bilateral relations
Japan–Poland relations refers to the bilateral alien relations between Japan and Poland .

history [edit ]

early on twentieth hundred [edit ]

The Poles have taught us among early things systems for compiling and analyzing materials from open sources that have been successfully interpreted by researchers — Onodera Makoto, japanese military attaché in Sweden

We were united by our hate of Russia — General Baron Motojiro Akashi related to the news, a military attaché in Stockholm in 1904-05 and Józef Piłsudski .

According to Onodera, the cooperation between the Japanese and Poles dates second to the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. In 1904, well-known japanese writer Nitobe Inazō dedicated his bible Bushido: The Soul of Japan to the polish nation, indicating that it was a “ samurai ” state. Despite the geographic and cultural distance between the cultures, this koran was written at a time when the japanese admired Poles for their heroism and honor. The koran has been translated into early languages ​​and published in other countries. very soon, equally early as 1904, a polish version was published in Lwów, and Nitobe wrote a special foreword addressed to Polish readers. He emphasized the similarities between Poles and japanese – he wrote that both nations love honor and attachment to ideals above all else, and a reader from the Vistula River would easily understand what bushido is. The polish version was “ corrected ” in several places by censoring of its resident, but the record inactive enjoyed great popularity among the Poles. The most authoritative moment in the context of Poland ‘s contacts with Japan were the talks between Józef Piłsudski and Tytus Filipowicz and representatives of Japan, which took place during their travel to to that state in July 1904. The visit was financed by Japan. Piłsudski and Filipowicz presented the japanese side with the conscription agreement. It assumed that Japan would pay Poland £ 10,000 upon stopping point of the condense and another £ 10,000 in 1905. Apart from that, at the clock of submitting the proposal, Piłsudski and Filipowicz expected support in the form of 3,000 weapons. At the same time, they reserved for Poland the possibility of obtaining up to 60,000 units. In reelect, they offered intelligence and sabotage activeness on the contribution of Poles, angstrom well as obstructing the mobilization of the russian united states army by all possible means. The information that may be potential shows that the economic and military cooperation between Japan and Poland was successfully implemented. Through the military attachés in Paris and London, Japan gave Poland 33,000 sterling and other funds ( this is an approximation, 20 japanese embassies ). The money received was used to purchase weapons : 23,000 firearms and 4,300,000 ammunition. During the subsequent polish cooperation with Japan, it was besides enriched with 8,500 rifles and 18,100 rounds of ammunition for them, equally well as with explosives. Japan besides makes it easier for Poles to pick up their weapons in Hamburg. It is unmanageable to assess the broad scale of intelligence activities conducted by Poland due to its secret nature. It is known that there were 16 polish spies operating in Russia, cooperating with Japan. They operated in places where russian military troops were stationed. These were Tomsk, Irkutsk, Perm and Samara ; there were besides headquarters in Riga and Liepaja, the purpose of which was to observe the Baltic Fleet. The Poles were to collect information about the directions of motion of russian troops, specially those sent to the east. During World War I, the japanese government declared war on Germany and at the lapp prison term the Japanese elite financially supported the creation of a sovereign polish government in central for professionally teaching japanese spies to break russian codes. General Akashi Motojiro traveled extensively around Europe. He and early japanese financially digest Poles striving to break away from Russia. An significant reconciliation between japanese and polish officers was the honorary treatment of Poles who had repeatedly hosted japanese officers visiting or stationed at their diplomatic missions in Warsaw .

Interbellum [edit ]

During Bolshevik rule in Russia, the japanese government undertook a rescue operation to help Polish children deported to Siberia. japanese ships transported polish children to Tokyo, where the Japanese Red Cross gave them security and then helped them return to Poland. The japanese government moved swiftly in reaction to the call for assistant, asking the japanese Red Cross Society to undertake coordination of the project. japanese Army soldiers had been deployed in Siberia after the russian Revolution and were there to help. In the end, a sum of 765 polish orphans scattered throughout many siberian regions were rescued during the menstruation from 1920 to 1922. The orphans were transported by military ships from Vladivostok to the port of the city of Tsuruga in Japan ‘s Fukui Prefecture. They were then cared for in childcare institutions in Tokyo and Osaka. There is a celebrated incident that happened when the children were about to return dwelling. Having been looked after with great affection at the childcare institutions where they were placed, the polish orphans refused to leave Japan. last parting reluctantly, the orphans sang “ Kimigayo ” – Japan ’ s home hymn – when they boarded the ship boundary for Poland, frankincense expressing their feelings of gratitude. Based on the rescue of polish children from Siberia through Japan, the movie Warushawa-no Aki ( english : Autumn in Warsaw ) was made, directed by Hiroki Hayashi. The defender of polish children was played by the japanese actress Yūko Takeuchi, known for her function in the japanese film Ring. later, there came a clock when Poland had the probability to give back to Japan. Seventy-five years after the orphans were returned to their own country, Poland was kind adequate to invite japanese children stricken with great loss from the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake. The children, many from Kobe and nearby areas of western Japan, went to Poland and stayed from 1995 to 1996, while the chaos and loss caused by the earthquake was sorted out. Poland repeated this kindness after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. On November 20, 2018, a school in the suburb of Warsaw was named after the japanese Army operations that rescued polish orphans : “ Siberia Orphans Commemoration Elementary School. ”

polish and japanese military officers in Warsaw in 1929 Japan and Poland established diplomatic relations on March 22, 1919, months after Poland regained its independence in November 1918. [ 1 ] Both countries formed a silent alliance against the Soviet Union and agreed upon sharing intelligence they obtained. In the interwar period, japanese cryptologists visited Poland, where polish specialists wrote the methods of russian phrases. Onodera claimed that until 1939 the center of the japanese intelligence aimed at Russia was located in Warsaw. The japanese relied heavy on the new Polish secret serve for educate in decoding and continued their close military co-operation even after the german invasion of Poland, which started World War II. Japan rejected war with Poland for this reason. The japanese relied on the huge polish network of spies and allowed the Poles to openly place their agents inside embassies of its protectorate of Manchukuo. Their military cooperation was indeed conclude that the japanese ambassador was one of the people involved in the smuggle of a polish flag made for the London -based Polish Air Squadron. Before the war, Japan wanted Poland to join the Axis countries. At the clock of the signing the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and subsequent approach on Poland, Japan declared that from now on it would never trust Adolf Hitler anymore and would only use him for its own purposes, so as not to help Nazi Germany in the war with the Soviets at the end of the war. The Nazis knew about the close cooperation between Poland and Japan and Hitler ultimately not receiving accompaniment from Japan when Nazis fought againts USSR. During a individual briefing on 5 March 1943, Hitler remarked :

They lie good to your face and in the end all their depictions are calculated on something which turns out to be a misrepresentation afterwards !Adolf Hitler about the Japanese (5 March 1943) [2]

A statue of polish anthropologist Bronisław Piłsudski stands in Japan, who was a research worker of the local polish in Japan and married an Ainu woman who was a citizen of Imperial Japan. He was besides the brother of the polish marshal Józef Piłsudski, who established close cooperation with the Imperial japanese politics in order to jointly attack the Soviet Union. The plan failed due to the marshal ‘s death. Jozef Pilsudski died in 1935, the 10th year of the Showa Era. Paying deference to this good friend of Japan, territory from the grounds of the Yasukuni Shrine was scattered around his grave in Kraków, one of the most culturally and politically meaning cities of Poland. This is another protection to the potency of ties between Japan and Poland. These little-known historical facts about the friendly ties between Japan and Poland have at last been acknowledged publicly, thanks to many arduous years of inquiry by Professor Palasz-Rutkowska in her book, “ history of Polish-Japanese Relations 1904-1945. ” An extra curio may be the fact that from August 27 to September 25, 1926, on the Bréguet 19 A2 plane, polish fly Bolesław Orliński together with mechanic Leonard Kubiak made a multi-stage trajectory from Warsaw to Tokyo, on a route of 10,300 km and back, despite the price to the propeller and the lower wing on the room ( the survive 6,680 kilometer of the route was covered by the plane with the forget lower wing partially cut off ), and a identical wear ( ascribable to anoint loss ) locomotive. In Japan, polish airmen were sky-high received. For his flight, Orliński was awarded the Imperial japanese Order of the Rising Sun 6th class and the Gold Medal of the Imperial Aviation Society, and after his return he was promoted to captain .

World War II [edit ]

During World War II, despite being allied with Nazi Germany, the Empire of Japan along with Italy did not diplomatically support the Nazi invasion of Poland, and the japanese actively supported the polish government-in-exile. This decision was dictated by the japanese misgiving of their nazi allies, who had made a confidential treaty with the Soviet Union. frankincense, the japanese government decided to continue to rely on polish spies even after a ball declaration of war by Poland. The announcement of war from Poland was rejected by japanese prime curate Tojo Hideki under the pretense that the polish government in expatriate was forced to issue it in complaisance with its alliance to both the United Kingdom and the United States, making the declaration legally null. This ensured co-operation between the two intelligence services in gathering information on both the Soviet Union and Third Reich. The japanese agents in Europe during World War II continued to support the polish struggle for exemption against Soviet Union and Third Reich forces vitamin a far as the japanese interests went. At the become of 1939 and 1940, the Japanese helped secretly evacuate a part of the Polish gold allow, the part held in lithuanian -annexed Wilno to inert Sweden. [ 3 ] Chiune Sugihara, japanese vice-consul in Kaunas, played a key character in the operation and besides closely co-operated with polish intelligence. [ 3 ] The japanese agents besides sheltered Polish-Jewish refugees fleeing occupation from both german and soviet forces, though at first it was done without proper authorization from the imperial government in Tokyo. Therefore, Chiune Sugihara had to prove to the authorities that the refugees would be traveling through Japan only as a transportation system area to the United States and not be staying permanently, which finally lead to him gaining full legal approval and aid from the Government of Japan. Tadeusz Romer, ambassador of Poland in Japan, helped the Polish-Jewish refugees after they arrived to Japan. [ 4 ] Throughout the secret alliance, polish agents never disclosed data about their western allies and shared information only pertaining to the Third Reich and the Soviet Union. [ 5 ] The japanese poem Porando kaiko of Major and late General Fukushima Yasumasa mentions the polish fight for exemption. [ 6 ]

advanced relations [edit ]

Poland Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology in Warsaw Japan established a kinship with the polish United Workers ‘ Party ( PZPR ) that represented the Soviet-controlled polish creature express in 1957, while at the same clock continuing to be allied with the London-based polish national government in exile, and late supported the blend of these two in 1989 to form the modern polish state of matter. Both partake reciprocal interests and alliances that forged them closer to each other. The two states celebrated 90 years of kinship in 2009 [ 7 ] and the hundredth anniversary in 2019 [ 1 ] Trade, business, and tourism between both countries continues to thrive. LOT Polish Airlines provides daily non-stop flights between Tokyo and Warsaw. Both countries are broad members of the OECD, but modern relations are limited to by and large trade and cultural activities, both countries see each other as vital partners in global department of commerce. In 2017, Japan became the second largest extraneous investor in Poland in terms of full investment rate, only behind the United States. [ 8 ]

Embassies and consulates [edit ]

Embassy of Japan in Warsaw, Poland

  • Poland has an embassy in Tokyo, and honorary consulates in Kobe and Hiroshima.[9]
  • Japan has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate in Kraków.

References [edit ]