municipality in Vietnam
Haiphong ( vietnamese : Hải Phòng, IPA : [ ha᷉ːj fâwŋ͡m ] ( ) ), or Hai Phong, is a major industrial city and the third-largest in Vietnam. [ 5 ] Hai Phong is besides the center of technology, economy, culture, music, education, science and trade in the Red River delta. Haiphong was founded in 1887 as a seaport city by colonists during french colonial rule. In 1888, the president of the french Third Republic, Sadi Carnot, promulgated a decree to establish Haiphong. From 1954 to 1975, Haiphong served as the most significant maritime city of North Vietnam, and it became one of direct-controlled municipalities of a reunify Vietnam with Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in 1976. In the twenty-first hundred, Haiphong has emerged as a trade gateway, modern, green industrial city of Vietnam, oriented to become the third special-class city of Vietnam by 2030 to 2050 at the latest.
Reading: Haiphong – Wikipedia
history [edit ]
dynastic Vietnam [edit ]
Haiphong was the home of Lê Chân, one of the female generals under the command of the Trưng Sisters who rose against chinese rule in 40 AD and ruled until their defeat in 43 AD. Centuries former under the Mạc Dynasty, the area earned the appellation Hải-dương thương-chính quan-phòng ( 海陽商政關房 / “ The deal defensive area of Hải Dương Province “ ) as it protected the easterly flank of Mac kings ‘ home province .
China street in the late nineteenth century By the nineteenth hundred at the end of Nguyễn Emperor Tự Đức ‘s reign, the Hang Kenh Communal House in what is nowadays the city ‘s Le Chan District was made the administrative seat of An Dương District, restoring its regional importance. [ 6 ] The area by then had developed into a goodly commercial port. At the eve of the french conquest in 1881, a typhoon ravaged the area, killing about 300,000 people in and around Haiphong. Despite the damages, Haiphong was developed by the french to serve as Indochina ‘s independent naval foundation over the ensuing decades .
democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Vietnam War [edit ]
Following the get the better of of Japan in World War II, vietnamese nationalists agitated for independence against french return. french forces landed in Haiphong and encountered resistor which resulted in the deaths of three french soldiers. In retaliation, the french ships, among them the cabin cruiser Suffren, shelled the city, setting it ablaze [ 7 ] and precipitating the first Indochina War. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] french infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy entered the city, fighting theater to house with the documentation of armored units and airplanes. [ 10 ] late in the Vietnam War, Haiphong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force fall upon aircraft because it was North Vietnam ‘s entirely major port. U.S. Admiral Thomas H. Moorer ordered the mine of Haiphong seaport on 8 May 1972, effectively sealing the port. Until it was lifted, the mine caused no casualty. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Despite being targeted, the physical structure of the city was by and large unaffected by the war as the US had a self-imposed prohibition zone for the city. After the war, the city recovered its function as a significant industrial center field. [ 6 ]
geography [edit ]
Haiphong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cấm River, in Vietnam ‘s north-eastern coastal area, 120 kilometer east of Hanoi. The Bính Bridge crosses the Cam and connects the city with Thủy Nguyên District. It has a entire natural sphere of 152,318.49ha ( 2001 ). It borders Quảng Ninh Province to the north, Hải Dương Province to the west, Thái Bình Province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east. Bach Long Vi island, Cat Ba Island and the Long Châu islands, located in the Gulf, are besides administered as separate of the city. Tidal flat ecosystems occur adjacent to the city, however, many have been reclaimed for agriculture or growth purposes. [ 13 ]
climate [edit ]
Haiphong features a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city is perceptibly wetter from April through October ; roughly 90 % of the city ‘s annual haste ( which is approximately 1600 millimeter of rain ) typically falls during these months. There is a detectable dispute in temperatures between the city ‘s winters and summers. Haiphong ‘s coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 °C ( 68 °F ) and modal low temperatures at around 14 °C ( 57 °F ). Its warmest months, June and July, sees modal high temperatures hover around 33 °C ( 91 °F ) and average low temperatures at around 26 °C ( 79 °F ). Sea temperatures range from a low of 21 °C ( 70 °F ) in February to a high of 30 °C ( 86 °F ) during the months of July and August. [ 14 ]
| Climate data for Haiphong (Phù Liễn, located in Kiến An District) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.4 (86.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
37.4 (99.3) |
41.5 (106.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
41.5 (106.7) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.7 (87.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 26 (1.0) |
29 (1.1) |
49 (1.9) |
93 (3.7) |
202 (8.0) |
247 (9.7) |
226 (8.9) |
359 (14.1) |
253 (10.0) |
155 (6.1) |
39 (1.5) |
20 (0.8) |
1,698 (66.9) |
| Average rainy days | 8.3 | 13.4 | 17.1 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 17.4 | 13.8 | 10.6 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 146.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83.1 | 87.7 | 90.8 | 90.5 | 86.9 | 86.1 | 85.8 | 87.8 | 85.3 | 81.4 | 77.9 | 78.3 | 85.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 87 | 46 | 43 | 88 | 190 | 183 | 207 | 179 | 187 | 190 | 156 | 139 | 1,695 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[15] | |||||||||||||
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average temperature °C (°F) | 22 °C (72 °F) | 21 °C (70 °F) | 22 °C (72 °F) | 24 °C (75 °F) | 27 °C (81 °F) | 29 °C (84 °F) | 30 °C (86 °F) | 30 °C (86 °F) | 29 °C (84 °F) | 28 °C (82 °F) | 26 °C (79 °F) | 23 °C (73 °F) | 26 °C (79 °F) |
administrative divisions [edit ]
political division of Hai Phong Haiphong is subdivided into 15 district-level sub-divisions :
They are further subdivided into 10 commune-level towns ( or townlets ), 148 communes, and 72 wards .
table of local politics districts [edit ]
economy [edit ]
Haiphong is a major economic center of the North in especial and Vietnam in general both. Under french domination, Haiphong was level 1 city, adequate to Saigon and Hanoi. The survive years of the nineteenth hundred, the french had proposed to build Haiphong into the economic capital of Indochina. [ 16 ] Today, Haiphong is still one of the most authoritative economic centers of Vietnam. In 2009, Haiphong state budget tax income reached 34,000 billion Vnd. In 2011, budget revenues in the city reached 47,725 billion, increase 19 % compared to 2010. [ 17 ] In 2015, total revenues of the city reached 56 288 billion. Government plans that to 2020, Haiphong ‘s revenues will be over 80,000 billion and the domestic gross reach 20.000 billion. In the rank of the Provincial Competitiveness Index ( PCI ) 2013 of Vietnam, Haiphong city ranked at No. 15/63 provinces. [ 18 ] Haiphong has kinship of trading goods with more than 40 countries and territories around the world. Haiphong is striving to become one of the largest commercial centers of the country. [ 19 ]
diligence [edit ]
diligence is a key sector in Haiphong including food process, idle industries and heavy industries. major products include fish sauce, beer, cigarettes, textiles, wallpaper, plastic pipes, cement, iron, pharmaceuticals, electric fans, motorbikes, steel pipes and ships and out-sourcing software execution. [ 20 ] Most of these industries have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007, with the exceptions of the cigarette and pharmaceutical industries. shipbuilding, steel pipes, fictile pipes and textiles are among the industries with the most rapid emergence. [ 20 ] There are besides growing industries supplying products used by existing industries in the city. PetroVietnam set up a joint-venture PVTex with textile manufacturer Vinatex to build Vietnam ‘s inaugural polyester fiber establish in Haiphong. The factory will use by-products from oil-refining and reduce reliance on import materials. [ 21 ] 270,600 people were employed in Haiphong ‘s industry. 112,600 industrial jobs were created between 2000 and 2007. [ 20 ]
agribusiness, forestry and fishery [edit ]
Despite its condition as a city, around one third gear of Haiphong ‘s area or 52,300 hour angle ( as of 2007 ) are used for agriculture. Rice is the most significant crop, taking up around 80 % of the agricultural country with an end product of 463,100 tons in 2007. [ 20 ] other agrarian products include corn, boodle and peanuts. [ 20 ] Haiphong has a relatively large fishing sector with an output signal of 79,705 tons ( 2007 ). Gross end product has about doubled between 2000 and 2007, by and large due to fast growth in aquaculture, which made up 60 % of gross output in 2007. Despite its coastal location, ocean pisces put up relatively little to the sector ( around one fourth ). Nam Định Province and Thái Bình Province have much larger fishing sectors and even the inland Hải Dương Province has a larger gross output from fishing than Haiphong. [ 20 ] As of 2007, 315,500 were employed in department of agriculture and fishery, a significant decrease from 396,300 in 2000. however, these sectors still account for about a third of total employment in Haiphong, a larger plowshare than diligence. [ 20 ] however, crying output in both department of agriculture and fishery have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007 .
Demographics [edit ]
Haiphong is the third most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of 2.103.500 for the metropolitan area ( 2015 ), encompassing an area of 1,507.57 km2 ( 582.08 sq mi ), 46,1 % of population reside in the urban districts. [ 22 ] The sex distribution is half female ( 50.4 % ). [ 23 ]
population growth [edit ]
As of the 2009 census, Haiphong ‘s median annual population growth rate was given as 4.0 %. Haiphong ‘s crude parentage rate was recorded at 18.1 know births per 1000 persons vs the unrefined death rate of 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life anticipation at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. baby deathrate rate was measured at 11.8 baby deaths per 1000 populate births, just over two points above the state ‘s average for urban areas. In the like census, the city ‘s emigration was 1.9 % volt immigration of 2.8 % and, for a internet migration rate of 0.9 %. [ 23 ]
education [edit ]
ecstasy [edit ]
NASA image of Haiphong
Roads [edit ]
Haiphong is located at the articulation of two National Highways : route 5, leading west to Hanoi, and Route 10, leading south to Nam Định and ahead to connect with National Route 1A at Ninh Bình. Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong ‘s city center all the way to the coast. A connecting road from route 5 to route 18 links Haiphong with Quảng Ninh Province. In 2015, the modern highway connecting Haiphong with Hanoi was completed ; this is the most modern highway in Vietnam and reduces the trip by one hour as compared to the previous path. [ 24 ] Within the city there are several long-distance bus depots : Niem Nghia, Vinh Niem, Thuong Ly.
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A new highway path was completed final year 2016 to make the transfer faster and easier. From Hanoi to Haiphong and back, it takes less than 2 hours to reach not thus retentive as 3 hours as ahead. besides shorten the distance from Haiphong to Thai Binh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen. Tourists can easily catch a coach from Niem Nghia bus post to Hanoi or Cat Ba island, either Quang Ninh, or South of Vietnam .
Airports [edit ]
The independent airport serving Haiphong is Cat Bi International Airport with three flights daily to Ho Chi Minh city. In April, 2011 Vietnam Airlines launched routes to Da Nang with 5 flights a week. An international airport for Haiphong, situated in Tien Lang zone, is in the plan stages ; if realized it would become the largest airport in northern Vietnam .
Seaports [edit ]
Haiphong larboard is one of the largest ports in Vietnam and southeast Asia as a whole. The Port of Haiphong on the Cấm River is divided into three main docks : Hoang Dieu ( Central concluding ) located near the city ‘s center, Chua Ve, and Dinh Vu both far downriver to the east. [ 25 ] several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cát Hải and Cát Bà Islands ; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the city kernel while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on the coast. The government had approved the plans to build an international larboard in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the current larboard. once completed this will be one of the deepest port in Vietnam with draft of 14m, capable of receiving ships up to 100.000 DWT .
railroad track [edit ]
Hai Phong Railway Station built in 1902 is the eastern destination of the Kunming–Hai Phong Railway, besides known as the Yunnan –Vietnam Railway. Built at by the french during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming in Yunnan, China, although avail along the chinese share of the line is presently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong with connections to the pillow of the Vietnamese railroad track network is via Hanoi. There are daily trains start from 6AM until 6PM from Hai Phong city to the capital Hanoi and return. The trains take approximately 3 hours to arrive to Hanoi ampere well as the same time period back to the landport city .
cuisine [edit ]
Hai Phong cuisine is well known for seafood dishes. seafood restaurants in the Do Son area have very bracing and low-cost shrimp, crab, pisces, and squid. The manner of seafood processing in Hai Phong follows a elementary style, emphasizing the perfume and freshness of ingredients more than the fussiness in seasoning. Dishes such as bánh đa cua ( bolshevik noodle soup with crab ), bún cá ( pisces rice attic soup ), bánh mỳ que key ( blue stick-bread ), cơm cháy hải sản ( crisp rice cracker with seafood ), nem cua bể ( straight cancer spring rolls ), … are now indeed familiar and celebrated. These dishes can be found on the streets of other places like Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, … but enjoying them on the Red Phoenix Flower City ( the other diagnose of Haiphong City ) is still the most ideal because of the option of natural ingredients and cooking secrets of local anesthetic chefs. Hai Phong cuisine has been promoted to Europe at the Brest Maritime Festival 2008 ( France ) and resonated greatly. In accession, Hai Phong besides has many other dishes such as mantis prawn hot pot, attic sprouts salad, sủi dìn, bánh bèo ( Haiphong ‘s version, which is unlike from Hue ‘s version ), …
luminary people [edit ]
Twin towns – sister cities [edit ]
gallery [edit ]
Du Hang Pagoda
Du Hang Pagoda Architecture
The City ‘s Opera House
A Buddhist synagogue in Haiphong .
Haiphong Cathedral ( 2007 )
Haiphong City International Exhibition Center
See besides [edit ]
References [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
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Coordinates :