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https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004928

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Thailand is reasonably lag behind early countries in Southeast Asia in adopting the concept of payment for environmental services ( PES ) as an musical instrument for creating incentives for natural resources conservation. There are a number of activities involving payments for provision of activities or environmental services but these are missing many elements that would qualify them as a PES project. Others are chiefly at the design phase or at the initial stages of execution. One of the major challenges is to create recognition of the benefits from ecosystem services. soon, private sectors attach considerable importance to CSR projects. There is nothing wrong with CSR projects but CSR activities do not address missing markets, nor purpose to create incentives to undertake conservation measures on a sustainable basis. To create demand on a scale that would give the momentum for PES would require a revamp existing legal tools to create effective need for conservation services. It may be strategically better to approach the ‘ private sector institution ‘ such as : the Federation of Thai Industries and the Thai Chamber of Commerce, rather than individual individual companies. Without this, CSR investment is likely to be spread therefore flimsy and while succeeding in promoting publicity of individual companies, palpable outcomes in improving the environment are probable to be limited. Although biophysical conditions precede other criteria for excerpt of potential PES project sites, given that there is an estimate number of forest-dependent people of 1 to 2 million people most of whom believed to be poor and living in environmentally sensible areas, it is undeniable that PES can be instrumental to addressing poverty relief objectives. A major challenge that must be addressed however, is the legal framework. Although not explicitly endorsing the concept of creating incentives for service providers, the relevant laws can be, -and needs to be-, relaxed in specific cases, particularly where PES types projects will be launched in protect areas where there are legal restrictions over access. PES can besides supplement the legal provisions to protect biodiversity resources. Like all public goods, over-exploitation of biodiversity resources, is due to the failure to recognize that the economic measure exceeds the grocery store prices of the tradable parts of biodiversity resources. Unless there is recognition of the non-tradable benefits, biodiversity resources will continue to be dump and under valued, hence the electric potential contribution of the concept of PES projects to create recognition, demonstrate its economic values and connect between the need and supply side to capture those values.