Large-billed crow

Species of shuttlecock
not to be confused with Long-billed corvus
The large-billed crow ( Corvus macrorhynchos ), once referred to wide as the jungle crow, is a widespread asian species of crow. It is very adaptable and is able to survive on a across-the-board range of food sources, making it adequate to of colonizing new areas, due to which it is frequently considered a pain, particularly on islands. It has a large bill, which is the generator of its scientific name macrorhynchos ( Ancient Greek for “ big beak ” ) and it is sometimes known by the common name thick-billed crow. It can besides be mistaken for a park devour. Johann Georg Wagler first base described the species from a type specimen obtained from Java in the class 1827. [ 2 ] The easterly hobo camp crow and amerind jungle gloat were once considered conspecific and together called the jungle crow.

Reading: Large-billed crow

Subspecies [edit ]

It has nine subspecies, and some of them are classifiable vocally, morphologically and genetically, leading to treatments that raise some of them into species status. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]

C. m. colonorum
C. m. connectens
C. m. intermedius
C. m. japonensis
C. m. macrorhynchos
C. m. mandschuricus
C. m. osai
C. m. philippinus
C. m. tibetosinensis

description [edit ]

Ssp. japonensis scavenging on a dead shark scavenging on a dead shark The overall size ( length : 46–59 centimeter ; 18–23 in. ). Wingspan is ( 100-130 curium ; 39-51 in. ). body proportions vary regionally. In the far northeast in Japan, the Kuriles and the Sakhalin peninsula, it is reasonably larger than the carrion crow. All taxa have a relatively hanker bill with the amphetamine one quite chummy and arch, making it look heavy and about raven -like. Generally, all taxa have dark grey feather from the back of the drumhead, neck, shoulders and lower soundbox. Their wings, buttocks, face, and throat are glossy black. The depth of the grey shading varies across its range .

distribution and habitat [edit ]

A large-billed crow on a mountain in Japan The scope of this species is extensive and stretches from the northeastern asian seaside to Afghanistan and easterly Iran in the west, through South and Southeast Asia, to the Lesser Sundas and Cambodia in the southeast. It occurs in forest, parks and gardens, cultivated regions with at least some trees, but is a bird of more receptive nation in the confederacy of its rate where it is not in competition with the common raven and carrion crow of the north .

ecology and behavior [edit ]

diet [edit ]

extremely versatile in its feeding, it will take food from the ground or in trees. They feed on a wide range of items and will attempt to feed on anything appearing comestible, alive or dead, plant or animal. It is besides one of the most persistent species and is quite bold, particularly in urban areas. In Japan, crows are considered to be a pest, as they rip open garbage bags and take electrify coat hangers for their nests. In Sri Lanka, Karunarathna & Amarasinghe ( 2008 ) [ 6 ] noted that the jungle crow might actually be a, if not the, major predator of local anesthetic little animals ; jungle crows are highly experienced at catching lizards, taking only 45 minutes to find, catch and consume four critically endangered endemic lizards in Horton Plains National Park. Food caching behavior has been noted in ssp. culminatus. [ 7 ] [ 8 ]

Breeding [edit ]

Large-billed gloat in Japan The nest is a platform of twigs, normally high up on a tree with a preference for improbable conifers like fir or pine. There are normally 3-5 eggs laid and they are incubated for 17–19 days. The youthful are fledged normally by about the thirty-fifth day. In India, the large-billed brag engender from March to May, but in the plains some of them start even in mid December. The nest is built in a fork of a tree, and is a shallow cup of sticks, sometimes neat and well made, sometimes sketchy and ragged ; it is lined with grass roots, wool, torment, vegetable fiber, and exchangeable materials. Some nests have been found to be built partially or entirely of wire. [ 9 ]

Roosting [edit ]

gregarious at roosts with many thousands at some roost sites. large flocks may be seen at dusk arriving at major roost sites. These roosts show no apparent reduction even during the breed season, and this is because they do not breed during their first year. [ 9 ] During the day pairs may be involved in defending their district but at night they may roost in boastfully groups. They have linear dominance hierarchies that are remembered based on individual recognition. [ 11 ]

voice [edit ]

call recorded in Japan The voice is exchangeable to the house gloat to which it is close, but deeper and normally more resonant and described as the usual loudly “ caa-haa-caa ”. however, it makes a range of calls, some which could be described as “ cau cau ” and others that could be mistaken for a woodpecker drumming .

mortality factors [edit ]

There are few predators of this species. filarial parasites have been reported from this species. [ 12 ] Pathogenic viruses such as H5N1 have been noted to cause deathrate in Japan. [ 13 ] Large scale deaths have besides been noted to be caused by Clostridium infection and enteritis. [ 14 ]