. In November 2016 the city council concluded officially that a promote resurrect in medium temperature, a higher number of heat extremes, a advance in the number of hot days and nights with temperatures higher than 20 °C ( tropical nights ), a change in precipitation patterns, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as a rise in the number of local anesthetic instances of heavy rain, is to be expected as partially of the ongoing climate change. [ 58 ] The city government decided to support a joint sketch from its own Referat für Gesundheit und Umwelt ( department for health and environmental issues ) and the german Meteorological Service that will gather data on local anesthetic weather. The datum is supposed to be used to create a plan for natural process for adapting the city to better conduct with climate variety adenine well as an integrate action program for climate protection in Munich. With the help of those programs issues regarding spatial planning and colony density, the development of buildings and k spaces a well as plans for functioning ventilation in a cityscape can be monitored and managed. [ 59 ]

Demographics [edit ]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1500	13,447	—
1600	21,943	+63.2%
1750	32,000	+45.8%
1880	230,023	+618.8%
1890	349,024	+51.7%
1900	499,932	+43.2%
1910	596,467	+19.3%
1920	666,000	+11.7%
1930	728,900	+9.4%
1940	834,500	+14.5%
1950	823,892	−1.3%
1955	929,808	+12.9%
1960	1,055,457	+13.5%
1965	1,214,603	+15.1%
1970	1,311,978	+8.0%
1980	1,298,941	−1.0%
1990	1,229,026	−5.4%
2000	1,210,223	−1.5%
2005	1,259,584	+4.1%
2010	1,353,186	+7.4%
2011	1,364,920	+0.9%
2012	1,388,308	+1.7%
2013	1,402,455	+1.0%
2015	1,450,381	+3.4%
2018	1,471,508	+1.5%
2020	1,488,202	+1.1%

From lone 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the city population doubled about every 30 years. It was 100,000 in 1852, 250,000 in 1883 and 500,000 in 1901. Since then, Munich has become Germany ‘s third-largest city. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted, and in 1957 over 1 million .

immigration [edit ]

In July 2017, Munich had 1.42 million inhabitants ; 421,832 foreign nationals resided in the city as of 31 December 2017 with 50.7 % of these residents being citizens of EU extremity states, and 25.2 % citizens in european states not in the EU ( including Russia and Turkey ). [ 60 ] The largest groups of alien nationals were Turks ( 39,204 ), Croats ( 33,177 ), Italians ( 27,340 ), Greeks ( 27,117 ), Poles ( 27,945 ), Austrians ( 21,944 ), and Romanians ( 18,085 ) .

religion [edit ]

about 45 % of Munich ‘s residents are not affiliated with any religious group ; this ratio represents the fastest growing segment of the population. As in the rest of Germany, the Catholic and Protestant churches have experienced a continuous decline in membership. As of 31 December 2017, 31.8 % of the city ‘s inhabitants were Catholic, 11.4 % Protestant, 0.3 % jewish, [ 62 ] and 3.6 % were members of an Orthodox Church ( Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox ). [ 63 ] About 1 % adhere to other christian denominations. There is besides a small Old Catholic parish and an english-speaking parish of the Episcopal Church in the city. According to Munich Statistical Office, in 2013 about 8.6 % of Munich ‘s population was Muslim. [ 64 ]

government [edit ]

As the capital of Bavaria, Munich is an significant political centre for both the express and country as a hale. It is the seat of the Landtag of Bavaria, the State Chancellery, and all state departments. several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the Federal Finance Court of Germany and the European Patent Office .

mayor [edit ]

The current mayor of Munich is Dieter Reiter of the centre-left Social Democratic Party ( SPD ), who was elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2020. Munich has a much stronger leftist custom than the rest of the submit, which has been dominated by the conservative Christian Social Union in Bavaria ( CSU ) on a federal, state, and local degree since the constitution of the Federal Republic in 1949. Munich, by line, has been governed by the SPD for all but six years since 1948. As of the 2020 local elections, green and centre-left parties besides hold a majority in the city council ( Stadtrat ). The most late mayoral election was held on 15 March 2020, with a runoff held on 29 March, and the results were as follows :

City council [edit ]

Left/
SPD/

ÖDP/
FDP/

Groups in the council. PARTEI : 4 seats Volt : 19 seats Greens /Pink list : 24 seats FW : 6 seats BP : 4 seats CSU : 20 seats AfD : 3 seats The Munich city council ( Stadtrat ) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most holocene city council election was held on 15 March 2020, and the results were as follows :

baby cities [edit ]

brass in the Neues Rathaus ( New City Hall ) showing Munich ‘s twin towns and sister cities Munich is twinned with the follow cities ( go steady of agreement shown in parentheses ) : [ 65 ] Edinburgh, Scotland (1954) [ 66 ] [ 67 ], Verona, Italy (1960) [ 68 ], Bordeaux, France (1964) [ 69 ] [ 70 ], Sapporo, Japan (1972), [ 71 ] Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (1989), Kyiv, Ukraine (1989) and Harare, Zimbabwe (1996) .

Subdivisions [edit ]

Munich ‘s Boroughs Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 boroughs or Stadtbezirke, which themselves consist of smaller quarters. Allach-Untermenzing ( 23 ), Altstadt-Lehel ( 1 ), Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied ( 22 ), Au-Haidhausen ( 5 ), Berg am Laim ( 14 ), Bogenhausen ( 13 ), Feldmoching-Hasenbergl ( 24 ), Hadern ( 20 ), Laim ( 25 ), Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt ( 2 ), Maxvorstadt ( 3 ), Milbertshofen-Am Hart ( 11 ), Moosach ( 10 ), Neuhausen-Nymphenburg ( 9 ), Obergiesing ( 17 ), Pasing-Obermenzing ( 21 ), Ramersdorf-Perlach ( 16 ), Schwabing-Freimann ( 12 ), Schwabing-West ( 4 ), Schwanthalerhöhe ( 8 ), Sendling ( 6 ), Sendling-Westpark ( 7 ), Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln ( 19 ), Trudering-Riem ( 15 ) and Untergiesing-Harlaching ( 18 ) .

architecture [edit ]

Viktualienmarkt with the Altes Rathaus The city has an eclectic mix of historic and modern architecture because historic buildings destroyed in World War II were reconstructed, and modern landmarks were built. A surveil by the Society ‘s Centre for sustainable Destinations for the National Geographic Traveller chose over 100 historic destinations around the populace and ranked Munich 30th. [ 72 ]

Inner city [edit ]

At the kernel of the city is the Marienplatz – a large capable square named after the Mariensäule, a marian column in its concentrate – with the Old and the New Town Hall. Its tugboat contains the Rathaus-Glockenspiel. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification outlive – the Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in the south and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. The Karlstor leads up to the Stachus, a square dominated by the Justizpalast ( Palace of Justice ) and a fountain. The Peterskirche close to Marienplatz is the oldest church service of the inner city. It was inaugural built during the Romanesque period, and was the focus of the early monk settlement in Munich before the city ‘s official basis in 1158. nearby St. Peter the Gothic hall-church Heiliggeistkirche ( The church of the Holy Spirit ) was converted to baroque style from 1724 onwards and looks down upon the Viktualienmarkt. The Frauenkirche serves as the cathedral for the Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The nearby Michaelskirche is the largest rebirth church north of the Alps, while the Theatinerkirche is a basilica in Italianate high baroque, which had a major charm on southern german baroque architecture. Its attic dominates the Odeonsplatz. other baroque churches in the inner city include the Bürgersaalkirche, the Trinity Church and the St. Anna Damenstiftskirche. The Asamkirche was endowed and built by the Brothers Asam, pioneering artists of the rococo period. The big Residenz palace complex ( begun in 1385 ) on the edge of Munich ‘s Old Town, Germany ‘s largest urban palace, ranks among Europe ‘s most significant museums of interior decoration. Having undergo several extensions, it contains besides the treasury and the brilliant rococo Cuvilliés Theatre. following door to the Residenz the neo-classical opera, the National Theatre was erected. Among the baroque and neoclassic mansions which hush exist in Munich are the Palais Porcia, the Palais Preysing, the Palais Holnstein and the Prinz-Carl-Palais. All mansions are situated close to the Residenz, lapp as the Alte Hof, a medieval castle and first residency of the Wittelsbach dukes in Munich. Lehel, a middle-class quarter east of the Altstadt, is characterised by numerous well-preserved townhouses. The St. Anna im Lehel is the first rococo church in Bavaria. St. Lukas is the largest protestant church in Munich .

Royal avenues and squares [edit ]

Four expansive royal avenues of the nineteenth century with official buildings connect Munich ‘s inner city with its then-suburbs : The neoclassic Brienner Straße, starting at Odeonsplatz on the northern fringe of the Old Town conclude to the Residenz, runs from east to west and opens into the Königsplatz, designed with the “ Doric “ Propyläen, the “ Ionic “ Glyptothek and the “ playboy “ State Museum of Classical Art, behind it St. Boniface ‘s Abbey was erected. The area around Königsplatz is home to the Kunstareal, Munich ‘s gallery and museum quarter ( as described below ). Ludwigstraße besides begins at Odeonsplatz and runs from south to union, skirting the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, the St. Louis church, the bavarian State Library and numerous submit ministries and palaces. The southerly part of the avenue was constructed in italian renaissance dash, while the north is powerfully influenced by italian Romanesque architecture. The Siegestor ( gate of victory ) sits at the northern end of Ludwigstraße, where the latter passes over into Leopoldstraße and the zone of Schwabing begins .
The neo-Gothic Maximilianstraße starts at Max-Joseph-Platz, where the Residenz and the National Theatre are situated, and runs from west to east. The avenue is framed by elaborately structured neo-Gothic buildings which house, among others, the Schauspielhaus, the build of the zone government of Upper Bavaria and the Museum of Ethnology. After crossing the river Isar, the avenue circles the Maximilianeum, which houses the state parliament. The western parcel of Maximilianstraße is known for its architect shops, luxury boutiques, jewelry stores, and one of Munich ‘s first five-star hotels, the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten. Prinzregentenstraße runs parallel to Maximilianstraße and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais. many museums are on the avenue, such as the Haus five hundred Kunst, the Bavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie. The avenue crosses the Isar and circles the Friedensengel monument, then passing the Villa Stuck and Hitler ‘s old apartment. The Prinzregententheater is at Prinzregentenplatz far to the east .

early boroughs [edit ]

construction in Schwabing In Schwabing and Maxvorstadt, many beautiful streets with continuous rows of Gründerzeit buildings can be found. Rows of elegant township houses and dramatic urban palais in many colours, much elaborately decorated with cosmetic details on their façades, make up big parts of the areas west of Leopoldstraße ( Schwabing ‘s main patronize street ), while in the eastern areas between Leopoldstraße and Englischer Garten like buildings alternate with about rural-looking houses and capricious mini-castles, often decorated with minor towers. numerous bantam alleys and fishy lanes connect the larger streets and small plaza of the area, conveying the fabled artist ‘s stern ‘s dash and atmosphere convincingly like it was at the change by reversal of the twentieth hundred. The affluent zone of Bogenhausen in the east of Munich is another little-known area ( at least among tourists ) rich in excessive architecture, specially around Prinzregentenstraße. One of Bogenhausen ‘s most beautiful buildings is Villa Stuck, famed residency of painter Franz von Stuck .
Two large baroque palaces in Nymphenburg and Oberschleissheim are reminders of Bavaria ‘s royal past. Schloss Nymphenburg ( Nymphenburg Palace ), some 6 km ( 4 mile ) north west of the city center, is surrounded by an parking lot and is considered [ by whom? ] to be one of Europe ‘s most beautiful royal residences. 2 kilometer ( 1 nautical mile ) northwest of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg ( Blutenburg Castle ), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. Schloss Fürstenried ( Fürstenried Palace ), a baroque palace of similar social organization to Nymphenburg but of much smaller size, was erected around the like time in the south west of Munich .
The second bombastic baroque residence is Schloss Schleissheim ( Schleissheim Palace ), located in the suburb of Oberschleissheim, a palace building complex encompassing three classify residences : Altes Schloss Schleissheim ( the erstwhile palace ), Neues Schloss Schleissheim ( the fresh palace ) and Schloss Lustheim ( Lustheim Palace ). Most parts of the palace complex service as museums and art galleries. Deutsches Museum ‘s Flugwerft Schleissheim flight exhibition center is located nearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field. The Bavaria statue before the neo-classical Ruhmeshalle is a monumental, tan sand-cast 19th-century statue at Theresienwiese. The Grünwald palace is the only chivalric castle in the Munich area which even exists .
St Michael in Berg am Laim is a church in the suburb. Another church of Johann Michael Fischer is St George in Bogenhausen. Most of the boroughs have parish churches that originate from the Middle Ages, such as the church of pilgrimage St Mary in Ramersdorf. The oldest church service within the city borders is Heilig Kreuz in Fröttmaning adjacent to the Allianz-Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco. specially in its suburb, Munich features a wide-eyed and diverse array of modern architecture, although rigorous culturally sensitive height limitations for buildings have limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views to the distant Bavarian Alps. Most high-rise buildings are clustered at the northerly boundary of Munich in the skyline, like the Hypo-Haus, the Arabella High-Rise Building, the Highlight Towers, Uptown Munich, Münchner Tor and the BMW Headquarters future to the Olympic Park. respective other high-rise buildings are located near the city centre and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. A landmark of modern Munich is besides the computer architecture of the frolic stadiums ( as described below ). In Fasangarten is the former McGraw Kaserne, a former US army base, near Stadelheim Prison .

Parks [edit ]

Hofgarten with the dome of the submit chancellery near the Residenz Munich is a densely-built city but has numerous public parks. The Englischer Garten, airless to the city center and covering an area of 3.7 km2 ( 1.4 sq secret intelligence service ), is larger than Central Park in New York City, and is one of the populace ‘s largest urban public parks. It contains a nudist ( nudist ) area, numerous bicycle and trot tracks adenine well as bridle-paths. It was designed and laid out by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, both for pleasure and as a work area for the city ‘s vagrants and homeless. Nowadays it is entirely a park, its southern half being dominated by wide-open areas, hills, monuments and beach-like stretches ( along the streams Eisbach and Schwabinger Bach ). In contrast, its less-frequented northern partially is much quieter, with many previous trees and blockheaded underbrush. Multiple beer gardens can be found in both parts of the Englischer Garten, the most long-familiar being located at the taiwanese Pagoda. other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark, the Westpark, and the parks of Nymphenburg Palace ( with the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg to the north ), and Schleissheim Palace. The city ‘s oldest park is the Hofgarten, near the Residenz, dating back to the sixteenth hundred. The site of the largest beer garden in town, the former royal Hirschgarten was founded in 1780 for deer, which distillery live there. The city ‘s menagerie is the Tierpark Hellabrunn near the Flaucher Island in the Isar in the south of the city. Another celebrated park is Ostpark located in the Ramersdorf-Perlach borough which besides houses the Michaelibad, the largest urine park in Munich .

Sports [edit ]

Olympiasee in Olympiapark, Munich
Munich is home to respective professional football teams including Bayern Munich, Germany ‘s most successful club and a multiple UEFA Champions League winner. other luminary clubs include 1860 Munich, who were hanker time their rivals on a reasonably peer foot, but presently play in the 3rd Division 3. Liga along with another former Bundesliga club SpVgg Unterhaching .

basketball [edit ]

FC Bayern Munich Basketball is presently playing in the Beko Basket Bundesliga. The city hosted the final stages of the FIBA EuroBasket 1993, where the german national basketball team won the gold decoration .

Ice field hockey [edit ]

The city ‘s ice field hockey clubhouse is EHC Red Bull München who play in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. The team has won three DEL Championships, in 2016, 2017 and 2018 .

Olympics [edit ]

Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics ; the Munich Massacre took position in the Olympic village. It was one of the horde cities for the 2006 Football World Cup, which was not held in Munich ‘s Olympic Stadium, but in a new football specific stadium, the Allianz Arena. Munich bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games, but lost to Pyeongchang. [ 73 ] In September 2011 the DOSB President Thomas Bach confirmed that Munich would bid again for the Winter Olympics in the future. [ 74 ]

road running [edit ]

regular annual road running events in Munich are the Munich Marathon in October, the Stadtlauf end of June, the ship’s company run B2Run in July, the New Year ‘s Run on 31 December, the Spartan Race Sprint, the Olympia Alm Crosslauf and the Bestzeitenmarathon .

Swimming [edit ]

Public sporting facilities in Munich include ten indoor naiant pools [ 75 ] and eight outdoor swimming pools, [ 76 ] which are operated by the Munich City Utilities ( SWM ) communal caller. [ 77 ] Popular indoor naiant pools include the Olympia Schwimmhalle of the 1972 Summer Olympics, the roll pool Cosimawellenbad, ampere well as the Müllersches Volksbad which was built in 1901. Further, swimming within Munich ‘s city limits is besides possible in respective artificial lakes such as for exercise the Riemer See or the Langwieder lake zone. [ 78 ]
surfer on the Eisbach river wave

river surfing [edit ]

Munich has a repute as a surf hot spot, offering the world ‘s best known river surfing spot, the Eisbach wave, which is located at the southerly edge of the Englischer Garten park and used by surfers day and night and throughout the year. [ 79 ] Half a kilometre down the river, there is a second, easier wave for beginners, the alleged Kleine Eisbachwelle. Two further surf spots within the city are located along the river Isar, the wave in the Floßlände groove and a wave downstream of the Wittelsbacherbrücke bridge. [ 80 ]

culture [edit ]

lyric [edit ]

The bavarian dialects are spoken in and around Munich, with its kind West Middle Bavarian or Old Bavarian ( Westmittelbairisch / Altbairisch ). Austro-Bavarian has no official status by the bavarian authorities or local government, yet is recognised by the SIL and has its own ISO-639 code .

Museums [edit ]

The Deutsches Museum or German Museum, located on an island in the River Isar, is the largest and one of the oldest science museums in the global. Three excess exhibition buildings that are under a protective covering order were converted to house the Verkehrsmuseum, which houses the down transportation collections of the Deutsches Museum. Deutsches Museum ‘s Flugwerft Schleissheim flight exhibition center is located nearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field. several non-centralised museums ( many of those are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität ) show the expand state collections of paleontology, geology, mineralogy, [ 81 ] fauna, botany and anthropology. The city has several crucial art galleries, most of which can be found in the Kunstareal, including the Alte Pinakothek, the Neue Pinakothek, the Pinakothek five hundred Moderne and the Museum Brandhorst. The Alte Pinakothek contains a treasure treasure trove of the works of european masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. The collection reflects the eclectic tastes of the Wittelsbachs over four centuries and is sorted by schools over two floors. major displays include Albrecht Dürer ‘s Christ-like Self-Portrait ( 1500 ), his Four Apostles, Raphael ‘s paintings The Canigiani Holy Family and Madonna Tempi american samoa well as Peter Paul Rubens big Judgment Day. The gallery houses one of the global ‘s most comprehensive Rubens collections. The Lenbachhaus houses works by the group of Munich-based modernist artists known as Der Blaue Reiter ( The Blue Rider ) .
An authoritative collection of Greek and Roman art is held in the Glyptothek and the Staatliche Antikensammlung ( State Antiquities Collection ). King Ludwig I managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina for the Glyptothek. Another important museum in the Kunstareal is the egyptian Museum. The medieval Morris dancers of Erasmus Grasser are exhibited in the Munich City Museum in the old gothic armory build in the inner city. Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is the Lehel quarter between the old township and the river Isar : the Museum Five Continents in Maximilianstraße is the moment largest collection in Germany of artefacts and objects from outside Europe, while the bavarian National Museum and the adjoining bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Prinzregentenstraße rank among Europe ‘s major artwork and cultural history museums. The nearby Schackgalerie is an crucial gallery of german 19th-century paintings. The early Dachau assiduity camp is 16 kilometer ( 10 nautical mile ) outside the city .

Arts and literature [edit ]

Munich is a major international cultural center and has played host to many outstanding composers including Orlando di Lasso, W.A. Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber, Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Max Reger and Carl Orff. With the Munich Biennale founded by Hans Werner Henze, and the A*DEvantgarde festival, the city still contributes to modern music theater. Some of classical music music ‘s best-known pieces have been created in and around Munich by composers born in the area, for exercise, Richard Strauss ‘s tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra or Carl Orff ‘s Carmina Burana. At the Nationaltheater respective of Richard Wagner ‘s operas were premiered under the patronize of Ludwig II of Bavaria. It is the home of the bavarian State Opera and the bavarian State Orchestra. Next door, the modern Residenz Theatre was erected in the build up that had housed the Cuvilliés Theatre before World War II. many operas were staged there, including the premier of Mozart ‘s Idomeneo in 1781. The Gärtnerplatz Theatre is a ballet and musical state dramaturgy while another opera house, the Prinzregententheater, has become the home of the Bavarian Theatre Academy and the Munich Chamber Orchestra .
The mod Gasteig centre houses the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. The third orchestra in Munich with international importance is the bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Its primary concert venue is the Herkulessaal in the former city royal residence, the Munich Residenz. many crucial conductors have been attracted by the city ‘s orchestras, including Felix Weingartner, Hans Pfitzner, Hans Rosbaud, Hans Knappertsbusch, Sergiu Celibidache, James Levine, Christian Thielemann, Lorin Maazel, Rafael Kubelík, Eugen Jochum, Sir Colin Davis, Mariss Jansons, Bruno Walter, Georg Solti, Zubin Mehta and Kent Nagano. A degree for shows, big events and musicals is the Deutsche Theater. It is Germany ‘s largest theater for guest performances .
The Golden Friedensengel Munich ‘s contributions to modern popular music are frequently overlooked in favor of its impregnable association with classical music, but they are numerous : the city has had a strong music scene in the 1960s and 1970s, with many internationally celebrated bands and musicians frequently performing in its clubs. furthermore, Munich was the center of Krautrock in southern Germany, with many important bands such as Amon Düül II, Embryo or Popol Vuh hailing from the city. In the 1970s, the Musicland Studios developed into one of the most big recording studios in the world, with bands such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Queen recording albums there. Munich besides played a significant role in the development of electronic music, with genre pioneer Giorgio Moroder, who invented synth disco and electronic dance music, and Donna Summer, one of disco music ‘s most authoritative performers, both living and working in the city. In the late 1990s, Electroclash was substantially co-invented if not even invented in Munich, when DJ Hell introduced and assembled external pioneers of this musical writing style through his International DeeJay Gigolo Records label here. [ 82 ] other examples of luminary musicians and bands from Munich are Konstantin Wecker, Willy Astor, Spider Murphy Gang, Münchener Freiheit, Lou Bega, Megaherz, FSK, Colour Haze and Sportfreunde Stiller. Music is therefore authoritative in the bavarian das kapital that the city mansion gives permissions every day to ten musicians for performing in the streets around Marienplatz. This is how performers such as Olga Kholodnaya and Alex Jacobowitz are entertaining the locals and the tourists every day. adjacent to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the Residenz Theatre ( Residenztheater ), the Munich Kammerspiele in the Schauspielhaus is one of the most significant German-language theatres in the world. Since Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ‘s premieres in 1775 many significant writers have staged their plays in Munich such as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Henrik Ibsen and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. The city is known as the second-largest publication center in the worldly concern ( around 250 print houses have offices in the city ), and many home and international publications are published in Munich, such as Arts in Munich, LAXMag and Prinz .
At the call on of the twentieth hundred, Munich, and particularly its suburb of Schwabing, was the leading cultural city of Germany. Its importance as a centre for both literature and the fine arts was moment to none in Europe, with numerous german and non-German artists moving there. For exercise, Wassily Kandinsky chose Munich over Paris to study at the Akademie five hundred Bildenden Künste München, and, along with many other painters and writers living in Schwabing at that time, had a profound charm on modern artwork. big literary figures worked in Munich particularly during the concluding decades of the Kingdom of Bavaria, the alleged Prinzregentenzeit ( literally “ prince regent ‘s time ” ) under the reign of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, a time period frequently described as a cultural Golden Age for both Munich and Bavaria as a wholly. Some of the most celebrated were Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann, Paul Heyse, Rainer Maria Rilke, Ludwig Thoma, Fanny zu Reventlow, Oskar Panizza, Gustav Meyrink, Max Halbe, Erich Mühsam and Frank Wedekind. For a short while, Vladimir Lenin lived in Schwabing, where he wrote and published his most authoritative work, What Is to Be Done? Central to Schwabing ‘s gypsy view ( although they were actually frequently located in the nearby Maxvorstadt quarter ) were Künstlerlokale ( artist ‘s cafés ) like Café Stefanie or Kabarett Simpl, whose broad ways differed basically from Munich ‘s more traditional localities. The Simpl, which survives to this day ( although with little relevance to the city ‘s contemporary art scene ), was named after Munich ‘s anti-authoritarian satirical magazine Simplicissimus, founded in 1896 by Albert Langen and Thomas Theodor Heine, which cursorily became an important organ of the Schwabinger Bohème. Its caricatures and biting satirical attacks on Wilhelmine german society were the result of countless of collaborative efforts by many of the best ocular artists and writers from Munich and elsewhere .
The period immediately before World War I saw continue economic and cultural bulge for the city. Thomas Mann wrote in his novelette Gladius Dei about this period : “ München leuchtete ” ( literally “ Munich shine ” ). Munich remained a center of cultural life during the Weimar period, with figures such as Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht, Peter Paul Althaus, Stefan George, Ricarda Huch, Joachim Ringelnatz, Oskar Maria Graf, Annette Kolb, Ernst Toller, Hugo Ball and Klaus Mann adding to the already established large names. Karl Valentin was Germany ‘s most important cabaret performer and comedian and is to this day well-remembered and beloved as a cultural icon of his hometown. between 1910 and 1940, he wrote and performed in many absurdist sketches and shortstop films that were highly influential, earning him the dub of “ Charlie Chaplin of Germany ”. Many of Valentin ‘s works would n’t be conceivable without his congenial female partner Liesl Karlstadt, who much played male characters to hilarious effect in their sketches. After World War II, Munich soon again became a focal detail of the german literary scene and remains thus to this day, with writers angstrom divers as Wolfgang Koeppen, Erich Kästner, Eugen Roth, Alfred Andersch, Elfriede Jelinek, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Michael Ende, Franz Xaver Kroetz, Gerhard Polt, John Vincent Palatine and Patrick Süskind calling the city their home. From the Gothic to the Baroque earned run average, the fine arts were represented in Munich by artists like Erasmus Grasser, Jan Polack, Johann Baptist Straub, Ignaz Günther, Hans Krumpper, Ludwig von Schwanthaler, Cosmas Damian Asam, Egid Quirin Asam, Johann Baptist Zimmermann, Johann Michael Fischer and François de Cuvilliés. Munich had already become an significant position for painters like Carl Rottmann, Lovis Corinth, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Carl Spitzweg, Franz von Lenbach, Franz von Stuck, Karl Piloty and Wilhelm Leibl when Der Blaue Reiter ( The Blue Rider ), a group of expressionist artists, was established in Munich in 1911. The city was home to the Blue Rider ‘s painters Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Gabriele Münter, Franz Marc, August Macke and Alfred Kubin. Kandinsky ‘s first abstract paint was created in Schwabing. Munich was ( and in some cases, silent is ) home to many of the most important authors of the New german Cinema movement, including Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Edgar Reitz and Herbert Achternbusch. In 1971, the Filmverlag five hundred Autoren was founded, cementing the city ‘s function in the bowel movement ‘s history. Munich served as the location for many of Fassbinder ‘s films, among them Ali: Fear Eats the Soul. The Hotel Deutsche Eiche near Gärtnerplatz was slightly like a kernel of operations for Fassbinder and his “ kin ” of actors. New german Cinema is considered by far the most important aesthetic apparent motion in german cinema history since the era of german Expressionism in the 1920s .
In 1919, the Bavaria Film Studios were founded, which developed into one of Europe ‘s largest film studios. Directors like Alfred Hitchcock, Billy Wilder, Orson Welles, John Huston, Ingmar Bergman, Stanley Kubrick, Claude Chabrol, Fritz Umgelter, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Wolfgang Petersen and Wim Wenders made films there. Among the internationally well-known films produced at the studios are The Pleasure Garden ( 1925 ) by Alfred Hitchcock, The Great Escape ( 1963 ) by John Sturges, Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) by Stanley Kubrick, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) by Mel Stuart and both Das Boot ( 1981 ) and The Neverending Story ( 1984 ) by Wolfgang Petersen. Munich remains one of the centres of the german film and entertainment industry .

Festivals [edit ]

annual “ high end Munich ” deal show. [ 83 ]

Starkbierfest [edit ]

March and April, city-wide : [ 84 ] Starkbierfest is held for three weeks during Lent, between Carnival and Easter, [ 85 ] celebrating Munich ‘s “ firm beer ”. Starkbier was created in 1651 by the local Paulaner monks who drank this ‘Flüssiges Brot ‘, or ‘ liquid bread ’ to survive the fast of Lent. [ 85 ] It became a populace festival in 1751 and is now the second largest beer festival in Munich. [ 85 ] Starkbierfest is besides known as the “ fifth temper ”, and is celebrated in beer halls and restaurants around the city. [ 84 ]

Frühlingsfest [edit ]

April and May, Theresienwiese : [ 84 ] Held for two weeks from the end of April to the beginning of May, [ 84 ] Frühlingsfest celebrates spring and the new local anesthetic jump beers, and is normally referred to as the “ little sister of Oktoberfest ”. [ 86 ] There are two beer tents, Hippodrom and Festhalle Bayernland, a well as one roof beer garden, Münchner Weißbiergarten. [ 87 ] There are besides roller coasters, fun houses, slides, and a Ferris steering wheel. other attractions of the festival include a flea marketplace on the festival ‘s beginning Saturday, a “ Beer Queen ” contest, a vintage car show on the first Sunday, fireworks every Friday night, and a “ Day of Traditions ” on the final day. [ 87 ]

Auer Dult [edit ]

May, August, and October, Mariahilfplatz : [ 84 ] Auer Dult is Europe ‘s largest patchwork sale, with fairs of its kind dating back to the fourteenth hundred. [ 88 ] The Auer Dult is a traditional market with 300 stalls selling handmade crafts, family goods, and local foods, and offers circus rides for children. It has taken place over nine days each, three times a year. since 1905. [ 84 ] [ 88 ]

Kocherlball [edit ]

July, English Garden : [ 84 ] traditionally a ball for Munich ‘s domestic servants, cooks, nannies, and other family staff, Kocherlball, or ‘ cook ’ s ball ’ was a luck for the lower classes to take the dawn off and dance together before the families of their households woke up. [ 84 ] It nowadays runs between 6 and 10 am the third base Sunday in July at the chinese Tower in Munich ‘s English Garden. [ 89 ]

Tollwood [edit ]

July and December, Olympia Park : [ 90 ] For three weeks in July, and then three weeks in December, Tollwood showcases very well and performing arts with live music, circus acts, and several lanes of booths selling handmade crafts, adenine well as constituent international cuisine. [ 84 ] According to the festival ‘s web site, Tollwood ‘s goal is to promote culture and the environment, with the main themes of “ tolerance, internationality, and openness ”. [ 91 ] To promote these ideals, 70 % of all Tollwood events and attractions are unblock. [ 91 ]

Oktoberfest [edit ]

September and October, Theresienwiese : [ 84 ] The largest beer festival in the earth, Munich ‘s Oktoberfest runs for 16–18 days from the end of September through early on October. [ 92 ] Oktoberfest is a celebration of the marry of bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig to Princess Therese of Saxony – Hildburghausen which took place on 12 October 1810. [ 93 ] In the last 200 years the festival has grown to span 85 acres and now welcomes over 6 million visitors every year. [ 92 ] There are 14 beer tents which together can seat 119,000 attendees at a clock, [ 92 ] and serve beer from the six major breweries of Munich : Augustiner, Hacker-Pschorr, Löwenbräu, Paulaner, Spaten and Staatliches Hofbräuhaus. [ 93 ] Over 7 million liters of beer are consumed at each Oktoberfest. [ 92 ] There are besides over 100 rides ranging from bumper cars to full-sized roller coasters, a well as the more traditional Ferris wheels and swings. [ 93 ] Food can be bought in each camp, a well as at versatile stalls throughout the fairgrounds. Oktoberfest hosts 144 caterers and employees 13,000 people. [ 92 ]

Christkindlmarkt [edit ]

November and December, city-wide : [ 84 ] Munich ‘s Christmas Markets, or Christkindlmärkte, are held throughout the city from former November until Christmas Eve, the largest spanning the Marienplatz and surrounding streets. [ 84 ] There are hundreds of stalls selling handmade goods, Christmas ornaments and decorations, and Bavarian Christmas foods including pastries, roasted nuts, and gluwein. [ 84 ]
Late-July to mid-august, city-wide : Mini-Munich provides kids ages 7–15 with the opportunity to participate in a Spielstadt, the german terminus for a miniature city composed about entirely of children. Funded by Kultur & Spielraum, this act city is run by young Germans performing the same duties as adults, including vote in city council, paying taxes, and building businesses. The experimental game was invented in Munich in the 1970s and has since spread to other countries like Egypt and China .

Coopers ‘ dance [edit ]

The Coopers ‘ Dance ( german : Schäfflertanz ) is a club dance of coopers primitively started in Munich. Since early on 1800s the custom spread via journeymen in it is now a common custom over the Old Bavaria region. The dance was supposed to be held every 7 years. [ 94 ]

cultural history trails and bicycle routes [edit ]

Since 2001, historically interest places in Munich can be explored via the cultural history trails ( KulturGeschichtsPfade ). Sign-posted cycle routes are the Outer Äußere Radlring ( out cycle route ) and the RadlRing München. [ 95 ]

cuisine and culinary specialities [edit ]

Weisswurst with sweet mustard and a pretzel The Munich cuisine contributes to the bavarian cuisine. Munich Weisswurst ( “ white sausage ”, German: Münchner Weißwurst ) was invented hera in 1857. It is a Munich specialization. traditionally eaten merely earlier noon – a custom dating to a time before refrigerators – these morsels are much served with sweet mustard and impertinently bake pretzels. Munich offers 11 restaurants that have been awarded one or more Michelin stars in the Michelin Guide of 2021. [ 96 ]

Beers and breweries [edit ]

Munich is known for its breweries and the Weissbier ( or Weißbier / Weizenbier, wheat beer ) is a specialization from Bavaria. Helles, a pale lager with a translucent gold color is the most popular Munich beer today, although it ‘s not old ( lone introduced in 1895 ) and is the result of a change in beer tastes. Helles has largely replaced Munich ‘s dark beer, Dunkles, which gets its semblance from roasted malt. It was the distinctive beer in Munich in the nineteenth hundred, but it is now more of a peculiarity. Starkbier is the strongest Munich beer, with 6 % –9 % alcohol content. It is benighted amber in tinge and has a heavy malty taste. It is available and is sold peculiarly during the Lenten Starkbierzeit ( strong beer season ), which begins on or before St. Joseph ‘s Day ( 19 March ). The beer served at Oktoberfest is a especial type of Märzen beer with a higher alcohol contented than regular Helles .
Beer garden in Munich There are countless Wirtshäuser ( traditional Bavarian ale houses/restaurants ) all over the city area, many of which besides have small outside areas. Biergärten ( beer gardens ) are popular fixtures of Munich ‘s gastronomic landscape. They are cardinal to the city ‘s culture and suffice as a kind of melting batch for members of all walks of life, for locals, expatriates and tourists alike. It is allowed to bring one ‘s own food to a beer garden, however, it is prevent to bring one ‘s own drinks. There are many smaller beer gardens and around twenty dollar bill major ones, providing at least a thousand seats, with four of the largest in the Englischer Garten : Chinesischer Turm ( Munich ‘s second-largest beer garden with 7,000 seats ), Seehaus, Hirschau and Aumeister. Nockherberg, Hofbräukeller ( not to be confused with the Hofbräuhaus ) and Löwenbräukeller are other beer gardens. Hirschgarten is the largest beer garden in the world, with 8,000 seats. There are six main breweries in Munich : Augustiner-Bräu, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbräu, Löwenbräu, Paulaner and Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu ( discriminate brands Spaten and Franziskaner, the latter of which chiefly for Weissbier ). besides much consumed, though not from Munich and thus without the correct to have a camp at the Oktoberfest, are Tegernseer and Schneider Weisse, the latter of which has a major beer mansion in Munich. Smaller breweries are becoming more prevailing in Munich, such as Giesinger Bräu. [ 97 ] however, these breweries do not have tents at Oktoberfest .

circus [edit ]

The Circus Krone based in Munich is one of the largest circuses in Europe. [ 98 ] It was the first and still is one of lone a few in Western Europe to besides occupy a build of its own .

nightlife [edit ]

nightlife in Munich is located largely in the city center ( Altstadt-Lehel ) and the boroughs Maxvorstadt, Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, Au-Haidhausen and Schwabing. Between Sendlinger Tor and Maximiliansplatz lies the alleged Feierbanane ( party banana ), a roughly banana-shaped unofficial party partition spanning 1.3 kilometer ( 0.8 secret intelligence service ) along Sonnenstraße, characterised by a high concentration of clubs, bars and restaurants. The Feierbanane has become the mainstream focus of Munich ‘s nightlife and tends to become crowded, particularly at weekends. It has besides been the national of some debate among city officials because of alcohol-related security issues and the party zone ‘s general impact on local residents vitamin a well as day-time businesses. Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt ‘s two main quarters, Gärtnerplatzviertel and Glockenbachviertel, are both considered decidedly less mainstream than most other nightlife hotspots in the city and are renowned for their many hip and laid back bars and clubs angstrom well as for being Munich ‘s chief centres of brave culture. On strong spring or summer nights, hundreds of young people gather at Gärtnerplatz to relax, speak with friends and drink beer .
Maxvorstadt has many smaller bars that are particularly popular with university students, whereas Schwabing, once Munich ‘s beginning and foremost party district with fabled clubs such as Big Apple, PN, Domicile, Hot Club, Piper Club, Tiffany, Germany ‘s first gear large-scale disco Blow Up and the submerged cabaret Yellow Submarine, [ 82 ] a good as many bars such as Schwabinger 7 or Schwabinger Podium, has lost a lot of its nightlife activity in the last decades, chiefly due to gentrification and the leave eminent rents. It has become the city ‘s most coveted and expensive residential district, attracting affluent citizens with little sake in partying. Since the mid-1990s, the Kunstpark Ost and its successor Kultfabrik, a former industrial complex that was converted to a large party area near München Ostbahnhof in Berg am Laim, hosted more than 30 clubs and was particularly popular among younger people and residents of the metropolitan area surrounding Munich. [ 99 ] The Kultfabrik was closed at the end of the year 2015 to convert the area into a residential and position area. apart from the Kultfarbik and the smaller Optimolwerke, there is a broad kind of establishments in the urban parts of nearby Haidhausen. Before the Kunstpark Ost, there had already been an accumulation of internationally known nightclubs in the remains of the abandoned former Munich-Riem Airport. Munich nightlife tends to change dramatically and promptly. Establishments open and airless every year, and due to gentrification and the overheat caparison market many survive alone a few years, while others final longer. Beyond the already mentioned venues of the 1960s and 1970s, nightclubs with international recognition in holocene history included Tanzlokal Größenwahn, Atomic Cafe and the techno clubs Babalu, Ultraschall, KW – Das Heizkraftwerk, Natraj Temple and MMA Club ( Mixed Munich Arts ). [ 100 ] From 1995 to 2001, Munich was besides family to the Union Move, one of the largest technoparades in Germany .
Munich has two directly connected gay quarters, which basically can be seen as one : Gärtnerplatzviertel and Glockenbachviertel, both partially of the Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt zone. Freddie Mercury had an apartment near the Gärtnerplatz and transsexual picture Romy Haag had a club in the city center for many years. Munich has more than 100 night clubs and thousands of bars and restaurants within city limits. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] Some noteworthy nightclubs are : popular techno clubs are Blitz Club, Harry Klein, Rote Sonne, Bahnwärter Thiel, Bob Beaman, Pimpernel, Charlie and Palais. Popular mix music clubs are Call me Drella, Cord, Wannda Circus, Tonhalle, Backstage, Muffathalle, Ampere, Pacha, P1, Zenith, Minna Thiel and the party transport Alte Utting. Some celebrated bars ( pubs are located all over the city ) are Charles Schumann ‘s Cocktail Bar, Havana Club, Sehnsucht, Bar Centrale, Ksar, Holy Home, Eat the Rich, Negroni, Die Goldene Bar and Bei Otto ( a bavarian-style public house ) .

education [edit ]

Colleges and universities [edit ]

Main building of the LMU Munich is a leading placement for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize laureates from Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1901 to Theodor Hänsch in 2005. Munich has become a apparitional center already since the times of Emperor Louis IV when philosophers like Michael of Cesena, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham were protected at the emperor ‘s court. The Ludwig Maximilian University ( LMU ) and the Technische Universität München ( TU or TUM ), were two of the first three german universities to be awarded the championship elite university by a excerpt committee composed of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the german states ( Länder ). only the two Munich universities and the Technical University of Karlsruhe ( nowadays part of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ) have held this honor, and the imply greater chances of attracting research funds, since the first evaluation round in 2006 .

Primary and secondary schools [edit ]

Grundschule in Munich :
Gymnasiums in Munich :
Realschule in Munich :
International schools in Munich :

Scientific inquiry institutions [edit ]

Max Planck Society [edit ]

The Max Planck Society, an independent german non-profit research organization, has its administrative headquarters in Munich. The following institutes are located in the Munich area :

Fraunhofer Society [edit ]

The Fraunhofer Society, the german non-profit research organization for apply research, has its headquarters in Munich. The follow institutes are located in the Munich area :

• Applied and Integrated Security – AISEC
• Embedded Systems and Communication – ESK
• Modular Solid-State Technologies – EMFT
• Building Physics – IBP
• Process Engineering and Packaging – IVV

other research institutes [edit ]

economy [edit ]

Munich has the strongest economy of any german city [ 105 ] and the lowest unemployment rate ( 5.4 % in July 2020 ) of any german city of more than a million people ( the others being Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne ). [ 106 ] [ 107 ] The city is besides the economic center of southerly Germany. Munich topped the rank of the magazine Capital in February 2005 for the economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in 60 german cities. Munich is a fiscal center and ball-shaped city that holds the headquarters of many companies. This includes more companies listed by the DAX than any other german city, angstrom well as the german or european headquarter of many extraneous companies such as McDonald ‘s and Microsoft. One of the best-known newly established Munich companies is Flixbus .

Manufacturing [edit ]

Munich holds the headquarters of Siemens AG ( electronics ), BMW ( car ), MAN AG ( truck manufacturer, engineering ), MTU Aero Engines ( aircraft engine manufacturer ), Linde ( gases ) and Rohde & Schwarz ( electronics ). Among german cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants, purchasing exponent is highest in Munich ( €26,648 per inhabitant ) as of 2007. [ 108 ] In 2006, Munich propertyless workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of €18.62 ( ca. $ 20 ). [ 109 ] The breakdown by cities proper ( not metropolitan areas ) of Global 500 cities listed Munich in 8th place in 2009. [ 110 ] Munich is besides a kernel for biotechnology, software and other serve industries. furthermore, Munich is the home of the headquarters of many other big companies such as the injection moulding car manufacturer Krauss-Maffei, the television camera and lighting manufacturer Arri, the semiconductor device firm Infineon Technologies ( headquartered in the suburban town of Neubiberg ), lighting elephantine Osram, adenine well as the german or european headquarters of many extraneous companies such as Microsoft .

finance [edit ]

Munich has meaning as a fiscal center ( second merely to Frankfurt ), being dwelling of HypoVereinsbank and the Bayerische Landesbank. It outranks Frankfurt though as home of insurance companies such as Allianz ( indemnity ) and Munich Re ( re-insurance ). [ 111 ]

Media [edit ]

Munich is the largest print city in Europe [ 112 ] and home to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germany ‘s biggest daily newspapers. The city is besides the placement of the programming headquarter of Germany ‘s largest public broadcast network, ARD, while the largest commercial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, is headquartered in the suburb of Unterföhring. The headquarters of the german arm of Random House, the world ‘s largest print house, and of Burda publishing group are besides in Munich. The Bavaria Film Studios are located in the suburb of Grünwald. They are one of Europe ‘s biggest film product studios. [ 113 ]

quality of life [edit ]

Most munich residents enjoy a senior high school quality of life. Mercer HR Consulting systematically rates the city among the top 10 cities with the highest quality of life global – a 2011 survey ranked Munich as 4th. [ 114 ] In 2007 the lapp company besides ranked Munich as the 39th most expensive in the worldly concern and most expensive major city in Germany. [ 115 ] Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven by the information engineering, biotechnology, and publishing sectors. environmental befoulment is low, although as of 2006 the city council is concerned about levels of particulate topic ( PM ), specially along the city ‘s major thoroughfares. Since the portrayal of EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate in the air, environmental groups such as Greenpeace have staged boastfully protest rallies to urge the city council and the State government to take a harder stance on contamination. [ 116 ] ascribable to the high standard of know in and the thriving economy of the city and the region, there was an inflow of people and Munich ‘s population surpassed 1.5 million by June 2015, an increase of more than 20 % in 10 years. [ citation needed ]

transport [edit ]

Munich has an across-the-board public conveyance arrangement consisting of an underground metro, trams, buses and high-speed track. In 2015, the transportation modal auxiliary verb share in Munich was 38 percentage populace tape drive, 25 percentage car, 23 percentage walk, and 15 percentage bicycle. [ 117 ] Its public transportation system delivered 566 million passenger trips that year. [ 117 ] Munich is the hub of a well-developed regional transportation system, including the second-largest airport in Germany and the Berlin–Munich high-speed railway, which connects Munich to the german capital city with a journey fourth dimension of about 4 hours. The trade fair transport logistic is held every two years at the Neue Messe München ( Messe München International ). Flixmobility which offers intercity coach service is headquartered in Munich .

Public transport [edit ]

Public transport network For its urban population of 2.6 million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have a comprehensive network of public transport incorporating the Munich U-Bahn ( metro railroad track ), the Munich S-Bahn ( suburban trains ), trams and buses. The system is supervised by the Munich Transport and Tariff Association ( Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund GmbH ). The Munich tramline is the oldest existing populace transportation system in the city, which has been in operation since 1876. Munich besides has an extensive network of bus lines. The across-the-board network of underpass and tram lines assists and complement pedestrian motion in the city center. The 700m-long Kaufinger Straße, which starts near the Main caravan station, forms a pedestrian east–west spine that traverses about the entire center. similarly, Weinstraße leads off northwards to the Hofgarten. These major spines and many smaller streets cover an extensive area of the center that can be enjoyed on foot and bicycle. The transformation of the historic area into a pedestrian priority zone enables and invites walking and bicycle by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes result from applying the principle of “ filter permeability ”, which selectively restricts the number of roads that run through the center. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and motorcycle paths, which permeate the entire center. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip ( see image ). The logic of filtering a mode of tape drive is in full expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the fuse Grid .

Statistics [edit ]

The average measure of clock time people spend commuting to and from work with public passage in Munich on a weekday is 56 minute. 11 % of public transit users, spend more than two hours travelling each day. The average total of time people wait at a arrest or station for public passage is ten-spot minutes, whilst 6 % of passengers wait for over twenty minutes on median every day. The average distance people normally ride in a single stumble with public transit is 9.2 kilometer, while 21 % change of location for over 12 km in a single management. [ 118 ]

cycle [edit ]

bicycle has a firm bearing in the city and is recognised as a good alternative to motorised enchant. The growing number of bicycle lanes are widely used throughout the year. Cycle paths can be found alongside the majority of sidewalks and streets, although the newer and/or renovated ones are much easier to tell apart from pavements than older ones. The cycle paths normally involve a longer path than by the road, as they are diverted around objects, and the presence of pedestrians can make them quite slowly. A modern bicycle rent organization is available within the sphere bounded by the Mittlerer Ring .

München Hauptbahnhof [edit ]

Munich main railway place München Hauptbahnhof is the independent railroad track station located in the city center and is one of three long-distance stations in Munich, the others being München Ost ( to the east ) and München-Pasing ( to the west ). All stations are connected to the populace transport system and serve as exile hub. München Hauptbahnhof serves about 450,000 passengers a day, which puts it on equality with other bombastic stations in Germany, such as Hamburg Hauptbahnhof and Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. It and München Ost are two of the 21 stations in Germany classified by Deutsche Bahn as a class 1 place. The mainline station is a terminal station with 32 platforms. The subterranean S-Bahn with 2 platforms and U-Bahn stations with 6 platforms are through stations. [ 119 ] [ 120 ] ICE highspeed trains stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. InterCity and EuroCity trains to destinations east of Munich besides stop at Munich East. Since 28 May 2006 Munich has been connected to Nuremberg via Ingolstadt by the 300 kilometers per hour ( 186 miles per hour ) Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway production line. In 2017, the Berlin–Munich high-speed railway opened, providing a travel time of less than 4 hours between the two german cities .

autobahn [edit ]

Munich is an integral share of the expressway network of southern Germany. Motorways from Stuttgart ( W ), Nuremberg, Frankfurt and Berlin ( N ), Deggendorf and Passau ( E ), Salzburg and Innsbruck ( SE ), Garmisch Partenkirchen ( S ) and Lindau ( SW ) displace at Munich, allowing aim access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. traffic, however, is much very heavy in and around Munich. Traffic jams are platitude during rush hour a well as at the begin and conclusion of major holidays in Germany. There are few “ green waves ” or roundabouts, and the city ‘s prosperity frequently causes an abundance of clogging construction sites. other contributing factors are the inordinately high rates of car ownership per caput ( multiple times that of Berlin ), the city ‘s historically grown and largely preserved centralized urban structure, which leads to a very gamey concentration of traffic in specific areas, and sometimes poor design ( for example bad traffic light synchronization and a less than ideal ring road ) .

Munich International Airport [edit ]

Franz Josef Strauss International Airport ( IATA : MUC, ICAO : EDDM ) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid and Istanbul Atatürk. It is used by about 46 million passengers a year, and lies some 30 km ( 19 security service ) north east of the city center. It replaced the smaller Munich-Riem airport in 1992. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines from the city. From the independent railroad track station the travel takes 40–45 minutes. An express discipline will be added that will cut down travel time to 20–25 minutes with limit stops on dedicate tracks. A magnetic levitation train ( called Transrapid ), which was to have run at speeds of up to 400 km/h ( 249 miles per hour ) from the cardinal station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes, had been approved, [ 121 ] but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation and after grave protests. [ 122 ] Lufthansa opened its second gear hub at the airport when Terminal 2 was opened in 2003 .

other airports [edit ]

In 2008, the bavarian state government granted a license to expand Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west of Munich, for commercial habit. These plans were opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area ampere well as other branches of local Government, including the city of Munich, which took the case to woo. [ 123 ] however, in October 2009, the permit allowing up to 9725 business flights per year to depart from or land at Oberpfaffenhofen was confirmed by a regional judge. [ 124 ] Despite being 110 kilometer ( 68 myocardial infarction ) from Munich, Memmingen Airport has been advertised as Airport Munich West. After 2005, passenger traffic of nearby Augsburg Airport was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach .

Around Munich [edit ]

nearby towns [edit ]

The Munich agglomeration sprawl across the plain of the Alpine foothills comprising about 2.6 million inhabitants. several smaller traditional bavarian towns and cities like Dachau, Freising, Erding, Starnberg, Landshut and Moosburg are today partially of the Greater Munich Region, formed by Munich and the besiege districts, making up the Munich Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about 6 million people. [ 5 ]

refreshment [edit ]

South of Munich, there are numerous nearby fresh water lakes such as Lake Starnberg, Ammersee, Chiemsee, Walchensee, Kochelsee, Tegernsee, Schliersee, Simssee, Staffelsee, Wörthsee, Kirchsee and the Osterseen ( Easter Lakes ), which are popular among munich residents for diversion, swim and watersports and can be quickly reached by car and a few besides by Munich ‘s S-Bahn. [ 125 ]

luminary people [edit ]

Born in Munich [edit ]

noteworthy residents [edit ]

Twin towns and baby cities [edit ]

Munich is twinned with : [ 129 ]

• Edinburgh, United Kingdom (1954)
• Verona, Italy (1960)
• Bordeaux, France (1964)
• Sapporo, Japan (1972)
• Cincinnati, United States (1989)
• Kyiv, Ukraine (1989)
• Harare, Zimbabwe (1996)
• Beersheba, Israel (2021)

See besides [edit ]

Notes [edit ]

1. ^[55] Two meteorologic stations are responsible for the climatological data so that they are interpolated .

References [edit ]

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