type of perfume
Eau de Cologne ( french : [ oxygen vitamin d ( ə ) kɔlɔɲ ] ; german : Kölnisch Wasser [ ˈkœlnɪʃ ˈvasɐ ] ; meaning “ Water from Cologne ” ), or simply cologne, is a aroma originating from Cologne, Germany. [ 1 ] primitively mixed by Johann Maria Farina ( Giovanni Maria Farina ) in 1709, it has since come to be a generic condition for scented formulations in typical concentration of 2–5 % and besides more count upon its type of necessity oils or a blend of extracts, alcohol, and urine. [ 2 ] In a establish of diluted ethyl alcohol ( 70–90 % ), eau de cologne contains a mix of citrus oils including oils of lemon, orange, tangerine, clementine, bergamot, linden, grapefruit, rake orange, bitter orange, and neroli. It can besides contain oils of lavender, rosemary, thyme, oregano, petitgrain ( orange leaf ), jasmine, olive, oleaster, and tobacco. In contemporary american English usage, the term “ cologne ” has become a generic condition for perfumes normally marketed toward men. It besides may signify a less concentrated, more low-cost, version of a popular perfume .

history [edit ]

An eau de cologne by Farina ( 1811 ).

Reading: Eau de Cologne

The original Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina ( 1685–1766 ), an italian perfume godhead from Santa Maria Maggiore Valle Vigezzo. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste : “ I have found a aroma that reminds me of an italian spring dawn, of batch daffodils and orange blossoms after the rain ”. [ 3 ] He named his aroma Eau de Cologne, in honor of his new hometown. [ 4 ] The Original Eau de Cologne 4711, is named after its localization at Glockengasse No. 4711. It was besides developed in the eighteenth hundred by Wilhelm Mülhens and produced in Cologne since at least 1799 and is therefore probably one of the oldest placid produced fragrances in the world. On 12 December 2006, the perfumes and cosmetics company Mäurer & Wirtz took over 4711 from Procter & Gamble and has expanded it to a wholly post since then. The Eau de Cologne composed by Farina was used only as a perfume and delivered to “ about all royal houses in Europe ”. [ 5 ] His ability to produce a constantly homogeneous bouquet consist of dozens of monoessences was seen as a sensation at the time. A single phial of this aqua mirabilis ( Latin for miracle body of water ) cost half the annual wage of a civil servant. [ 4 ] When free barter was established in Cologne by the french in 1797, the achiever of Eau de Cologne prompted countless early businessmen to sell their own fragrances under the identify of Eau de Cologne. Giovanni Maria Farina ‘s recipe has been produced in Cologne since 1709 by Farina opposite the Jülichplatz [ 4 ] and to this day remains a secret. His shop at Obenmarspforten opened in 1709 and is today the worldly concern ‘s oldest aroma factory. In 1806, Jean Marie Joseph Farina, a grand-grand-nephew of Giovanni Maria Farina, opened a perfumery business in Paris that was late sold to Roger & Gallet. That company now owns the rights to Eau de Cologne extra vieille in contrast to the Original Eau de Cologne from Cologne. originally the water of Cologne was believed to have the exponent to ward off bubonic infestation. [ 6 ] By drinking the cologne the citrus vegetable oil aroma would be exuded through the pores, repelling fleas. much as flea shampoo for dogs can be based on citrus oils nowadays. In advanced times, eau de Cologne or “ cologne ”, has become a generic term. The term “ cologne ” can be applied to perfume for men or women, but in american English usage typically refers to perfumes market toward men .
The import of Eau de Cologne into Turkey resulted in the universe of kolonya, a turkish perfume. [ 7 ]

literary references [edit ]

Yevgeny Yevtushenko ‘s Poem, About Drinking, describes the writer coming back from a whale ocean trip and arriving at a small town where the local memory is out of spirits and alternatively they find a encase of Eau de Cologne to drink. [ 8 ]

See besides [edit ]

bibliography [edit ]

  • Fenaroli, Giovanni; Maggesi, L. (1960). “Acqua di Colonia”. Rivista italiana essenze, profumi, piante offizinali, olii vegetali, saponi (in Italian). 42.
  • La Face, Francesco (1960). “Le materie prime per l’acqua di colonia”. Relazione al Congresso di Sta. Maria Maggiore (in Italian).
  • Monk, Paul M. S. (May 2004). Physical Chemistry: Understanding Our Chemical World. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-49181-1.
  • Sabetay, Sébastien (1960). Les Eaux de Cologne Parfumée. Sta. Maria Maggiore Symposium (in French).
  • Wells, Frederick V. (1960). Variations on the Eau de Cologne Theme. Sta. Maria Maggiore Symposium.
  • Wells, Frederick V.; Billot, Marcel (1981). Perfumery Technology. Art, science, industry. Chichester: Horwood Books. pp. 25, 278. ISBN 0-85312-301-2.
  • Wilhelm, Jürgen, ed. (2005). Das große Köln-Lexikon (in German). Cologne: Greven Verlag. ISBN 3-7743-0355-X.

References [edit ]

Citations
Works cited