“ SPFL ” redirects here. For the political party in Florida, see Socialist Party of Florida
Football league
The Scottish Professional Football League ( SPFL ) is the national men ‘s affiliation football league in Scotland. The league was formed in June 2013 following a amalgamation between the Scottish Premier League and the scots Football League. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] a well as operating its league competition, which consists of the top four levels of the Scottish football league system, the SPFL besides operates two domestic cup competitions, the Scottish League Cup and the scottish Challenge Cup. While the scottish Cup includes all the teams within the SPFL, the rival is run and organised by the Scottish Football Association .
background [edit ]
A scots football league system was first created in 1890, when the Scottish Football League ( SFL ) was formed. traditionally the league had a two divisional structure ( Divisions One and Two ) between which clubs were promoted and relegated at the end of each season. By the mid-1970s, this organization was perceived to be stagnant, and it was decided to split into a three divisional structure : Premier Division ( once Division One ), First Division ( once Division Two ) and a newly added Second Division. This organization came into force out for the 1975–76 season. This setup continued until the 1994–95 temper [ 3 ] when a four divisional structure was introduced, along with a modern Third Division, with all four divisions consisting of ten-spot clubs. On 8 September 1997, the Premier Division clubs decided to split from the scottish Football League and form the scottish Premier League ( SPL ), following the exemplar of the English Premier League. [ 4 ] This decision was fuelled by a desire by the top golf club in Scotland to control more of the tax income generated by the game and to negotiate its contracts with sponsors and broadcasters. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] SFL revenues had been divided proportionately between clubs in all four divisions. The SPL clubs retained all of its commercial revenues, except for an annual payment to the SFL [ 6 ] and a chute payment to any relegate clubs. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] scottish football began to think about changing its structures again in the late 2000s, as scots clubs and national teams were struggling in external rival and revenues were being greatly outgrown by the neighbor English Premier League. A revue, led by former First Minister of Scotland Henry McLeish, was conducted by the Scottish Football Association and its report was published in December 2010. [ 9 ] McLeish recommended that scottish football should have a unmarried league soundbox and that the top flight should be reduced to 10 clubs. [ 10 ] The proposal to change the top flight numbers did not proceed because of opposition from four SPL clubs, with alone two needed to block any variety of that nature. [ 11 ] Talks continued about the proposed league fusion. [ 12 ] A marriage proposal for a merged league soundbox with a 12–12–18 structure was advanced in April 2013. [ 4 ] This plan failed when two SPL clubs ( Ross County and St Mirren ) voted against. [ 13 ] The SPL clubs unanimously agreed a revised amalgamation plan a few weeks late, which would retain the same league structure and redistribute more revenues to second base tier clubs. [ 14 ] The SFL submitted a counter-proposal allowing for more revenues to be given to third and fourth tier clubs, but this was rejected by the SPL, who stuck with the plan agreed by their clubs. [ 15 ] An indicative mood vote of SFL clubs in May suggested that the SPL design would be formally rejected. [ 16 ] Some of the First Division ( moment tier ) clubs threatened to break away from the SFL and form an “ SPL2 ” ( SPL moment division ). [ 16 ] The SPL suggested it would welcome the First Division clubs if they decided to leave the SFL. [ 17 ] A dinner dress vote of SFL clubs was taken on 12 June. 23 clubs voted in favor, one more than was needed for the proposal to succeed. [ 1 ] The amalgamation was formally agreed on 28 June [ 2 ] and football was first played under the new structure in the 2013–14 season .
League and bodied structure [edit ]
On 24 July 2013 the names of the four SPFL divisions were announced – Scottish Premiership, Scottish Championship, Scottish League One and Scottish League Two. [ 18 ] The amalgamation was criticised by Alex Anderson of When Saturday Comes as bringing far uncertainty to Scottish football, holding the belief that the semi-professional clubs in the lower divisions will be put into a future regional structure. [ 19 ] The SPFL is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 42 member clubs. Each club is a stockholder, with each having a right to vote on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a six-man dining table of directors to oversee the day by day operations of the league. The board of directors in turn appoint a Chief Executive. Neil Doncaster became the SPFL ‘s inaugural Chief Executive in July 2013, after beating David Longmuir to the function. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] The board of directors is composed of eight members, who are elected at the ship’s company ‘s annual general meet. [ 22 ]
Clubs [edit ]
Listed downstairs are the 42 member clubs of the SPFL for the 2021–22 season. [ 23 ]
Read more: โบรุสเซีย ดอร์ทมุนด์(Borussia Dortmund)
Champions [edit ]
Promotion/relegation play-off winners [edit ]
The SPFL retained the promotion/relegation play-off format between scottish Football League divisions introduced in 2005, whilst adding a play-off tournament to the Premiership, then later a play-off between League Two and the Highland Football League and Lowland Football League in the 2014–15 season. Clubs in bold are those who were promoted from the lower to the higher tier .
- H Club promoted from the Highland Football League
- L Club promoted from the Lowland Football League
One of the reasons given for the amalgamation was the belief that it would help to attract style sponsorship to Scottish league football ; contracts between the SPL and Clydesdale Bank and the SFL and Irn-Bru expired in 2013. [ 18 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] In October 2013, the SPFL announced a partnership with Irn-Bru, making it the league ‘s official delicate drink. [ 27 ] Neil Doncaster stated that the SPFL would continue to seek sponsorship for the league and the Scottish League Cup. [ 27 ] After two seasons without a chief patron, a biennial agreement was reached with bookmaker Ladbrokes in May 2015. [ 28 ] This was late extended until June 2020. After a year without a style sponsor, the SPFL reached a five-year distribute with exploited car market company Cinch. [ 29 ] The SPFL inherited media rights arrangements with Sky Sports and BT Sport. [ 18 ] It emerged in May 2014 that the SPFL had repaid part of the agreed contract due to the extra costs incurred by the broadcasters in covering Rangers matches at lower division grounds. [ 30 ] In September 2015, the SPFL announced that it had extended its agreements with Sky and BT to the end of the 2019–20 season on “ better terms ”. [ 31 ] In 2018, it was announced that Sky Sports would take over exclusive live rights for the premiership from the 2020–21 season. [ 32 ] On 2 November 2013 the SPFL agreed a £20 million deal with sports media rights tauten MP & Silva to show games internationally, [ 33 ] but this agreement was rescinded in August 2018 when MP & Silva defaulted on its payments. [ 34 ]