Defender (association football)

Association football stead
In the fun of association football, a defender is an outfield musician whose primary roles are to stop attacks during the crippled and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals. Centre backs are normally in pairs, with two full-backs to their leave and right, but can come in threes with no full backs.

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There are four types of defenders : centre-back, sweeper, full-back, and wing-back. The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations. The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialize for certain formations depending on the managers choice of dally and adaptation .
A centre-back ( besides known as a central defender or centre-half, as the advanced function of the centre-back arise from the centre-half position ) defends in the area directly in front of the goal and tries to prevent opposing players, particularly centre-forwards, from scoring. Centre-backs achieve this by blocking shots, tackling, intercepting passes, contesting headers and marking forwards to discourage the opposing team from passing to them .
The common 4–4–2 formation uses two centre-backs. With the ball, centre-backs are generally expected to make long and speck passes to their teammates, or to kick unaimed long balls down the field. For model, a clearance is a hanker unaimed kick intended to move the ball arsenic army for the liberation of rwanda as possible from the defender ‘s goal. ascribable to the many skills centre-backs are required to possess in the modern game, many successful contemporary central-defensive partnerships have involved pairing a more physical defender with a defender who is quicker, more comfortable in possession and capable of playing the musket ball out from the spinal column ; examples of such pairings have included David Luiz, Gary Cahill, John Terry and Ricardo Carvalho with Chelsea, Sergio Ramos, Raphaël Varane or Pepe with Real Madrid, Nemanja Vidić and Rio Ferdinand with Manchester United, or Giorgio Chiellini, Leonardo Bonucci, Andrea Barzagli and Medhi Benatia with Juventus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] During normal play, centre-backs are unlikely to score goals. however, when their team takes a corner kick or early set pieces, centre-backs may move forward to the opponents ‘ penalty area ; if the ball is passed in the atmosphere towards a crowd of players near the finish, then the heading ability of a centre-back is utilitarian when trying to score. In this case, early defenders or midfielders will temporarily move into the centre-back positions. Some centre-backs have besides been known for their mastermind complimentary kicks and powerful shots from distance. brazilian defenders David Luiz, Alex, and Naldo have been known for using the cannonball free-kick method acting, which relies more on power than placement. In the modern game, most teams employ two or three centre-backs in front of the goalkeeper. The 4–2–3–1, 4–3–3, and 4–4–2 formations all use two centre-backs. There are two chief defensive strategies used by centre-backs : the zonal defense, where each centre-back covers a specific area of the pitch ; and man-to-man score, where each centre-back has the job of tracking a particular enemy player. In the nowadays disused man–to–man marking systems such as catenaccio, a well as the zona mista scheme that late arose from it, there were much at least two types of centre-backs who played aboard one another : at least one man–to–man marking centre-back, known as the stopper, and a free defender, which was normally known as the sweeper, or libero, whose tasks included sweeping up balls for teammates and besides initiating attacks. [ 3 ]

Sweeper ( libero ) [edit ]

The carpet sweeper ( or libero ) is a more versatile centre-back who “ sweeps up ” the testis if an opposition manages to breach the defensive production line. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This stead is rather more fluid than that of other defenders who man-mark their designate opponents. Because of this, it is sometimes referred to as libero, which is italian for “ barren ”. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] austrian director Karl Rappan is thought to be a initiate of this function, when he incorporated it into his catenaccio or verrou ( besides “ doorbolt/chain ” in French ) system with swiss club Servette during the 1930s, deciding to move one player from midfield to a position behind the defensive trace, as a “ last man ” who would protect the back-line and beginning attacks again. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] As coach of Switzerland in the 1930s and 1940s, Rappan played a defensive sweeper called the verrouilleur, positioned good ahead of the goalkeeper. [ 10 ] During his time with soviet club Krylya Sovetov Kuybyshev in the 1940s, Alexander Kuzmich Abramov besides used a musician similar to a sweeper in his defensive tactic known as the Volzhskaya Zashchepka, or the “ Volga Clip. ” Unlike the verrou, his system was not as flexible, and was a development of the WM preferably than the 2–3–5, but it besides featured one of the half-backs dropping deep ; this allowed the defensive centre-half to sweep in behind the full-backs. [ 11 ] In Italy, the libero situation was popularised by Nereo Rocco ‘s and Helenio Herrera ‘s use of catenaccio. [ 12 ] The current italian term for this position, libero, which is thought to have been coined by Gianni Brera, originated from the original italian description for this function libero da impegni di marcatura ( i.e., “ release from man-marking tasks ” ) ; [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 13 ] it was besides known as the “ battitore libero ” ( “ rid batter, ” in italian, i.e. a player who was given the exemption to intervene after their teammates, if a player had gotten past the defense mechanism, to clear the ball off ). [ 11 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] In italian football, the libero was normally assigned the act six shirt. [ 8 ] One of the first predecessors of the libero character in Italy was used in the so–called ‘ vianema’ system, a predecessor to catenaccio, which was used by Salernitana during the 1940s. The system originated from an mind that one of the clubhouse ‘s players – Antonio Valese – posed to his director Giuseppe Viani. Viani altered the English WM system – known as the sistema in Italy – by having his centre-half-back retreat into the defensive line to act as an extra defender and tag an opposing centre-forward, rather leaving his full-back ( which, at the time, was similar to the modern centre-back function ) free to function as what was basically a sweeper, creating a 1–3–3–3 formation ; he occasionally besides used a defender in the centre-forward function, and wearing the number nine shirt, to track back and mark the opponent forwards, thus freeing up the full-backs form their tag duties. Andrea Schianchi of La Gazzetta dello Sport notes that this modification was designed to help smaller teams in Italy, as the man–to–man system much put players directly against one another, favouring the larger and wealthier teams with stronger individual players. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ]
In Italy, the libero is besides retroactively thought to have evolved from the centre-half -back character in the English WM system, or sistema, which was known as the centromediano metodista character in italian football jargoon, ascribable to its association with the metodo arrangement ; in the metodo system, however, the “ metodista ” was given both defensive and creative duties, functioning as both a ball–winner and deep-lying playmaker. Juventus director Felice Borel used Carlo Parola in the centre-half function, as a actor who would drop back into the defense to mark opposing forwards, but besides start attacks after winning back possession, in a alike manner to the sweeper, which led to the development of this speciate position. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] indeed, Herrera ‘s catenaccio strategy with his Grande Inter slope saw him withdraw a player from his team ‘s midfield and rather deploy them further-back in defense as a sweeper. [ 28 ]

prior to Viani, Ottavio Barbieri is besides thought by some pundits to have introduced the sweeper character to italian football during his time as Genoa ‘s coach. Like Viani, he was influenced by Rappan ‘s verrou, and made respective alterations to the English WM system or “ sistema ”, which led to his system being described as mezzosistema. His arrangement used a man-marking back-line, with three man-marking defenders and a full-back who was described as a terzino volante ( or vagante, as noted at the time by former football player and Gazzetta dello Sport diarist Renzo De Vecchi ) ; the latter position was basically a libero, which was later besides used by Viani in his vianema system, and Rocco in his catenaccio organization. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Though sweepers may be expected to build counter-attacking moves, and as such require better ball dominance and passing ability than typical centre-backs, their talents are much confined to the defensive kingdom. For exercise, the catenaccio system of play, used in italian football in the 1960s, often employed a predominantly defensive sweeper who chiefly “ roamed ” around the back line ; according to Schianchi, Ivano Blason is considered to be the first dependable libero in Italy, who – under coach Alfredo Foni with Inter and subsequently Nereo Rocco with Padova – would serve as the last man in his team, positioned deep behind the defensive line, and clearing balls away from the penalty area. Armando Picchi was subsequently besides a go exponent of the more traditional version of this character in Helenio Herrera ‘s Grande Inter side of the 1960s. [ 11 ] [ 19 ] [ 33 ] [ 34 ] [ 35 ] The more modern libero possesses the defensive qualities of the typical libero while being able to expose the opposition during counterattacks by carrying or play the testis out from the back. [ 36 ] Some sweepers move ahead into midfield, and distribute the ball up-field, while others intercept passes and get the ball off the enemy without needing to hurl themselves into tackles. If the sweeper does move up the field to distribute the ball, they will need to make a quick recovery and run rear into their position. In modern football, its use has been reasonably restricted, with few clubs in the biggest leagues using the military position .
The modern example of this position is most normally believed to have been pioneered by Franz Beckenbauer, and subsequently Gaetano Scirea, Morten Olsen and Elías Figueroa, although they were not the beginning players to play this position. digression from the aforesaid Blason and Picchi, earlier proponents besides included Alexandru Apolzan, Velibor Vasović, and Ján Popluhár. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] Giorgio Mastropasqua was known for revolutionising the function of the libero in Italy during the 1970s ; under his Ternana coach Corrado Viciani, he served as one of the foremost modern exponents of the stead in the country, due to his unique technical characteristics, namely a musician who was not entirely tasked with champion and protecting the back-line, but besides advancing out of the defense mechanism into midfield and starting attacking plays with their passage after winning back the ball. [ 14 ] [ 43 ] other defenders who have been described as sweepers include Bobby Moore, Franco Baresi, Ronald Koeman, Fernando Hierro, Miodrag Belodedici, Matthias Sammer, and Aldair, ascribable to their ball skills, vision, and farseeing pass ability. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 44 ] Though it is rarely used in modern football, it remains a highly respected and demanding position. late and successful uses of the carpet sweeper include by Otto Rehhagel, Greece ‘s coach, during UEFA Euro 2004. Rehhagel utilized Traianos Dellas as Greece ‘s carpet sweeper to great success, as Greece became european champions. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] [ 47 ] For Bayer Leverkusen, Bayern Munich and Inter Milan, brazilian international Lúcio adopted the sweeper role excessively, but was besides not afraid to travel long distances with the ball, much ending up in the enemy ‘s final third. Although this situation has become largely disused in modern football formations, due to the use of zonal punctuate and the offside trap, certain players such as Daniele De Rossi, [ 48 ] Leonardo Bonucci, Javi Martínez and David Luiz have played a alike function as a ball-playing central defender in a 3–5–2 or 3–4–3 geological formation ; in accession to their defensive skills, their proficiency and ball-playing ability allowed them to advance into midfield after winning back possession, and function as a junior-grade playmaker for their teams. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] Some goalkeepers, who are comfortable leaving their goalmouth to intercept and clear through balls, and who generally participate more in playing period, such as René Higuita, Manuel Neuer, Edwin van five hundred Sar, Fabien Barthez, Marc-André ter Stegen, Bernd Leno and Ederson, among others, have been referred to as sweeper-keepers. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ]
WM formation of the 1920s showing three fullbacks, all in fairly central positions The full-backs ( the left-back and the right-back ) take up the holding wide positions and traditionally stayed in defense at all times, until a set-piece. There is one full-back on each side of the field except in defences with fewer than four players, where there may be no full-backs and rather alone centre-backs. [ 53 ] In the early decades of football under the 2–3–5 formation, the two full-backs were basically the same as modern centre-backs in that they were the end line of defense and normally covered opposing forwards in the center of the field. [ 54 ] The later 3–2–5 style involved a third dedicate defender, causing the leave and right full-backs to occupy wide positions. [ 55 ] Later, the adoption of 4–2–4 with another central defender [ 56 ] led the wide defenders to play even foster over to counteract the opposing wingers and provide documentation to their own down the flanks, and the position became increasingly specialised for dynamic players who could fulfil that function as opposed to the central defenders who remained fairly electrostatic and normally relied on lastingness, stature and aligning .
In the mod plot, full-backs have taken on a more attack function than was the case traditionally, much overlapping with wingers down the flank. [ 57 ] Wingerless formations, such as the ball field 4–4–2 formation, demand the full-back to cover considerable prime up and down the flank. Some of the responsibilities of advanced full-backs include :

Provide a physical obstruction to opposition attacking players by shepherding them towards an area where they exert less influence. They may manoeuvre in a fashion that causes the opponent to cut in towards the centre-back or defensive midfielder with their weaker foot, where they are likely to be dispossessed. Otherwise, jockeying and smart positioning may simply pin back a winger in an area where they are less likely to exert influence.
Making off-the-ball runs into spaces down the channels and supplying crosses into the opposing penalty box.
Throw-ins are often assigned to full-backs.
Marking wingers and other attacking players. Full-backs generally do not commit to challenges in their opponents’ half. However, they aim to quickly dispossess attacking players who have already breached the defensive line with a sliding tackle from the side. Markers must, however, avoid keeping too tight on opponents or risk disrupting the defensive organization.[58]
Maintaining tactical discipline by ensuring other teammates do not overrun the defensive line and inadvertently play an opponent onside.
Providing a passing option down the flank; for instance, by creating opportunities for sequences like one-two passing moves.
In wingerless formations, full-backs need to cover the roles of both wingers and full-backs, although defensive work may be shared with one of the central midfielders.
Additionally, attacking full-backs help to pin both opposition full-backs and wingers deeper in their own half with aggressive attacking intent. Their presence in attack also forces the opposition to withdraw players from central midfield, which the team can seize to its advantage.[59]

due to the forcible and technical demands of their play put, successful full-backs need a wide roll of attributes, which make them suited for adaptation to other roles on the gear. Many of the game ‘s utility players, who can play in multiple positions on the gear, are natural full-backs. A preferably big case is the real Madrid full-back Sergio Ramos, who has played on the flanks as a full-back and in cardinal defense throughout his career. In the modern game, full-backs often chip in a fair share of assists with their runs down the flank when the team is on a counter-attack. The more common attributes of full-backs, however, include :

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