In the sport of affiliation football, a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles are to stop attacks during the bet on and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals. Centre backs are normally in pairs, with two full-backs to their bequeath and right, but can come in threes with no wide backs.
There are four types of defenders : centre-back, sweeper, full-back, and wing-back. The centre-back and full-back positions are necessity in most modern formations. The sweeper and wing-back roles are more speciate for certain formations depending on the managers choice of play and adaptation .
A centre-back ( besides known as a cardinal defender or centre-half, as the modern function of the centre-back arise from the centre-half position ) defends in the area immediately in battlefront of the finish and tries to prevent opposing players, peculiarly centre-forwards, from scoring. Centre-backs carry through this by blocking shots, tackling, intercepting passes, contesting headers and marking forwards to discourage the opposing team from passing to them .
The coarse 4–4–2 formation uses two centre-backs. With the ball, centre-backs are by and large expected to make retentive and pinpoint passes to their teammates, or to kick unaimed long balls down the plain. For model, a clearance is a long unaimed complain intended to move the ball arsenic far as possible from the defender ‘s finish. due to the many skills centre-backs are required to possess in the modern game, many successful contemporaneous central-defensive partnerships have involved pairing a more forcible defender with a defender who is quicker, more comfortable in possession and capable of playing the ball out from the back ; examples of such pairings have included David Luiz, Gary Cahill, John Terry and Ricardo Carvalho with Chelsea, Sergio Ramos, Raphaël Varane or Pepe with Real Madrid, Nemanja Vidić and Rio Ferdinand with Manchester United, or Giorgio Chiellini, Leonardo Bonucci, Andrea Barzagli and Medhi Benatia with Juventus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] During normal play, centre-backs are unlikely to score goals. however, when their team takes a corner kick or other rig pieces, centre-backs may move forth to the opponents ‘ punishment area ; if the ball is passed in the air towards a push of players near the goal, then the heading ability of a centre-back is useful when trying to score. In this character, early defenders or midfielders will temporarily move into the centre-back positions. Some centre-backs have besides been known for their direct unblock kicks and knock-down shots from distance. brazilian defenders David Luiz, Alex, and Naldo have been known for using the cannonball free-kick method acting, which relies more on office than placement. In the modern bet on, most teams employ two or three centre-backs in front of the goalkeeper. The 4–2–3–1, 4–3–3, and 4–4–2 formations all use two centre-backs. There are two main defensive strategies used by centre-backs : the zonal defense, where each centre-back covers a specific area of the gear ; and man-to-man set, where each centre-back has the caper of tracking a detail opposition player. In the now disused man–to–man marking systems such as catenaccio, adenine well as the zona mista scheme that former arose from it, there were frequently at least two types of centre-backs who played aboard one another : at least one man–to–man marking centre-back, known as the stopper, and a free defender, which was normally known as the sweeper, or libero, whose tasks included sweeping up balls for teammates and besides initiating attacks. [ 3 ]
Sweeper ( libero ) [edit ]
The carpet sweeper ( or libero ) is a more versatile centre-back who “ sweeps up ” the musket ball if an opponent manages to breach the defensive wrinkle. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This stead is quite more fluid than that of other defenders who man-mark their delegate opponents. Because of this, it is sometimes referred to as libero, which is italian for “ free ”. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] austrian director Karl Rappan is thought to be a pioneer of this function, when he incorporated it into his catenaccio or verrou ( besides “ doorbolt/chain ” in French ) system with swiss club Servette during the 1930s, deciding to move one player from midfield to a stead behind the defensive line, as a “ last man ” who would protect the back-line and start attacks again. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] As coach of Switzerland in the 1930s and 1940s, Rappan played a defensive sweeper called the verrouilleur, positioned equitable ahead of the goalkeeper. [ 10 ] During his time with soviet baseball club Krylya Sovetov Kuybyshev in the 1940s, Alexander Kuzmich Abramov besides used a actor like to a sweeper in his defensive tactic known as the Volzhskaya Zashchepka, or the “ Volga Clip. ” Unlike the verrou, his system was not as compromising, and was a development of the WM quite than the 2–3–5, but it besides featured one of the half-backs dropping cryptic ; this allowed the defensive centre-half to sweep in behind the full-backs. [ 11 ] In Italy, the libero position was popularised by Nereo Rocco ‘s and Helenio Herrera ‘s use of catenaccio. [ 12 ] The stream italian term for this position, libero, which is thought to have been coined by Gianni Brera, originated from the original italian description for this function libero da impegni di marcatura ( i.e., “ complimentary from man-marking tasks ” ) ; [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 13 ] it was besides known as the “ battitore libero ” ( “ detached hitter, ” in italian, i.e. a musician who was given the freedom to intervene after their teammates, if a player had gotten past the refutation, to clear the ball away ). [ 11 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] In italian football, the libero was normally assigned the number six shirt. [ 8 ] One of the first base predecessors of the libero function in Italy was used in the so–called ‘ vianema’ system, a harbinger to catenaccio, which was used by Salernitana during the 1940s. The system originated from an idea that one of the club ‘s players – Antonio Valese – posed to his director Giuseppe Viani. Viani altered the English WM organization – known as the sistema in Italy – by having his centre-half-back retreat into the defensive line to act as an extra defender and marker an opposing centre-forward, alternatively leaving his full-back ( which, at the meter, was like to the modern centre-back function ) free to function as what was basically a carpet sweeper, creating a 1–3–3–3 formation ; he occasionally besides used a defender in the centre-forward function, and wearing the number nine shirt, to track second and mark the oppose forwards, therefore freeing up the full-backs form their tag duties. Andrea Schianchi of La Gazzetta dello Sport notes that this alteration was designed to help smaller teams in Italy, as the man–to–man system much put players directly against one another, favouring the larger and wealthier teams with stronger individual players. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ]
In Italy, the libero is besides retroactively thought to have evolved from the centre-half -back character in the English WM organization, or sistema, which was known as the centromediano metodista character in italian football slang, due to its association with the metodo system ; in the metodo system, however, the “ metodista ” was given both defensive and creative duties, functioning as both a ball–winner and deep-lying playmaker. Juventus director Felice Borel used Carlo Parola in the centre-half function, as a player who would drop back into the defense to mark opposing forwards, but besides start attacks after winning back possession, in a like manner to the carpet sweeper, which led to the development of this speciate side. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] indeed, Herrera ‘s catenaccio scheme with his Grande Inter side saw him withdraw a musician from his team ‘s midfield and rather deploy them further-back in defense as a sweeper. [ 28 ]
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prior to Viani, Ottavio Barbieri is besides thought by some pundits to have introduced the carpet sweeper function to italian football during his time as Genoa ‘s director. Like Viani, he was influenced by Rappan ‘s verrou, and made several alterations to the English WM system or “ sistema ”, which led to his system being described as mezzosistema. His organization used a man-marking back-line, with three man-marking defenders and a full-back who was described as a terzino volante ( or vagante, as noted at the time by former football player and Gazzetta dello Sport diarist Renzo De Vecchi ) ; the latter position was basically a libero, which was later besides used by Viani in his vianema system, and Rocco in his catenaccio system. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Though sweepers may be expected to build counter-attacking moves, and as such require better ball control and passing ability than typical centre-backs, their talents are much confined to the defensive region. For exercise, the catenaccio organization of play, used in italian football in the 1960s, much employed a predominantly defensive sweeper who chiefly “ roamed ” around the back channel ; according to Schianchi, Ivano Blason is considered to be the foremost true libero in Italy, who – under coach Alfredo Foni with Inter and subsequently Nereo Rocco with Padova – would serve as the last valet in his team, positioned deep behind the defensive line, and clearing balls off from the penalty area. Armando Picchi was subsequently besides a go exponent of the more traditional discrepancy of this function in Helenio Herrera ‘s Grande Inter slope of the 1960s. [ 11 ] [ 19 ] [ 33 ] [ 34 ] [ 35 ] The more modern libero possesses the defensive qualities of the typical libero while being able to expose the opposition during counterattacks by carrying or play the ball out from the back. [ 36 ] Some sweepers move forth into midfield, and distribute the ball up-field, while others intercept passes and get the ball off the opposition without needing to hurl themselves into tackles. If the carpet sweeper does move up the sphere to distribute the ball, they will need to make a quick convalescence and run binding into their position. In modern football, its use has been fairly restricted, with few clubs in the biggest leagues using the put .
The modern exemplar of this side is most normally believed to have been pioneered by Franz Beckenbauer, and subsequently Gaetano Scirea, Morten Olsen and Elías Figueroa, although they were not the beginning players to play this position. aside from the aforesaid Blason and Picchi, earlier proponents besides included Alexandru Apolzan, Velibor Vasović, and Ján Popluhár. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] Giorgio Mastropasqua was known for revolutionising the character of the libero in Italy during the 1970s ; under his Ternana coach Corrado Viciani, he served as one of the first base modern exponents of the position in the nation, due to his unique technical characteristics, namely a musician who was not entirely tasked with defend and protecting the back-line, but besides advancing out of the defense into midfield and starting attacking plays with their extremely after winning second the ball. [ 14 ] [ 43 ] early defenders who have been described as sweepers include Bobby Moore, Franco Baresi, Ronald Koeman, Fernando Hierro, Miodrag Belodedici, Matthias Sammer, and Aldair, due to their ball skills, vision, and farseeing communicate ability. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 44 ] Though it is rarely used in advanced football, it remains a highly respected and demanding position. recent and successful uses of the sweeper include by Otto Rehhagel, Greece ‘s director, during UEFA Euro 2004. Rehhagel utilized Traianos Dellas as Greece ‘s carpet sweeper to great achiever, as Greece became european champions. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] [ 47 ] For Bayer Leverkusen, Bayern Munich and Inter Milan, brazilian international Lúcio adopted the sweeper role excessively, but was besides not afraid to travel long distances with the ball, often ending up in the opposition ‘s final third gear. Although this military position has become largely disused in mod football formations, due to the use of zonal mark and the offside trap, certain players such as Daniele De Rossi, [ 48 ] Leonardo Bonucci, Javi Martínez and David Luiz have played a alike character as a ball-playing cardinal defender in a 3–5–2 or 3–4–3 formation ; in addition to their defensive skills, their proficiency and ball-playing ability allowed them to advance into midfield after winning back possession, and function as a secondary playmaker for their teams. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] Some goalkeepers, who are comfortable leaving their goalmouth to intercept and clear through balls, and who by and large participate more in playing period, such as René Higuita, Manuel Neuer, Edwin van five hundred Sar, Fabien Barthez, Marc-André ter Stegen, Bernd Leno and Ederson, among others, have been referred to as sweeper-keepers. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ]
WM formation of the 1920s showing three fullbacks, all in fairly central positions The full-backs ( the left-back and the right-back ) take up the holding broad positions and traditionally stayed in defensive structure at all times, until a set-piece. There is one full-back on each side of the field except in defences with fewer than four players, where there may be no full-backs and rather only centre-backs. [ 53 ] In the early decades of football under the 2–3–5 formation, the two full-backs were basically the same as mod centre-backs in that they were the last line of defense and normally covered opposing forwards in the middle of the field. [ 54 ] The late 3–2–5 style involved a third dedicate defender, causing the forget and correct full-backs to occupy wide positions. [ 55 ] Later, the borrowing of 4–2–4 with another central defender [ 56 ] led the wide defenders to play flush foster over to counteract the opposing wingers and provide accompaniment to their own down the flanks, and the position became increasingly specialised for moral force players who could fulfil that function as opposed to the central defenders who remained fairly inactive and normally relied on strength, stature and put .
In the modern game, full-backs have taken on a more attack function than was the case traditionally, often overlapping with wingers down the flank. [ 57 ] Wingerless formations, such as the diamond 4–4–2 formation, demand the full-back to cover considerable ground astir and down the flank. Some of the responsibilities of modern full-backs include :
- Provide a physical obstruction to opposition attacking players by shepherding them towards an area where they exert less influence. They may manoeuvre in a fashion that causes the opponent to cut in towards the centre-back or defensive midfielder with their weaker foot, where they are likely to be dispossessed. Otherwise, jockeying and smart positioning may simply pin back a winger in an area where they are less likely to exert influence.
- Making off-the-ball runs into spaces down the channels and supplying crosses into the opposing penalty box.
- Throw-ins are often assigned to full-backs.
- Marking wingers and other attacking players. Full-backs generally do not commit to challenges in their opponents’ half. However, they aim to quickly dispossess attacking players who have already breached the defensive line with a sliding tackle from the side. Markers must, however, avoid keeping too tight on opponents or risk disrupting the defensive organization.[58]
- Maintaining tactical discipline by ensuring other teammates do not overrun the defensive line and inadvertently play an opponent onside.
- Providing a passing option down the flank; for instance, by creating opportunities for sequences like one-two passing moves.
- In wingerless formations, full-backs need to cover the roles of both wingers and full-backs, although defensive work may be shared with one of the central midfielders.
- Additionally, attacking full-backs help to pin both opposition full-backs and wingers deeper in their own half with aggressive attacking intent. Their presence in attack also forces the opposition to withdraw players from central midfield, which the team can seize to its advantage.[59]
due to the forcible and technical demands of their act position, successful full-backs need a wide range of attributes, which make them suited for adaptation to early roles on the pitch. Many of the game ‘s utility players, who can play in multiple positions on the cant, are natural full-backs. A preferably outstanding example is the real Madrid full-back Sergio Ramos, who has played on the flanks as a full-back and in cardinal defense throughout his career. In the mod game, full-backs often chip in a fair parcel of assists with their runs down the flank when the team is on a counter-attack. The more common attributes of full-backs, however, include :
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- Pace and stamina to handle the demands of covering large distances up and down the flank and outrunning opponents.
- A healthy work rate and team responsibility.
- Marking and tackling abilities and a sense of anticipation.
- Good off-the-ball ability to create attacking opportunities for his team by running into empty channels.
- Dribbling ability. Many of the game’s eminent attacking full-backs are excellent dribblers in their own right and occasionally deputize as attacking wingers.
- Player intelligence. As is common for defenders, full-backs need to decide during the flow of play whether to stick close to a winger or maintain a suitable distance. Full-backs that stay too close to attacking players are vulnerable to being pulled out of position and leaving a gap in the defence. A quick passing movement like a pair of one-two passes will leave the channel behind the defending full-back open. This vulnerability is a reason why wingers considered to be dangerous are double-marked by both the full-back and the winger. This allows the full-back to focus on holding his defensive line.[60]
Full-backs rarely score goals, as they often have to stay back to cover for the centre-backs during corner kicks and barren kicks, when the center backs normally go fore to attempt to score from headers. That said, full-backs can sometimes score during counterattacks by running in from the wings, frequently involving one-two pass moves with midfield players .
The wing-back is a mutant on the full-back, but with a heavier vehemence on assail. Wing-backs are typically used in a formation with 3 centre-backs and are sometimes classified as midfielders rather of defenders. They can, however, be used in formations with only two centre-backs, such as in Jürgen Klopp ‘s 4–3–3 system that he uses at Liverpool, in which the wing-backs play high up the airfield to compensate for a miss of width in attack. In the development of the modern crippled, wing-backs are the combination of wingers and full-backs. As such, this position is one of the most physically demanding in mod football. successful use of wing-backs is one of the chief prerequisites for the 3–4–3, 3–5–2 and 5–3–2 formations to function effectively. Wing-backs are frequently more adventurous than full-backs and are expected to provide width, specially in teams without wingers. A wing-back needs to be of exceeding stamen, be able to provide crosses upfield and defend efficaciously against opponents ‘ attacks down the flanks. A defensive midfielder may be fielded to cover the advances of wing-backs. [ 61 ] It can besides be occupied by wingers and side midfielders in a three centre-back constitution, as seen by ex- Chelsea and ex- Inter Milan director Antonio Conte. Examples of players who could and did play as wing-backs were AC Milan teammates Cafu and Serginho, Barcelona player Dani Alves, Roberto Carlos of Real Madrid ‘s Galácticos era, erstwhile River Plate ‘s defender Juan Pablo Sorín, World Cup winning german Andreas Brehme, Parma ‘s caption Antonio Benarrivo, Angelo Di Livio of Juventus and Italy and early Corinthians, Arsenal & Barcelona star Sylvinho .