Wikipedia

amusing bible superhero
This article is about the superhero. For other uses, see Batman ( disambiguation )
Batman [ a ] is a superhero who appears in american amusing books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in the twenty-seventh exit of the amusing record Detective Comics on March 30, 1939. In the DC Universe continuity, Batman is the alias of Bruce Wayne, a affluent american playboy, philanthropist, and industrialist who resides in Gotham City. Batman ‘s lineage narrative features him swearing vengeance against criminals after witnessing the murder of his parents Thomas and Martha, a vendetta tempered with the ideal of department of justice. He trains himself physically and intellectually, crafts a bat-inspired character, and monitors the Gotham streets at night. Kane, Finger, and other creators accompanied Batman with supporting characters, including his buddy Robin ; allies Alfred Pennyworth, James Gordon, and Catwoman ; and foes such as the Penguin, the Riddler, Two-Face, and his archenemy, the Joker.

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Kane conceived Batman in early 1939 to capitalize on the popularity of DC ‘s Superman ; although Kane frequently claimed sole creation credit, Finger substantially developed the concept from a generic superhero into something more bat -like. The character received his own by-product publication, Batman, in 1940. Batman was in the first place introduced as a pitiless vigilante who frequently killed or maim criminals, but evolved into a character with a rigorous moral code and solid feel of judge. Unlike most superheroes, Batman does not possess any superpowers, alternatively relying on his reason, fighting skills, and wealth. The 1960s Batman television receiver series used a camp aesthetic, which continued to be associated with the fictional character for years after the express ended. diverse creators worked to return the character to his dark roots in the 1970s and 1980s, culminating with the 1986 miniseries The Dark Knight Returns by Frank Miller. DC has featured Batman in many comic books, including comics published under its imprints such as Vertigo and Black Label. The longest-running Batman amusing, Detective Comics, is the longest-running amusing book in the United States. Batman is frequently depicted alongside other DC superheroes, such as Superman and Wonder Woman, as a extremity of organizations such as the Justice League and the Outsiders. In accession to Bruce Wayne, other characters have taken on the Batman persona on unlike occasions, such as Jean-Paul Valley / Azrael in the 1993–1994 “ Knightfall “ fib arc ; Dick Grayson, the inaugural Robin, from 2009 to 2011 ; and Jace Fox, son of Wayne ‘s ally Lucius, as of 2021. [ 4 ] DC has besides published comics featuring understudy versions of Batman, including the incarnation seen in The Dark Knight Returns and its successors, the personification from the Flashpoint ( 2011 ) event, and numerous interpretations from Elseworlds stories. One of the most iconic characters in popular culture, Batman has been listed among the greatest comic ledger superheroes and fabricated characters always created. He is one of the most commercially successful superheroes, and his likeness has been licensed and featured in diverse media and trade sold around the world ; this includes plaything lines such as Lego Batman and television games like the Batman: Arkham series. Batman has been adapted in live-action and enliven incarnations, including the 1960s Batman television series played by Adam West and in films by Michael Keaton in Batman ( 1989 ), Batman Returns ( 1992 ), and The Flash ( 2022 ), christian Bale in The Dark Knight Trilogy ( 2005–2012 ), Ben Affleck in the DC Extended Universe ( 2016–present ), and Robert Pattinson in The Batman ( 2022 ). Kevin Conroy, Jason O’Mara, and Will Arnett, among others, have provided the quality ‘s voice .

Publication history

creation

In early 1939, the success of Superman in Action Comics prompted editors at National Comics Publications ( the future DC Comics ) to request more superheroes for its titles. In answer, Bob Kane created “ the Bat-Man ”. [ 6 ] Collaborator Bill Finger recalled that “ Kane had an theme for a character called ‘Batman, ‘ and he ‘d like me to see the drawings. I went over to Kane ‘s, and he had drawn a character who looked very much like Superman with kind of … red tights, I believe, with boots … no gloves, no gauntlets … with a small domino mask, swinging on a r-2. He had two starchy wings that were sticking out, looking like bat wings. And under it was a big polarity … BATMAN ”. [ 7 ] The bat-wing-like cape was suggested by Bob Kane, inspired as a child by Leonardo da Vinci ‘s cartoon of an orthopter flying device. [ 8 ] Finger suggested giving the character a cowl alternatively of a simple domino mask, a cape rather of wings, and gloves ; he besides recommended removing the crimson sections from the original costume. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Finger said he devised the diagnose Bruce Wayne for the character ‘s hidden identity : “ Bruce Wayne ‘s first name came from Robert the Bruce, the scots patriot. Wayne, being a playboy, was a man of gentry. I searched for a list that would suggest colonialism. I tried Adams, Hancock … then I thought of Mad Anthony Wayne. ” [ 13 ] He late said his suggestions were influenced by Lee Falk ‘s democratic The Phantom, a syndicate newspaper comic-strip character with which Kane was besides familiar. [ 14 ] Kane and Finger drew upon contemporary 1930s popular acculturation for inspiration regarding much of the Bat-Man ‘s search, personality, methods, and weaponry. Details find predecessors in pulp fabrication, comedian strips, newspaper headlines, and autobiographical details referring to Kane himself. [ 15 ] As an aristocratic champion with a double identity, Batman had predecessors in the Scarlet Pimpernel ( created by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, 1903 ) and Zorro ( created by Johnston McCulley, 1919 ). Like them, Batman performed his desperate deeds in secret, debar suspicion by playing aloof in public, and marked his bring with a signature symbol. Kane noted the influence of the films The Mark of Zorro ( 1920 ) and The Bat Whispers ( 1930 ) in the creation of the fictional character ‘s iconography. Finger, drawing divine guidance from pulp heroes like Doc Savage, The Shadow, Dick Tracy, and Sherlock Holmes, made the character a overlord spy. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] In his 1989 autobiography, Kane detailed Finger ‘s contributions to Batman ‘s creation :

One day I called Bill and said, ‘I have a fresh character called the Bat-Man and I ‘ve made some crude, elementary sketches I ‘d like you to look at. ‘ He came over and I showed him the drawings. At the time, I merely had a little domino mask, like the one Robin former wore, on Batman ‘s face. Bill said, ‘Why not make him look more like a bat and put a hood on him, and take the eyeballs out and barely put slits for eyes to make him look more cryptic ? ‘ At this point, the Bat-Man wore a red union suit ; the wings, trunks, and masquerade were black. I thought that crimson and black would be a good combination. Bill said that the costume was excessively bright : ‘Color it dark grey to make it look more ill. ‘ The cape looked like two stiff bat wings attached to his arms. As Bill and I talked, we realized that these wings would get cumbersome when Bat-Man was in action and changed them into a cape, scalloped to look like bat wings when he was fighting or swinging down on a rope. besides, he did n’t have any gloves on, and we added them indeed that he would n’t leave fingerprints. [ 14 ]

Golden Age

subsequent creation credit

Kane signed away ownership in the character in exchange for, among other compensation, a mandatary byline on all Batman comics. This byline did not originally say “ Batman created by Bob Kane ” ; his mention was plainly written on the deed page of each history. The name disappeared from the comic script in the mid-1960s, replaced by credits for each report ‘s actual writer and artists. In the deep 1970s, when Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster began receiving a “ created by ” citation on the Superman titles, along with William Moulton Marston being given the byline for creating Wonder Woman, Batman stories began saying “ Created by Bob Kane ” in addition to the early credits. feel did not receive the lapp recognition. While he had received credit for other DC workplace since the 1940s, he began, in the 1960s, to receive limit recognition for his Batman compose ; in the letters page of Batman # 169 ( February 1965 ) for example, editor Julius Schwartz names him as the creator of the Riddler, one of Batman ‘s recurring villains. however, Finger ‘s compress left him entirely with his writing page rate and no byline. Kane wrote, “ Bill was disheartened by the lack of major accomplishments in his career. He felt that he had not used his creative potential to its fullest and that success had passed him by. ” [ 13 ] At the time of Finger ‘s death in 1974, DC had not formally credited Finger as Batman co-creator. Jerry Robinson, who besides worked with Finger and Kane on the strip at this time, has criticized Kane for failing to share the recognition. He recalled Finger resenting his situation, stating in a 2005 interview with The Comics Journal :

Bob made him more insecure, because while he slaved working on Batman, he was n’t sharing in any of the glory or the money that Bob began to make, which is why … [ he was ] going to leave [ Kane ‘s use ]. … [ Kane ] should have credited Bill as co-creator, because I know ; I was there. … That was one thing I would never forgive Bob for, was not to take care of Bill or recognize his vital function in the creation of Batman. As with Siegel and Shuster, it should have been the lapp, the like co-creator credit rating in the plunder, writer, and artist. [ 18 ]

Although Kane initially rebutted Finger ‘s claims at having created the quality, writing in a 1965 capable letter to fans that “ it seemed to me that Bill Finger has given out the stamp that he and not myself created the ”Batman, t ‘ [ sic ] a well as Robin and all the other lead villains and characters. This statement is deceitful and entirely untrue. ” Kane himself besides commented on Finger ‘s lack of credit. “ The trouble oneself with being a ‘ghost ‘ writer or artist is that you must remain quite anonymously without ‘credit ‘. however, if one wants the ‘credit ‘, then one has to cease being a ‘ghost ‘ or follower and become a drawing card or pioneer. ” [ 19 ] In 1989, Kane revisited Finger ‘s position, recalling in an interview :

In those days it was like, one artist and he had his diagnose over it [ the comic strip ] — the policy of DC in the comic books was, if you ca n’t write it, obtain early writers, but their names would never appear on the amusing book in the eat up adaptation. So Bill never asked me for it [ the byline ] and I never volunteered — I guess my ego at that time. And I felt ill, truly, when he [ Finger ] died. [ 20 ]

In September 2015, DC Entertainment revealed that Finger would be receiving credit for his character in Batman ‘s creation on the 2016 superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and the second season of Gotham after a cope was worked out between the Finger family and DC. [ 2 ] Finger received credit as a creator of Batman for the beginning meter in a amusing in October 2015 with Batman and Robin Eternal # 3 and Batman: Arkham Knight Genesis # 3. The update acknowledgment for the character appeared as “ Batman created by Bob Kane with Bill Finger ”. [ 3 ]

early years

The first Batman floor, “ The Case of the Chemical Syndicate ”, was published in Detective Comics # 27 ( May 1939 ). Finger said, “ Batman was originally written in the style of the pulp ”, [ 21 ] and this influence was apparent with Batman showing little compunction over killing or maiming criminals. Batman proved a hit character, and he received his own solo title in 1940 while continuing to star in Detective Comics. By that time, Detective Comics was the top-selling and most influential publisher in the industry ; Batman and the company ‘s other major champion, Superman, were the cornerstones of the company ‘s success. [ 22 ] The two characters were featured side by english as the stars of World’s Finest Comics, which was originally titled World’s Best Comics when it debuted in spill 1940. Creators including Jerry Robinson and Dick Sprang besides worked on the strips during this period. Over the course of the first few Batman strips elements were added to the fictional character and the aesthetic word picture of Batman evolved. Kane noted that within six issues he drew the character ‘s jawline more marked, and lengthened the ears on the costume. “ About a year later he was about the fully name, my ripe Batman ”, Kane said. [ 23 ] Batman ‘s characteristic utility belt was introduced in Detective Comics # 29 ( July 1939 ), followed by the backfire -like batarang and the beginning bat-themed vehicle, the Batplane, in # 31 ( September 1939 ). The character ‘s origin was revealed in # 33 ( November 1939 ), unfolding in a two-page history that establishes the brooding persona of Batman, a fictional character driven by the death of his parents. Written by Finger, it depicts a young Bruce Wayne witnessing his parents ‘ murder at the hands of a mugger. Days late, at their grave, the child vows that “ by the spirits of my parents [ I will ] avenge their deaths by spending the rest of my life sentence warring on all criminals ”. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] The early on, pulp-inflected portrayal of Batman started to soften in Detective Comics # 38 ( April 1940 ) with the presentation of Robin, Batman ‘s junior counterpart. [ 27 ] Robin was introduced, based on Finger ‘s hypnotism, because Batman needed a “ Watson “ with whom Batman could talk. [ 28 ] Sales about doubled, despite Kane ‘s predilection for a solo Batman, and it sparked a proliferation of “ child sidekicks ”. [ 29 ] The first issue of the solo by-product series Batman was luminary not only for introducing two of his most haunting enemies, the Joker and Catwoman, but for a pre-Robin stock story, primitively meant for Detective Comics # 38, in which Batman shoots some grotesque giants to death. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] That report prompted editor Whitney Ellsworth to decree that the fictional character could no longer kill or use a gun. [ 32 ] By 1942, the writers and artists behind the Batman comics had established most of the basic elements of the Batman mythos. [ 33 ] In the years following World War II, DC Comics “ adopted a postwar column steering that increasingly de-emphasize social comment in favor of lighthearted juvenile illusion ”. The shock of this editorial approach was apparent in Batman comics of the postwar period ; removed from the “ black and menace populace ” of the strips of the early 1940s, Batman was rather portrayed as a respectable citizen and parental figure that inhabited a “ undimmed and colorful ” environment. [ 34 ]

Silver and Bronze Ages

1950s and early 1960s

Batman was one of the few superhero characters to be continuously published as interest in the genre waned during the 1950s. In the story “ The Mightiest team in the World ” in Superman # 76 ( June 1952 ), Batman teams up with Superman for the first time and the pair fall upon each early ‘s confidential identity. [ 35 ] Following the success of this history, World’s Finest Comics was revamped so it featured stories starring both heroes together, alternatively of the distinguish Batman and Superman features that had been running ahead. [ 36 ] The team-up of the characters was “ a fiscal success in an earned run average when those were few and far between ” ; [ 37 ] this series of stories ran until the bible ‘s cancellation in 1986. Batman comics were among those criticized when the amusing reserve industry came under examination with the publication of psychologist Fredric Wertham ‘s koran Seduction of the Innocent in 1954. Wertham ‘s thesis was that children imitated crimes committed in comic books, and that these works corrupted the morals of the youth. Wertham criticized Batman comics for their supposed homosexual overtones and argued that Batman and Robin were portrayed as lovers. [ 38 ] Wertham ‘s criticisms raised a public exclaim during the 1950s, finally leading to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority, a code that is no longer in use by the comic book industry. The tendency towards a “ sunnier Batman ” in the postwar years intensified after the introduction of the Comics Code. [ 39 ] Scholars have suggested that the characters of Batwoman ( in 1956 ) and the pre- Barbara Gordon Bat-Girl ( in 1961 ) were introduced in part to refute the allegation that Batman and Robin were gay, and the stories took on a campier, lighter tactile property. [ 40 ] In the deep 1950s, Batman stories gradually became more science fiction-oriented, an undertake at mimicking the success of other DC characters that had dabbled in the music genre. [ 41 ] New characters such as Batwoman, the original Bat-Girl, Ace the Bat-Hound, and Bat-Mite were introduced. Batman ‘s adventures frequently involved leftover transformations or bizarre outer space aliens. In 1960, Batman debuted as a extremity of the Justice League of America in The Brave and the Bold # 28 ( February 1960 ), and went on to appear in several Justice League comedian book series starting later that lapp year .

“ New Look ” Batman and camp

By 1964, sales of Batman titles had fallen drastically. Bob Kane noted that, as a result, DC was “ planning to kill Batman off all in all ”. [ 42 ] In reception to this, editor Julius Schwartz was assigned to the Batman titles. He presided over drastic changes, beginning with 1964 ‘s Detective Comics # 327 ( May 1964 ), which was cover-billed as the “ New Look ”. Schwartz introduced changes designed to make Batman more contemporary, and to return him to more detective-oriented stories. He brought in artist Carmine Infantino to help overhaul the character. The Batmobile was redesigned, and Batman ‘s costume was modified to incorporate a scandalmongering ellipse behind the bat-insignia. The space aliens, time travel, and characters of the 1950s such as Batwoman, Ace the Bat-Hound, and Bat-Mite were retired. Bruce Wayne ‘s butler Alfred was killed off ( though his death was promptly reversed ) while a new female relative for the Wayne family, Aunt Harriet Cooper, came to live with Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson. [ 43 ] The debut of the Batman television series in 1966 had a profound charm on the character. The success of the series increased sales throughout the comic bible diligence, and Batman reached a circulation of close to 900,000 copies. [ 44 ] Elements such as the character of Batgirl and the display ‘s camp nature were introduced into the comics ; the serial besides initiated the return of Alfred. Although both the comics and television receiver read were successful for a time, the camp approach finally wore sparse and the show was canceled in 1968. In the consequence, the Batman comics themselves lost popularity once again. As Julius Schwartz noted, “ When the television receiver show was a success, I was asked to be camp, and of course when the usher faded, so did the comic books. ” [ 45 ] Starting in 1969, writer Dennis O’Neil and artist Neal Adams made a consider effort to distance Batman from the camp portrayal of the 1960s television receiver series and to return the character to his roots as a “ dour avenger of the night ”. [ 46 ] O’Neil said his estimate was “ just to take it back to where it started. I went to the DC library and read some of the early stories. I tried to get a sense of what Kane and Finger were after. ” [ 47 ] O’Neil and Adams first base collaborated on the floor “ The Secret of the Waiting Graves “ in Detective Comics # 395 ( January 1970 ). few stories were true collaborations between O’Neil, Adams, Schwartz, and inker Dick Giordano, and in actuality these men were mix and matched with assorted other creators during the 1970s ; however the influence of their work was “ frightful ”. [ 48 ] Giordano said : “ We went second to a blue, dark Batman, and I think that ‘s why these stories did so well … ” [ 49 ] While the work of O’Neil and Adams was popular with fans, the acclaim did little to improve declining sales ; the same held true with a similarly acclaimed run by writer Steve Englehart and penciler Marshall Rogers in Detective Comics # 471–476 ( August 1977 – April 1978 ), which went on to influence the 1989 movie Batman and be adapted for Batman: The Animated Series, which debuted in 1992. [ 50 ] Regardless, circulation continued to drop through the 1970s and 1980s, hitting an all-time gloomy in 1985. [ 51 ]

modern Age

The Dark Knight Returns

Frank Miller ‘s express series The Dark Knight Returns ( February – June 1986 ) returned the character to his black roots, both in atmosphere and tone. The comic book, which tells the floor of a 55-year-old Batman coming out of retirement in a potential future, reinvigorated interest in the character. The Dark Knight Returns was a fiscal success and has since become one of the medium ‘s most note touchstones. [ 52 ] The series besides sparked a major revival in the character ‘s popularity. [ 53 ] That year Dennis O’Neil took over as editor of the Batman titles and set the template for the depicting of Batman following DC ‘s status quo-altering 12-issue miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths. O’Neil operated under the presumption that he was hired to revamp the character and as a consequence tried to instill a different timbre in the books than had gone ahead. [ 54 ] One result of this new approach was the “ Year One “ storyline in Batman # 404–407 ( February – May 1987 ), in which Frank Miller and artist David Mazzucchelli redefined the character ‘s origins. Writer Alan Moore and artist Brian Bolland continued this dark drift with 1988 ‘s 48-page one-shot topic Batman: The Killing Joke, in which the Joker, attempting to drive Commissioner Gordon harebrained, cripples Gordon ‘s daughter Barbara, and then kidnaps and tortures the commissioner, physically and psychologically. The Batman comics garnered major attention in 1988 when DC Comics created a 900 number for readers to call to vote on whether Jason Todd, the moment Robin, lived or died. Voters decided in prefer of Jason ‘s death by a narrow margin of 28 votes ( see Batman: A Death in the Family ). [ 55 ]

Knightfall

The 1993 “ Knightfall “ floor bow introduced a new villain, Bane, who critically injures Batman after pushing him to the limits of his endurance. Jean-Paul Valley, known as Azrael, is called upon to wear the Batsuit during Bruce Wayne ‘s convalescence. Writers Doug Moench, Chuck Dixon, and Alan Grant worked on the Batman titles during “ Knightfall ”, and would besides contribute to other Batman crossovers throughout the 1990s. 1998 ‘s “ Cataclysm “ storyline served as the precursor to 1999 ‘s “ No Man ‘s Land “, a year-long storyline that ran through all the Batman-related titles dealing with the effects of an earthquake-ravaged Gotham City. At the decision of “ No Man ‘s Land ”, O’Neil stepped down as editor program and was replaced by Bob Schreck. [ 56 ] Another writer who rose to prominence on the Batman comic serial, was Jeph Loeb. Along with longtime collaborator Tim Sale, they wrote two miniseries ( The Long Halloween and Dark Victory ) that pit an early-in-his-career translation of Batman against his entire rogues drift ( including Two-Face, whose beginning was re-envisioned by Loeb ) while dealing with versatile mysteries involving serial killers Holiday and the Hangman. In 2003, Loeb teamed with artist Jim Lee to work on another mystery arch : “ Batman : Hush “ for the main Batman bible. The 12–issue storyline has Batman and Catwoman teaming up against Batman ‘s integral rogues gallery, including an obviously resurrected Jason Todd, while seeking to find the identity of the cryptic supervillain Hush. [ 57 ] While the character of Hush failed to catch on with readers, the discharge was a sales success for DC. The series became # 1 on the Diamond Comic Distributors sales chart for the first time since Batman # 500 ( October 1993 ) and Todd ‘s appearance laid the groundwork for writer Judd Winick ‘s subsequent move as writer on Batman, with another multi-issue arch, “ Under the Hood “, which ran from Batman # 637–650 ( April 2005 – April 2006 ) .

twenty-first century

All Star Batman & Robin the Boy Wonder

In 2005, DC launched All Star Batman & Robin the Boy Wonder, a stand-alone comedian bible miniseries set outside the main DC Universe continuity. Written by Frank Miller and drawn by Jim Lee, the series was a commercial success for DC Comics, [ 58 ] [ 59 ] although it was widely panned by critics for its write and firm depictions of violence. [ 60 ] [ 61 ] Starting in 2006, Grant Morrison and Paul Dini were the regular writers of Batman and Detective Comics, with Morrison reincorporating controversial elements of Batman lore. Most notably of these elements were the skill fiction-themed storylines of the 1950s Batman comics, which Morrison revised as hallucinations Batman suffered under the influence of versatile mind-bending gases and extensive centripetal privation trail. Morrison ‘s run climaxed with “ Batman R.I.P. “, which brought Batman up against the nefarious “ Black Glove ” organization, which sought to drive Batman into lunacy. “ Batman R.I.P. ” segued into Final Crisis ( besides written by Morrison ), which saw the apparent death of Batman at the hands of Darkseid. In the 2009 miniseries Batman: Battle for the Cowl, Wayne ‘s former protégé Dick Grayson becomes the modern Batman, and Wayne ‘s son Damian becomes the new Robin. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] In June 2009, Judd Winick returned to writing Batman, while Grant Morrison was given his own series, titled Batman and Robin. [ 64 ] In 2010, the storyline Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne saw Bruce travel through history, finally returning to the present day. Although he reclaimed the mantel of Batman, he besides allowed Grayson to continue being Batman ampere good. Bruce decided to take his crime-fighting campaign globally, which is the cardinal focus of Batman Incorporated. DC Comics would late announce that Grayson would be the main character in Batman, Detective Comics, and Batman and Robin, while Wayne would be the main character in Batman Incorporated. besides, Bruce appeared in another ongoing series, Batman: The Dark Knight .

The New 52

In September 2011, DC Comics ‘ entire line of superhero comic books, including its Batman franchise, were cancelled and relaunched with fresh # 1 issues as function of The New 52 boot. Bruce Wayne is the only character to be identified as Batman and is featured in Batman, Detective Comics, Batman and Robin, and Batman: The Dark Knight. Dick Grayson returns to the mantle of Nightwing and appears in his own ongoing series. While many characters have their histories importantly altered to attract new readers, Batman ‘s history remains by and large intact. Batman Incorporated was relaunched in 2012–2013 to complete the “ Leviathan ” storyline. With the begin of The New 52, Scott Snyder was the writer of the Batman title. His first major narrative arch was “ Night of the Owls “, where Batman confronts the Court of Owls, a secret club that has controlled Gotham for centuries. The second gear history bow was “ Death of the Family “, where the Joker returns to Gotham and simultaneously attacks each extremity of the Batman family. The one-third report arch was “ Batman : Zero Year “, which redefined Batman ‘s beginning in The New 52. It followed Batman vol. 2 # 0, published in June 2012, which explored the fictional character ‘s early years. The final storyline before the Convergence ( 2015 ) storyline was “ Endgame “, depicting the supposed final struggle between Batman and the Joker when he unleashes the madly Endgame virus onto Gotham City. The storyline ends with Batman and the Joker ‘s presuppose deaths. Starting with Batman vol. 2 # 41, Commissioner James Gordon takes over Bruce ‘s blanket as a newfangled, state-sanctioned, robotic-Batman, debuting in the Free Comic Book Day extra comedian Divergence. however, Bruce Wayne is soon revealed to be animated, albeit nowadays suffering about total amnesia of his life as Batman and alone remembering his life as Bruce Wayne through what he has learned from Alfred. Bruce Wayne finds happiness and proposes to his girlfriend, Julie Madison, but Mr. Bloom heavily injures Jim Gordon and takes control of Gotham City and threatens to destroy the city by energizing a particle reactor to create a “ foreign star ” to swallow the city. Bruce Wayne discovers the truth that he was Batman and after talking to a strange who smiles a bunch ( it is heavily implied that this is the amnesic Joker ) he forces Alfred to implant his memories as Batman, but at the cost of his memories as the born-again Bruce Wayne. He returns and helps Jim Gordon defeat Mr. Bloom and shut down the nuclear reactor. Gordon gets his job back as the commissioner, and the government Batman project is shut down. [ 65 ] In 2015, DC Comics released The Dark Knight III: The Master Race, the sequel to Frank Miller ‘s The Dark Knight Returns and The Dark Knight Strikes Again. [ 66 ]

DC Rebirth

In June 2016, the DC Rebirth event relaunched DC Comics ‘ entire line of comedian book titles. Batman was rebooted as starting with a one-shot issue entitled Batman: Rebirth # 1 ( August 2016 ). The series then began shipping twice-monthly as a third base volume, starting with Batman vol. 3 # 1 ( August 2016 ). The third gear book of Batman was written by Tom King, and artwork was provided by David Finch and Mikel Janín. The Batman series introduced two vigilantes, Gotham and Gotham Girl. Detective Comics resumed its original number system starting with June 2016 ‘s # 934, and the New 52 series was labeled as volume 2, with issues numbering from # 1-52. [ 67 ] similarly with the Batman title, the New 52 issues were labeled as volume 2 and encompassed issues # 1-52. Writer James Tynion IV and artists Eddy Barrows and Alvaro Martinez worked on Detective Comics # 934, and the series initially featured a team consist of Tim Drake, Stephanie Brown, Cassandra Cain, and Clayface, led by Batman and Batwoman. DC Comics ended the DC Rebirth stigmatization in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger DC Universe banner and naming. The continuity established by DC Rebirth continues across DC ‘s comic book titles, including bulk 1 of Detective Comics and book 3 of Batman. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] After the conclusion of Batman vol. 3 # 85 [ 70 ] a new creative team consist of James Tynion IV with art by Tony S. Daniel and Danny Miki replaced Tom King, David Finch and Mikel Janín .

characterization

Bruce Wayne

DC Comics concept art of Bruce Wayne Batman ‘s secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a affluent american industrialist. As a child, Bruce witnessed the murder of his parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne, which ultimately led him to craft the Batman character and search department of justice against criminals. He resides on the outskirts of Gotham City in his personal mansion, Wayne Manor. Wayne averts suspicion by acting the part of a superficial playboy idly living off his family ‘s fortune and the profits of Wayne Enterprises, his inherit pudding stone. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] He supports beneficent causes through his nonprofit organization Wayne Foundation, which in separate addresses social issues encouraging crime adenine well as assisting victims of it, but is more wide known as a celebrity socialite. [ 73 ] In public, he frequently appears in the company of high-status women, which encourages yellow journalism chew the fat while feigning near-drunkenness with consuming large quantities of disguise pep ale since Wayne is actually a rigorous teetotaler to maintain his physical and mental art. [ 74 ] Although Bruce Wayne leads an active romanticist biography, his vigilante activities as Batman account for most of his time. [ 75 ] versatile modern stories have portrayed the extravagant, playboy image of Bruce Wayne as a facade. [ 76 ] This is in contrast to the Post- Crisis Superman, whose Clark Kent persona is the dependable identity, while the Superman character is the facade. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] In Batman Unmasked, a television documentary about the psychology of the character, behavioral scientist Benjamin Karney notes that Batman ‘s personality is driven by Bruce Wayne ‘s built-in world ; that “ Batman, for all its benefits and for all of the clock time Bruce Wayne devotes to it, is ultimately a tool for Bruce Wayne ‘s efforts to make the worldly concern better ”. Bruce Wayne ‘s principles include the hope to prevent future damage and a vow not to kill. Bruce Wayne believes that our actions define us, we fail for a cause and anything is possible. [ 79 ] Writers of Batman and Superman stories have often compared and contrasted the two. Interpretations vary depending on the writer, the report, and the clock. Grant Morrison [ 80 ] notes that both heroes “ believe in the same kind of things ” despite the day/night contrast their heroic verse roles display. He notes an equally austere contrast in their real identities. Bruce Wayne and Clark Kent belong to to different social classes : “ Bruce has a butler, Clark has a boss. ” T. James Musler ‘s book Unleashing the Superhero in Us All explores the extent to which Bruce Wayne ‘s huge personal wealth is authoritative in his life report, and the crucial function it plays in his efforts as Batman. [ 81 ] Will Brooker notes in his book Batman Unmasked that “ the confirmation of the Batman ‘s identity lies with the young hearing … he does n’t have to be Bruce Wayne ; he merely needs the become and gadgets, the abilities, and most importantly the morality, the humanness. There ‘s just a common sense about him : ‘they trust him … and they ‘re never wrong. ” [ 82 ]

personality

Batman ‘s primary fictional character traits can be summarized as “wealth; physical prowess; deductive abilities and obsession”. [ 83 ] The details and tone of Batman amusing books have varied over the years due to different creative teams. Dennis O’Neil noted that quality consistency was not a major concern during early editorial regimes : “ Julie Schwartz did a Batman in Batman and Detective and Murray Boltinoff did a Batman in the Brave and the Bold and apart from the costume they bore identical small resemblance to each other. Julie and Murray did not want to coordinate their efforts, nor were they asked to do so. continuity was not authoritative in those days. ” [ 84 ] The drive force behind Bruce Wayne ‘s character is his parents ‘ mangle and their absence. Bob Kane and Bill Finger discussed Batman ‘s setting and decided that “ there ‘s nothing more traumatic than having your parents murdered before your eyes ”. [ 85 ] Despite his injury, he sets his mind on studying to become a scientist [ 86 ] [ 87 ] and to train his body into physical perfection [ 86 ] [ 87 ] to fight crime in Gotham City as Batman, an inspire idea from Wayne ‘s insight into the criminal mind. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] Another of Batman ‘s characterizations is that of a vigilante ; in order to stop evil that started with the end of his parents, he must sometimes break the police himself. Although manifested differently by being re-told by different artists, it is however that the details and the prime components of Batman ‘s origin have never varied at all in the amusing books, the “ reduplication of the basic lineage events holds in concert otherwise divergent expressions ”. [ 88 ] The origin is the reference of the quality ‘s traits and attributes, which play out in many of the character ‘s adventures. [ 83 ] He besides speaks over 40 different languages. [ 89 ] Batman is often treated as a vigilante by other characters in his stories. Frank Miller views the character as “ a dionysian figure, a military unit for anarchy that imposes an individual order ”. [ 90 ] Dressed as a bat, Batman measuredly cultivates a terrorization character in order to aid him in crime-fighting, [ 91 ] a fear that originates from the criminals ‘ own guilty conscience. [ 92 ] Miller is much credited with reintroducing anti-heroic traits into Batman ‘s portrayal, [ 93 ] such as his sulk personality, willingness to use ferocity and torment, and increasingly alienated behavior. Batman, curtly a year after his debut and the insertion of Robin, was changed in 1940 after DC editor Whitney Ellsworth felt the fictional character would be tainted by his deadly methods and DC established their own ethical code, subsequently he was reinvented as having a rigorous moral code. [ 32 ] [ 94 ] Miller ‘s Batman was closer to the master pre-Robin version, who was will to kill criminals if necessity. [ 95 ]

Others

On several occasions erstwhile Robin Dick Grayson has served as Batman ; most notably in 2009 while Wayne was believed dead, and served as a second Batman even after Wayne returned in 2010. [ 57 ] As part of DC ‘s 2011 continuity relaunch, Grayson returned to being Nightwing following the Flashpoint crossing over event. In an interview with IGN, Morrison detailed that having Dick Grayson as Batman and Damian Wayne as Robin represented a “ inverse ” of the convention active between Batman and Robin, with, “ a more blithe and ad-lib Batman and a scowl, badass Robin ”. Morrison explained his intentions for the raw portrayal of Batman : “ Dick Grayson is kind of this consummate superhero. The guy has been Batman ‘s partner since he was a child, he ‘s led the Teen Titans, and he ‘s trained with everybody in the DC Universe. So he ‘s a very unlike kind of Batman. He ‘s a lot easier ; He ‘s a set looser and more relaxed. ” [ 62 ] Over the years, there have been numerous others to assume the name of Batman, or to officially take over for Bruce during his leaves of absence. Jean-Paul Valley, besides known as Azrael, assumed the cowl after the events of the Knightfall saga. [ 57 ] Jim Gordon donned a mecha-suit after the events of Batman: Endgame, and served as Batman in 2015 and 2016. In 2021, as part of the Fear State crossing over event, Lucius Fox ‘s son Jace Fox succeeds Bruce as Batman in a 2021 storyline, depicted in the series I Am Batman, after Batman was declared absolutely. additionally, members of the group Batman Incorporated, Bruce Wayne ‘s experiment at franchising his brand of vigilantism, have at times stand in as the official Batman in cities around the populace. [ 57 ] versatile others have besides taken up the function of Batman in stories set in alternative universes and possible futures, including, among them, versatile former proteges of Bruce Wayne .

Supporting characters

Batman ‘s interactions with both villains and cohorts have, over time, developed a strong supporting casting of characters. [ 83 ]

Enemies

Batman faces a variety of foes ranging from common criminals to outlandish supervillains. Many of them mirror aspects of the Batman ‘s character and development, frequently having tragic origin stories that lead them to a liveliness of crime. [ 96 ] These foes are normally referred to as Batman ‘s rogues gallery. Batman ‘s “ most implacable foe ” is the Joker, a homicidal maniacal with a clown-like appearance. The Joker is considered by critics to be his perfect adversary, since he is the antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance ; the Joker has a maniacal demeanor with a colorful appearance, while Batman has a serious and resolute demeanor with a dark appearance. As a “ personification of the irrational number ”, the Joker represents “ everything Batman [ opposes ] ”. [ 33 ] other long-time recurring foes that are separate of Batman ‘s rogues gallery include Catwoman ( a kat burglar anti-heroine who is an episodic ally and romantic interest ), the Penguin, Ra ‘s alabama Ghul, Two-Face, the Riddler, the Scarecrow, Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, Harley Quinn, Bane, Clayface, and Killer Croc, among others. many of Batman ‘s adversaries are often psychiatric patients at Arkham Asylum .

Allies

Alfred

Batman ‘s butler, Alfred Pennyworth, first appeared in Batman # 16 ( 1943 ). He serves as Bruce Wayne ‘s firm father human body and is one of the few persons to know his secret identity. Alfred raised Bruce after his parents ‘ death and knows him on a very personal tied. He is sometimes portrayed as a buddy to Batman and the only other house physician of Wayne Manor digression from Bruce. The character “ [ lends ] a homely partake to Batman ‘s environs and [ is ] ever ready to provide a brace and reassure pass ” to the bomber and his buddy. [ 96 ]

“Batman family”

The informal list “ Batman class “ is used for a group of characters closely allied with Batman, generally masked vigilantes who either have been trained by Batman or operate in Gotham City with his silent approval. They include : Barbara Gordon, Commissioner Gordon ‘s daughter, who has fought crime under the vigilante identity of Batgirl and, during a period in which she was confined to a wheelchair due to a gunfire scent inflicted by the Joker, the computer hacker the Oracle ; Helena Bertinelli, the sole surviving member of a throng syndicate turned vigilante, who has worked with Batman on occasion, chiefly as the Huntress and as Batgirl for a brief stint ; Cassandra Cain, the daughter of professional assassins David Cain, and Lady Shiva, who succeeded Bertinelli as Batgirl .

Civilians

Lucius Fox, a technology specialist and Bruce Wayne ‘s commercial enterprise coach who is well mindful of his employer ‘s clandestine vigilante activities ; Dr. Leslie Thompkins, a syndicate friend who like Alfred became a deputy parental figure to Bruce Wayne after the deaths of his parents, and is besides aware of his privy identity ; Vicki Vale, an fact-finding diarist who much reports on Batman ‘s activities for the Gotham Gazette ; Ace the Bat-Hound, Batman ‘s canine spouse who was chiefly active in the 1950s and 1960s ; [ 97 ] and Bat-Mite, an extra-dimensional elf largely active in the 1960s who idolizes Batman. [ 97 ]

GCPD

As Batman ‘s ally in the Gotham City police, Commissioner James “ Jim ” Gordon debuted along with Batman in Detective Comics # 27 and has been a consistent presence ever since. As a crime-fighting everyman, he shares Batman ‘s goals while offering, much as the character of Dr. Watson does in Sherlock Holmes stories, a normal person ‘s perspective on the work of Batman ‘s extraordinary flair .

Justice League

Batman is at times a member of superhero teams such as the Justice League of America and the Outsiders. Batman has often been paired in adventures with his Justice League teammate Superman, notably as the co-stars of World’s Finest Comics and Superman/Batman series. In Pre- Crisis continuity, the two are depicted as close friends ; however, in current continuity, they are however close friends but an anxious relationship, with an emphasis on their disagree views on crime-fighting and justice. In Superman/Batman # 3 ( December 2003 ), Superman observes, “ sometimes, I admit, I think of Bruce as a man in a costume. then, with some appliance from his utility swath, he reminds me that he has an inordinately imaginative mind. And how golden I am to be able to call on him. ” [ 98 ]

Robin

Robin, Batman ‘s vigilante collaborator, has been a widely recognized supporting character for many years. [ 99 ] Bill Finger stated that he wanted to include Robin because “ Batman did n’t have anyone to talk to, and it got a little boring always having him thinking. ” [ 100 ] The first Robin, Dick Grayson, was introduced in 1940. In the 1970s he finally grew up, went off to college and became the hero Nightwing. A second Robin, Jason Todd, appeared in the 1980s. In the stories he was finally badly beaten and then killed in an explosion set by the Joker, but was late revived. He used the Joker ‘s old character, the Red Hood, and became an antihero vigilante with no qualms about using firearms or deadly force. Carrie Kelley, the first female Robin to appear in Batman stories, was the final Robin in the continuity of Frank Miller ‘s graphic novels The Dark Knight Returns and The Dark Knight Strikes Again, fighting alongside an aging Batman in stories set out of the mainstream continuity. The third base Robin in the mainstream comics is Tim Drake, who foremost appeared in 1989. He went on to star in his own comic series, and presently goes by the Red Robin, a version on the traditional Robin persona. In the first decade of the new millennium, Stephanie Brown served as the fourthly in-universe Robin between stints as her self-made vigilante identity the Spoiler, and subsequently as Batgirl. [ 101 ] After Brown ‘s apparent death, Drake resumed the role of Robin for a clock. The function finally passed to Damian Wayne, the 10-year-old son of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, in the recently 2000s. [ 102 ] Damian ‘s tenure as du jour Robin ended when the character was killed off in the pages of Batman Incorporated in 2013. [ 103 ] Batman ‘s adjacent young buddy is Harper Row, a streetwise young womanhood who avoids the name Robin but followed the ornithological composition however ; she debuted the codename and identity of the Bluebird in 2014. Unlike the Robins, the Bluebird is willing and permitted to use a gun, albeit non-lethal ; her weapon of choice is a modified rifle that fires taser rounds. [ 104 ] In 2015, a new series began entitle We Are…Robin, focused on a group of teenagers using the Robin character to fight crime in Gotham City .

Relationships

family tree

Helena Wayne is the biological daughter of Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle of an understudy population established in the early on 1960s ( Multiverse ) where the Golden Age stories took place. Damian Wayne is the biological son of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, [ 62 ] [ 105 ] [ 106 ] and thus the grandson of Ra ‘s alabama Ghul. Terry McGinnis and his brother Matt are the biological sons of Bruce Wayne and Mary McGinnis in the DC animated population, and Terry has taken over the function as Batman when Bruce has become excessively old to do therefore .

romanticist interests

Writers have varied in the approach over the years to the “ playboy ” aspect of Bruce Wayne ‘s persona. Some writers show his playboy reputation as a fabricate illusion to support his mission as Batman, while others have depicted Bruce Wayne as authentically enjoying the benefits of being “ Gotham ‘s most eligible bachelor ”. Bruce Wayne has been portrayed as being romantically linked with many women throughout his versatile incarnations. The most meaning relationships occurred with Selina Kyle, who is besides Catwoman [ 107 ] and Talia al Ghul, as both women gave birth to his biological offsprings, Helena Wayne and Damian Wayne, respectively. Batman ‘s first romanticist interest was Julie Madison in Detective Comics # 31 ( September 1939 ) ; however, their romance was short-lived. Some of Batman ‘s romanticist interests have been women with a respected condition in company, such as Julie Madison, Vicki Vale, and Silver St. Cloud. Batman has besides been romantically involved with allies, such as Kathy Kane ( Batwoman ), Sasha Bordeaux, and Wonder Woman, and with villains, such as Selina Kyle ( Catwoman ), Jezebel Jet, Pamela Isley ( Poison Ivy ), and Talia al Ghul .

Catwoman

While most of Batman ‘s romantic relationships tend to be short in duration, Catwoman has been his most digest woo throughout the years. [ 108 ] The attraction between Batman and Catwoman, whose real number appoint is Selina Kyle, is introduce in closely every interpretation and medium in which the characters appear, including a love report between their two mystery identities adenine early as in the 1966 film Batman. Although Catwoman is typically portrayed as a villain, Batman and Catwoman have worked in concert in achieving common goals and are normally depicted as having a romantic connection. In an early 1980s storyline, Selina Kyle and Bruce Wayne develop a relationship, in which the close panel of the final narrative shows her referring to Batman as “ Bruce ”. however, a change in the column team brought a western fence lizard end to that storyline and, apparently, all that transpired during the fib arc. Out of costume, Bruce and Selina develop a amatory relationship during The Long Halloween. The fib shows Selina saving Bruce from Poison Ivy. however, the relationship ends when Bruce rejects her advances twice ; once as Bruce and once as Batman. In Batman: Dark Victory, he stands her up on two holidays, causing her to leave him for dependable and to leave Gotham City for a while. When the two fitting at an opera many years late, during the events of the 12-issue story arc called “ Hush “, Bruce comments that the two no long have a relationship as Bruce and Selina. however, “ Hush ” sees Batman and Catwoman allied against the entire rogues gallery and rekindling their amatory relationship. In “ ‘Hush ”, Batman reveals his true identity to Catwoman. The Earth-Two Batman, a character from a parallel worldly concern, partners with and marries the reformed Earth-Two Selina Kyle, as shown in Superman Family # 211. They have a daughter named Helena Wayne, who becomes the Huntress. Along with Dick Grayson, the Earth-Two Robin, the Huntress takes the character as Gotham ‘s defender once Bruce Wayne retires to become patrol commissioner, a placement he occupies until he is killed during one final examination venture as Batman. Batman and Catwoman are shown having a sexual meet on the roof of a build in Catwoman vol. 4 # 1 ( 2011 ) ; the lapp topic implies that the two have an ongoing sexual relationship. [ 109 ] Following the 2016 DC Rebirth continuity boot, the two once again have a sexual meet on top of a construction in Batman vol. 3 # 14 ( 2017 ). [ 110 ] Following the 2016 DC Rebirth continuity boot, Batman and Catwoman work together in the third volume of Batman. The two besides have a quixotic relationship, in which they are shown having a intimate meet on a rooftop and sleeping together. [ 110 ] [ 111 ] [ 112 ] Bruce proposes to Selina in Batman vol. 3 # 24 ( 2017 ), [ 113 ] and in issue # 32, Selina asks Bruce to propose to her again. When he does sol, she says, “ Yes. ” [ 112 ] Batman vol. 3 annual # 2 ( January 2018 ) centers on a quixotic storyline between Batman and Catwoman. Towards the conclusion, the report is flash-forwarded to the future, in which Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle are a marital couple in their gold years. Bruce receives a end aesculapian diagnosis, and Selina cares for him until his end. [ 112 ]

Abilities

Skills and train

Batman has no implicit in superhuman powers ; he relies on “ his own scientific cognition, detective skills, and athletic art ”. [ 27 ] Batman ‘s inexhaustible wealth gives him access to advanced technologies, and as a adept scientist, he is able to use and modify these technologies to his advantage. In the stories, Batman is regarded as one of the world ‘s greatest detectives, if not the populace ‘s greatest crime problem solver. [ 114 ] Batman has been repeatedly described as having a genius-level mind, being one of the greatest martial artists in the DC Universe, and having peak homo physical conditioning. [ 115 ] As a polymath, his cognition and expertness in countless disciplines is about alone by any other character in the DC Universe. [ 116 ] He has traveled the world acquiring the skills needed to aid him in his endeavors as Batman. In the Superman: Doomed history discharge, Superman considers Batman to be one of the most bright minds on the planet. [ 117 ] Batman has trained extensively in diverse different active styles, making him one of the best hand-to-hand fighters in the DC Universe. He has fully utilized his photographic memory to master a entire of 127 different forms of martial arts including, but not limited to, Aikido, packing, brazilian jiu-jitsu, Capoeira, Eskrima, fencing material, Gatka, Hapkido, Jeet Kune Do, Judo, Kalaripayattu, Karate, Kenjutsu, Kenpo, kickboxing, Kobudo, Krav Maga, Kyudo, Muay Thai, Ninjutsu, Pankration, Sambo, Savate, Silat, Taekwondo, wrestle, numerous different styles of Wushu ( Kung Fu ) ( such as Baguazhang, Chin Na, Hung Ga, Shaolinquan, Tai Chi, Wing Chun ), and Yaw-Yan. [ 118 ] In terms of his physical condition, Batman is in top out, Olympic-athlete-level condition, easily-able to run-across rooftops in a Parkour -esque fashion. Superman describes Batman as “ the most dangerous man on earth ”, able to defeat an stallion team of superpowered extra-terrestrials by himself in order to rescue his captive teammates in Grant Morrison ‘s first storyline in JLA.

technology

Batman utilizes a huge arsenal of specify, high-tech vehicles and gadgets in his war against crime, the designs of which normally share a squash racket theme. Batman historian Les Daniels credits Gardner Fox with creating the concept of Batman ‘s arsenal with the introduction of the utility belt in Detective Comics # 29 ( July 1939 ) and the first bat-themed weapons the batarang and the “ Batgyro ” in Detective Comics # 31 and 32 ( Sept. and October 1939 ). [ 23 ]

Personal armor

Batman ‘s body armored costume incorporates the imagination of a bat in order to frighten criminals. [ 119 ] The details of the Batman costume deepen repeatedly through diverse decades, stories, media and artists ‘ interpretations, but the most classifiable elements remain coherent : a scallop-hem cape ; a cowl covering most of the confront ; a couple of bat-like ears ; a stylize bat emblem on the chest of drawers ; and the ever-present utility knock. Finger and Kane in the first place conceptualized Batman as having a total darkness cape and cowl and gray suit, but conventions in coloring called for black to be highlighted with gloomy. [ 119 ] Hence, the costume ‘s colors have appeared in the comics as benighted blue and grey ; [ 119 ] ampere well as black and grey. In the Tim Burton ‘s Batman and Batman Returns films, Batman has been depicted as wholly black with a bat in the middle surrounded by a yellow setting. Christopher Nolan ‘s The Dark Knight Trilogy depicted Batman wearing high-tech gearing painted wholly black with a blacken bat in the middle. Ben Affleck ‘s Batman in the DC Extended Universe films wears a suit grey in tinge with a black cowl, cape, and bat symbol. Batman ‘s batsuit aids in his combat against enemies, having the properties of both Kevlar and Nomex. It protects him from gunfire and other significant impacts. His gloves typically feature three scallops that protrude from long, gauntlet-like cuffs, although in his earliest appearances he wore short, plain gloves without the scallops. [ 120 ] The overall look of the character, peculiarly the duration of the cowl ‘s ears and of the cape, varies greatly depending on the artist. Dennis O’Neil said, “ We now say that Batman has two hundred suits hanging in the Batcave so they do n’t have to look the like … Everybody loves to draw Batman, and everybody wants to put their own spin on it. ” [ 121 ]

Batmobile

Batman ‘s primary vehicle is the Batmobile, which is normally depicted as an imposing black car, much with tailfins that suggest a bat ‘s wings. Batman besides has an aircraft called the Batplane ( later called the “ Batwing ” ), along with diverse other means of transportation system. In proper practice, the “ bat ” prefix ( as in Batmobile or batarang ) is rarely used by Batman himself when referring to his equipment, peculiarly after some portrayals ( primarily the 1960s Batman live-action television show and the Super Friends animated series ) stretched the practice to campy proportions. For model, the 1960s television show depicted a Batboat, Bat-Sub, and Batcycle, among other bat-themed vehicles. The 1960s television series Batman has an arsenal that includes such “ bat- ” names as the Bat-computer, Bat-scanner, bat-radar, bat-cuffs, bat-pontoons, bat-drinking water dispenser, bat-camera with polarize bat-filter, bat- shark repellent bat-spray, and Bat-rope. The storyline “ A Death in the Family ” suggests that given Batman ‘s grim nature, he is improbable to have adopted the “ bat ” prefix on his own. In The Dark Knight Returns, Batman tells Carrie Kelley that the original Robin came up with the identify “ Batmobile ” when he was young, since that is what a kid would call Batman ‘s fomite. The Batmobile was redesigned in 2011 when DC Comics relaunched its entire line of comic books, with the Batmobile being given heavier armor and modern aesthetics .

Utility belt

Batman keeps most of his battlefield equipment in his utility knock. Over the years it has shown to contain an categorization of crime-fighting tools, weapons, and fact-finding and technological instruments. different versions of the belt have these items stored in compartments, often as pouches or hard cylinders attached evenly around it. Batman is often depicted as carrying a projectile which shoots a retractable grapple hook attached to a cable. This allows him to attach to distant objects, be propelled into the publicize, and thus swing from the rooftops of Gotham City. An exception to the range of Batman ‘s equipment are hand guns, which he refuses to use on principle, since a gun was used in his parents ‘ mangle. In modern stories in terms of his vehicles, Batman compromises on that principle to install weapon systems on them for the aim of non-lethally disabling other vehicles, forcing entrance into locations and attacking dangerous targets besides large to defeat by other means .

Bat-Signal

When Batman is needed, the Gotham City police activate a searchlight with a bat-shaped insignia over the lens called the Bat-Signal, which shines into the night flip, creating a bat-symbol on a pass cloud which can be seen from any point in Gotham. The origin of the sign varies, depending on the continuity and medium. In diverse incarnations, most notably the 1960s Batman television receiver series, Commissioner Gordon besides has a dedicated earphone argumentation, dubbed the Bat-Phone, connected to a bright red call ( in the television series ) which sits on a wooden base and has a transparent top. The line connects immediately to Batman ‘s residence, Wayne Manor, specifically both to a similar call sitting on the desk in Bruce Wayne ‘s study and the extension earphone in the Batcave .

Batcave

The Batcave is Batman ‘s secret headquarters, consisting of a serial of caves beneath his sign of the zodiac, Wayne Manor. As his command plaza, the Batcave serves multiple purposes ; supercomputer, surveillance, excess power-generators, forensics lab, aesculapian hospital, secret sketch, training dojo, fabrication workshop, arsenal, airdock and garage. It houses the vehicles and equipment Batman uses in his crusade to fight crime. It is besides a trophy room and storage adeptness for Batman ‘s singular memorabilia collected over the years from respective cases he has worked on. In both the amusing book Batman: Shadow of the Bat # 45 and the 2005 film Batman Begins, the cave is said to have been depart of the Underground Railroad .

fabricated fictional character biography

Batman ‘s history has undergo many retroactive continuity revisions, both minor and major. Elements of the quality ‘s history have varied greatly. Scholars William Uricchio and Roberta E. Pearson noted in the early 1990s, “ Unlike some fictional characters, the Batman has no primary urtext hardened in a specific time period, but has rather existed in a overplus of evenly valid texts constantly appearing over more than five decades. ” [ 122 ]

twentieth hundred

origin

Detective Comics #33 (November 1939), art by Bob KaneThomas and Martha Wayne are shot by Joe Chill in#33 (November 1939), art by Bob Kane The central situate event in the Batman stories is the character ‘s beginning fib. [ 83 ] As a young male child, Bruce Wayne was horrified and traumatized when he watched his parents, the doctor Dr. Thomas Wayne and his wife Martha, murdered with a gun by a mugger named Joe Chill. Batman refuses to utilize any sort of gun on the rationale that a artillery was used to murder his parents. This event drove him to train his torso to its acme condition and contend crime in Gotham City as Batman. Pearson and Uricchio besides noted beyond the origin floor and such events as the introduction of Robin, “ Until recently, the fasten and accruing and hence, canonized, events have been few in numeral ”, [ 83 ] a situation altered by an increased effort by belated Batman editors such as Dennis O’Neil to ensure consistency and continuity between stories. [ 123 ]

Golden Age

In Batman ‘s first appearance in Detective Comics # 27, he is already operating as a crime-fighter. [ 124 ] Batman ‘s origin is foremost presented in Detective Comics # 33 ( November 1939 ) and is subsequently expanded upon in Batman # 47. As these comics state, Bruce Wayne is born to Dr. Thomas Wayne and his wife Martha, two very affluent and charitable Gotham City socialites. Bruce is brought up in Wayne Manor, and leads a felicitous and privileged universe until the old age of 8, when his parents are killed by a nickel-and-dime criminal named Joe Chill while on their way base from a movie dramaturgy. That night, Bruce Wayne swears an oath to spend his life fighting crime. He engages in intense cerebral and physical train ; however, he realizes that these skills alone would not be adequate. “ Criminals are a superstitious cowardly batch ”, Wayne remarks, “ so my disguise must be able to strike terror into their hearts. I must be a creature of the night, black, atrocious … ” As if responding to his desires, a bat on the spur of the moment flies through the windowpane, inspiring Bruce to craft the Batman character. [ 125 ] In early strips, Batman ‘s career as a vigilante earns him the anger of the police. During this period, Bruce Wayne has a fiancé named Julie Madison. [ 126 ] In Detective Comics # 38, Wayne takes in an orphan circus acrobat, Dick Grayson, who becomes his vigilante collaborator, Robin. Batman besides becomes a establish member of the Justice Society of America, [ 127 ] although he, like Superman, is an honorary penis, [ 128 ] and frankincense only participates occasionally. Batman ‘s relationship with the police thaw promptly, and he is made an honorary penis of Gotham City ‘s police department. [ 129 ] During this time, Alfred Pennyworth arrives at Wayne Manor, and after deducing the Dynamic Duo ‘s mysterious identities, joins their service as their butler. [ 130 ]

Silver Age

The Silver Age of Comic Books in DC Comics is sometimes held to have begun in 1956 when the publisher introduced Barry Allen as a newly, update version of the Flash. Batman is not significantly changed by the late 1950s for the continuity which would be later referred to as Earth-One. The lighter tone Batman had taken in the period between the Golden and Silver Ages led to the stories of the belated 1950s and early 1960s that much feature many science-fiction elements, and Batman is not importantly updated in the manner of other characters until Detective Comics # 327 ( May 1964 ), in which Batman reverts to his detective roots, with most science-fiction elements jettisoned from the series. After the introduction of DC Comics ‘ Multiverse in the 1960s, DC established that stories from the Golden Age star the Earth-Two Batman, a character from a twin populace. This version of Batman partners with and marries the reformed Earth-Two Catwoman ( Selina Kyle ). The two have a daughter, Helena Wayne, who becomes the Huntress. She assumes the position as Gotham ‘s defender along with Dick Grayson, the Earth-Two Robin, once Bruce Wayne retires to become patrol commissioner. Wayne holds the military position of patrol commissioner until he is killed during one final gamble as Batman. Batman titles, however, frequently ignored that a distinction had been made between the pre-revamp and post-revamp Batmen ( since unlike the Flash or Green Lantern, Batman comics had been published without break through the 1950s ) and would occasionally make reference to stories from the Golden Age. [ 131 ] Nevertheless, details of Batman ‘s history were altered or expanded upon through the decades. Additions include meetings with a future Superman during his young, his upbringing by his uncle Philip Wayne ( introduced in Batman # 208 ( February 1969 ) ) after his parents ‘ death, and appearances of his father and himself as archetypal versions of Batman and Robin, respectively. [ 132 ] [ 133 ] In 1980, then-editor Paul Levitz commissioned the Untold Legend of the Batman miniseries to thoroughly chronicle Batman ‘s origin and history. Batman meets and regularly works with other heroes during the Silver Age, most notably Superman, whom he began regularly working aboard in a series of team-ups in World’s Finest Comics, starting in 1954 and continuing through the series ‘ cancellation in 1986. Batman and Superman are normally depicted as close friends. As a initiation extremity of the Justice League of America, Batman appears in its first floor, in 1960 ‘s The Brave and the Bold # 28. In the 1970s and 1980s, The Brave and the Bold became a Batman title, in which Batman teams up with a different DC Universe superhero each calendar month .

Bronze Age

In 1969, Dick Grayson attends college as part of DC Comics ‘ effort to revise the Batman comics. additionally, Batman besides moves from his sign of the zodiac, Wayne Manor into a penthouse apartment atop the Wayne Foundation build in downtown Gotham City, in decree to be closer to Gotham City ‘s crime. In 1974 ‘s “ Night of the Stalker ” storyline, a diploma on the wall reveals Bruce Wayne as a calibrate of Yale Law School. [ 134 ] Batman spends the 1970s and early 1980s chiefly working solo, with casual team-ups with Robin and/or Batgirl. Batman ‘s adventures besides become slightly darker and more gloomy during this time period, depicting increasingly violent crimes, including the first appearance ( since the early Golden Age ) of the Joker as a homicidal sociopath, and the arrival of Ra ‘s aluminum Ghul, a centuries-old terrorist who knows Batman ‘s clandestine identity. In the 1980s, Dick Grayson becomes Nightwing. [ 135 ] In the concluding consequence of The Brave and the Bold in 1983, Batman quits the Justice League and forms a new group called the Outsiders. He serves as the team ‘s leader until Batman and the Outsiders # 32 ( 1986 ) and the comedian subsequently changed its championship .

modern Age

After the 12-issue miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths, DC Comics retconned the histories of some major characters in an try at updating them for contemporaneous audiences. Frank Miller retold Batman ‘s lineage in the storyline “ Year One “ from Batman # 404–407, which emphasizes a farinaceous tone in the character. [ 136 ] Though the Earth-Two Batman is erased from history, many stories of Batman ‘s Silver Age/Earth-One career ( along with an sum of Golden Age ones ) remain canonic in the Post- Crisis universe, with his origins remaining the same in essence, despite revision. For case, Gotham ‘s patrol are largely crooked, setting up promote need for Batman ‘s universe. The defender Phillip Wayne is removed, leaving young Bruce to be raised by Alfred Pennyworth. additionally, Batman is no longer a establish penis of the Justice League of America, although he becomes drawing card for a short prison term of a new personification of the team launched in 1987. To help fill in the revise backstory for Batman following Crisis, DC launched a new Batman style called Legends of the Dark Knight in 1989 and has published assorted miniseries and one-shot stories since then that largely take target during the “ year One ” period. subsequently, Batman begins exhibiting an excessive, foolhardy overture to his crimefighting, a result of the pain of losing Jason Todd. Batman works solo until the ten ‘s close, when Tim Drake becomes the newly Robin. [ 137 ] many of the major Batman storylines since the 1990s have been intertitle crossovers that run for a numeral of issues. In 1993, DC published “ Knightfall “. During the storyline ‘s first phase, the newfangled villain Bane paralyzes Batman, leading Wayne to ask Azrael to take on the role. After the end of “ Knightfall ”, the storylines split in two directions, following both the Azrael-Batman ‘s adventures, and Bruce Wayne ‘s quest to become Batman once more. The story bow realign in “ KnightsEnd ”, as Azrael becomes increasingly fierce and is defeated by a heal Bruce Wayne. Wayne hands the Batman mantel to Dick Grayson ( then Nightwing ) for an interim period, while Wayne trains for a return to the function. [ 138 ] The 1994 company-wide crossing storyline Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! changes aspects of DC continuity again, including those of Batman. Noteworthy among these changes is that the general populace and the criminal element now considers Batman an urban legend quite than a know force. Batman once again becomes a penis of the Justice League during Grant Morrison ‘s 1996 relaunch of the series, titled JLA. During this prison term, Gotham City faces calamity in the ten ‘s close crossing arch. In 1998 ‘s “ Cataclysm “ storyline, Gotham City is devastated by an earthquake and ultimately cut off from the United States. Deprived of many of his technological resources, Batman fights to reclaim the city from legions of gangs during 1999 ‘s “ No Man ‘s Land “. meanwhile, Batman ‘s relationship with the Gotham City Police Department changed for the bad with the events of “ Batman : Officer Down ” and “ Batman : War Games/War Crimes ” ; Batman ‘s long-time law enforcement allies Commissioner Gordon and Harvey Bullock are forced out of the police department in “ Officer Down ”, while “ War Games ” and “ War Crimes ” saw Batman become a want fugitive after a eventuality plan of his to neutralize Gotham City ‘s criminal hell is unintentionally triggered, resulting in a massive gang war that ends with the sadistic Black Mask the undisputed ruler of the city ‘s criminal gangs. Lex Luthor arranges for the murder of Batman ‘s on-again, off-again love interest Vesper Lynd ( introduced in the mid-1990s ) during the “ Bruce Wayne : murderer ? ” and “ Bruce Wayne : fleeting “ report discharge. Though Batman is able to clear his list, he loses another ally in the mannequin of his new bodyguard Sasha, who is recruited into the arrangement known as “ Checkmate ” while stuck in prison due to her refusal to turn express ‘s tell against her employer. While he was ineffective to prove that Luthor was behind the mangle of Vesper, Batman does get his retaliation with avail from Talia alabama Ghul in Superman/Batman # 1–6 .

twenty-first century

2000s

DC Comics ‘ 2005 miniseries Identity Crisis reveals that JLA member Zatanna had edited Batman ‘s memories to prevent him from stopping the Justice League from lobotomizing Dr. Light after he raped Sue Dibny. Batman later creates the Brother I satellite surveillance organization to watch over and, if necessary, kill the other heroes after he remembered. The revelation of Batman ‘s creation and his silent duty for the Blue Beetle ‘s death becomes a driving power in the lead-up to the Infinite Crisis miniseries, which again restructures DC continuity. Batman and a team of superheroes destroy Brother EYE and the OMACs, though, at the very end, Batman reaches his apparent break target when Alexander Luthor Jr. badly wounds Nightwing. Picking up a gunman, Batman closely shoots Luthor in holy order to avenge his early buddy, until Wonder Woman convinces him to not pull the trigger. Following Infinite Crisis, Bruce Wayne, Dick Grayson ( having recovered from his wounds ), and Tim Drake retrace the steps Bruce had taken when he primitively left Gotham City, to “ rebuild Batman ”. [ 139 ] In the Face the Face storyline, Batman and Robin return to Gotham City after their year-long absence. part of this absence is captured during week 30 of the 52 serial, which shows Batman fighting his inner demons. [ 140 ] Later on in 52, Batman is shown undergoing an acute meditation ritual in Nanda Parbat. This becomes an crucial depart of the regular Batman championship, which reveals that Batman is reborn as a more effective crime champion while undergoing this ritual, having “ hunted down and ate ” the last traces of fear in his heed. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] At the end of the “ Face the Face ” fib discharge, Bruce officially adopts Tim ( who had lost both of his parents at diverse points in the character ‘s history ) as his son. [ 143 ] The follow-up narrative bow in Batman, Batman and Son, introduces Damian Wayne, who is Batman ‘s son with Talia aluminum Ghul. Although primitively, in Batman: Son of the Demon, Bruce ‘s coupling with Talia was implied to be consensual, this bow retconned it into Talia forcing herself on Bruce. [ 144 ] Batman, along with Superman and Wonder Woman, reforms the Justice League in the modern Justice League of America series, [ 145 ] and is leading the newest incarnation of the Outsiders. [ 146 ] Grant Morrison ‘s 2008 storyline, “ Batman R.I.P. “ sport Batman being physically and mentally broken by the enigmatic villain Doctor Hurt and attracted newsworthiness coverage in gain of its highly promoted conclusion, which would speculated to feature the death of Bruce Wayne. [ 147 ] however, though Batman is shown to possibly perish at the end of the arc, the two-issue bow “ final Rites ”, which leads into the crossing over storyline “ Final Crisis “, shows that Batman survives his helicopter crash into the Gotham City River and returns to the Batcave, only to be summoned to the Hall of Justice by the JLA to help investigate the New God Orion ‘s death. The report ends with Batman retrieving the god-killing bullet used to kill Orion, setting up its function in “ final crisis ”. [ 148 ] In the pages of Final Crisis Batman is reduced to a char skeleton. [ 149 ] In Final Crisis # 7, Wayne is shown witnessing the fall of the first valet, Anthro. [ 150 ] [ 151 ] Wayne ‘s “ death ” sets up the three-issue Battle for the Cowl miniseries in which Wayne ‘s ex-proteges compete for the “ right ” to assume the function of Batman, which concludes with Grayson becoming Batman, [ 152 ] while Tim Drake takes on the identity of the Red Robin. [ 153 ] Dick and Damian continue as Batman and Robin, and in the crossover voter storyline “ Blackest Night “, what appears to be Bruce ‘s cadaver is reanimated as a Black Lantern zombie, [ 154 ] but is late shown that Bruce ‘s cadaver is one of Darkseid ‘s fail Batman clones. Dick and Batman ‘s other friends conclude that Bruce is alive. [ 155 ] [ 156 ]

2010s

Bruce subsequently returned in Morrison ‘s miniseries Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne, which depicted his travels through clock from prehistory to contemporary Gotham. [ 157 ] [ 158 ] [ 159 ] Bruce ‘s return set up Batman Incorporated, an ongoing series which focused on Wayne franchising the Batman identity across the ball, allowing Dick and Damian to continue as Gotham ‘s Dynamic Duo. Bruce publicly announced that Wayne Enterprises will aid Batman on his mission, known as “ Batman, Incorporated ”. however, due to boot continuity that occurred as share of DC Comics ‘ 2011 relaunch of all of its amusing books, The New 52, Dick Grayson was restored as Nightwing with Wayne serving as the lone Batman once again. The relaunch besides interrupted the publication of Batman, Incorporated, which resumed its floor in 2012–2013 with changes to suit the newfangled status quo .

early versions

Citizen Wayne

In Batman: Citizen Wayne, the function of Batman is taken on by Harvey Dent after his whole font has been destroyed by an foe. Bruce Wayne is a newspaper publisher who is highly critical of Batman and his barbarous methods and goes after him when he actually kills the enemy in doubt, both men dying in the final examination struggle .

DC Bombshells

In the open of the DC Bombshells continuity set during World War II, Bruce ‘s parents are saved from Joe Chill ‘s attack thanks to the baseball superheroine known as Batwoman. While Batman does n’t exist in this continuity, Kate Kane does borrow a number of elements from the main version, such as inspiring younger heroines to follow in her steps as Batgirls and losing a child named Jason. In the book ‘s decision that takes rate 15 years into the future, a grown up Bruce Wayne becomes Batman ( not out of calamity but out of divine guidance by the Bombshells ) and is trained by the older Catwoman to herald in the new old age of superheroes. [ 160 ]

The Dark Knight Returns

The Batman from Frank Miller ‘s Batman: The Dark Knight Returns and its spin-offs, Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again and All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder is a tire vigilante in a much dark, edgier setting home to Miller ‘s own new interpretations of diverse DC characters .

The Dark Multiverse

In the 2017 Dark Nights: Metal consequence, it is revealed that a Dark Multiverse exists alongside the main DC Multiverse. Each world in the Dark Multiverse is negative and transient reflection of its existing counterpart, which were intended to be acquired by a third figure in the ‘trinity ‘ of the Monitor and the Anti-Monitor, who would feed these timelines to his ‘dragon ‘, Barbatos. however, this balance came to an end when Barbatos escaped his bonds and allowed the rejected timelines to remain in some form of universe. finally, Barbatos is released onto the DC population when Batman is treated with five unique metals, turning him into a portal to the Dark Multiverse, with this ortal besides allowing Barbatos to summon an united states army of evil alternate Batmen known as the Dark Knights, led by a God-like Batman, who describe themselves as having been created based on Batman ‘s dark imaginations of what he could do if he possessed the powers of his colleagues .

Barbatos is a hooded, God-like being in the Dark Multiverse. Barbatos had previously visited Prime-Earth in the DC Multiverse and founded the Tribe of Judas, which would later become the Court of Owls. Sometime before returning (either willingly or not) to the Dark Multiverse, Barbatos encountered Hawkman/Carter Hall, and was hit by his mace. Barbatos tried to return to the Multiverse but the events of Final Crisis prevented him from doing so. However, after witnessing Bruce Wayne/Batman being sent back in time by Darkseid’s Omega Beams, Barbatos realised the similarities between his and Bruce’s Bat emblems and believed he could use him as a doorway. Barbatos’ followers manipulated events in order for Bruce to be injected with four out of the five metals needed to create the doorway, and after the fifth was injected in the present day, Barbatos was able to transport himself and the Dark Knights to Prime-Earth to conquer it.[161]
The Batman Who Laughs is a version of Batman from Earth -22, a dark reflection of the Earth-22. In that reality, the Earth -22 Joker learned of Batman’s identity as Bruce Wayne and killed most of Batman’s other rogues along with Commissioner Gordon. He then subjected a sizeable population of Gotham’s populace to the chemicals that transformed him, subsequently killing several parents in front of their children with the goal of turning them into essentially a combination of himself and Batman. When Batman grappled with the Joker, it resulted in the latter’s death as Batman is exposed to a purified form of the chemicals that gradually turned him into a new Joker, the process proving irreversible by the time Batman discovered what was happening to him. The Batman who Laughs proceeded to take over Earth-22, killing off most of his allies and turning Damian into a mini-Joker. The Batman Who Laughs seems to be the de facto leader or second-in-command of Barbatos’ Dark Knights and recruited the other members. After arriving on Prime-Earth, the Batman Who Laughs takes control of Gotham and oversees events at the Challenger’s mountain. He distributes joker cards to the Batman’s Rogues, giving them the ability to alter reality and take over sections of the city. Accompanying him are Damian and three other youths whom he also calls his sons, all four being twisted versions of Robin, having intended to destroy all of reality by linking the Over-Monitor to Anti-Monitor’s astral brain. But The Batman Who Laughs is defeated when the Prime Universe Batman is aided by the Joker, who notes the alternate Batman’s failure to perceive this scenario due to still being a version of Batman. While assumed dead, the Batman who Laughs is revealed to be in the custody of Lex Luthor who offers him a place in the Legion of Doom.
The Red Death is a version of Batman from Earth -52, originally an aged man who broke after the deaths of Dick, Jason, Tim, and Damian. Believing he has a chance to prevent the loss of more loved ones, Bruce decides he needs the Flash’s Speed Force to achieve this and equipped himself with the Rogues’ equipment of capture the Flash. He is able to knock Barry out and ties him to the Batmobile which has a machine created from reverse-engineering the Cosmic Treadmill attached to it. Using this machine against Barry’s wishes, Bruce drove straight into the Speed Force while absorbing Barry in the process. Horribly scarred and now suffering from a split-personality created from residual traces of the Earth -52 Barry’s mind, the newly born Red Death tests his new powers but realises he cannot stop his Earth from its destruction until he is recruited by The Batman Who Laughs, who promises him a new Earth to live upon. After entering Prime-Earth, the Red Death arrives in Central City and is confronted by Iris West and Wally West, in which he uses his powers to slow Wally and age them both. The Flash confronts the Red Death and before the latter can attack, Doctor Fate saves Barry. The Red Death proclaims that he will save Central City and make it his new home.[162] After Barry is transported to a ‘sand’-filled cave beneath Central City, the Red Death arrives and reveals several Flashmobiles and chases after Barry.[163] During the events of the Wild Hunt, the Red Death ceased when exposed by an energy wave from the release of a newly born universe with the restored -52 Barry eventually destroyed from the energy consuming him.
The Murder Machine is a version of Batman from Earth -44, a dark reflection of the Earth-44. Distraught from having lost Alfred, Batman requested Cyborg to help him finish the Alfred Protocol, an A.I. version of Alfred. But the Alfred Protocol malfunctioned upon activation and began to multiply and kill all of Batman’s Rogues Gallery. Bruce pleaded with Cyborg to help find a way to fix it but the latter refused. The Alfred Protocol began to merge with Bruce and the two became the Murder Machine, and his first act as this new entity was to kill Cyborg. After being recruited by the Batman Who Laughs, the Murder Machine arrives on Prime-Earth with the other Dark Knights. He proceeds to the Justice League’s Watchtower and confronts Cyborg. After Cyborg is incapacitated by the other Dark Knights, the Murder Machine infects and converts the Watchtower as the Dark Knights’ new base of operations.[164]
The Dawnbreaker is a version of Batman from Earth -32, a dark reflection of the Earth-32 where Batman became a Green Lantern. When Earth -32 Bruce lost his parents to Joe Chill, he is chosen by a Green Power Ring to become a Green Lantern. But Bruce’s will overrides the ring’s ban on lethal force and corrupts it, enabling him to use it to kill Chill and various criminals. After Bruce killed Gordon when eventually confronted, he wipes out the Green Lantern Corp and the Guardians of the Universe when they confront him. Bruce then entered his giant Green Lantern Power Battery and exits with a new outfit and moniker, the Dawnbreaker. However, he finds that his Earth has begun to collapse and he is met by the Batman Who Laughs who, after recruiting the Red Death and the Murder Machine, recruits the Dawnbreaker, promising him a new world to shroud in darkness. After arriving on Earth-0, Dawnbreaker heads to Coast City where he is confronted by Hal Jordan. Dawnbreaker tries to consume Hal Jordan in a ‘blackout’ but the latter is rescued by Doctor Fate. With Green Lantern gone, Dawnbreaker takes control of Coast City.[165] The Dawnbreaker confronts Hal Jordan in a blacked out cave underneath Coast City, claiming that the Green Lantern oath is worthless in his cave.[166]
The Drowned is a version of Batman from Earth -11, a dark reflection of the reversed-gender Earth-11. Originally known as Batwoman, Bryce Wayne was in a relationship with Sylvester Kyle (Earth-11’s male version of Selina Kyle) until he was killed by a metahuman. A revenge-driven Bryce spent 18 months hunting down every rogue metahuman before Aquawoman and the Atlanteans emerged from their self-imposed exile. While Aquawoman claimed her people came in peace, a skeptical Bryce declared war on Atlantis with the Atlanteans flooding Gotham in retaliation when their queen was killed. Bryce survived the disaster by performing auto-surgery on herself by introducing mutated hybrid DNA into her body, giving Bryce the ability to breath underwater, accelerated healing, and water manipulation. She also created an army of Dead Waters to fight for her. Donning a new attire, Bryce called herself The Drowned and successfully conquered Atlantis at the cost of flooding every city. After seeing her signal being lit, the Drowned met the Batman Who Laughs and recruits her as a Dark Knight. After arriving on Earth-0, the Drowned headed to Amnesty Bay, where she was confronted by Aquaman and Mera. The two were unable to combat the Drowned and her army of Dead Waters, with Mera becoming infected and controlled by the Drowned while Aquaman was saved by Doctor Fate. The Drowned proceeded to take control of Amnesty Bay.[167] When Aquaman is transported fathoms below Amnesty Bay, the Drowned attacks him, revealing that the infected Mera has mutated into a gargantuan shark/crab/octopus creature.[168]
The Merciless is a version of Batman from Earth -12, a dark reflection of Earth-12 where Batman is in a relationship with Wonder Woman. Having killed Ares to avenge Wonder Woman when he assumed she died, the Earth -12 Batman acquired Ares’s helmet and assumed that he can channel its power to war with justice and mercy rather than ruthless brutality. But it corrupted him and the ‘Merciless’ Batman ended up killing Wonder Woman (who had actually just been knocked out) while eliminating all his enemies. The Merciless is later depicted as destroying the Valhalla Mountain when Sam Lane, Amanda Waller, Steve Trevor and Mister Bones attempt a counter-attack against the Dark Batmen after the regular heroes have apparently failed.[169] The Merciless confronts Wonder Woman after she is transported under the foundation of A.R.G.U.S Headquarters in Washington D.C., revealing his armory filled with the divine arsenal of the Gods he killed on his Earth. He reveals to her that his Diana taught him to fight and after he destroyed the Gods, the Merciless found Themyscria and fought them for three days. The Merciless also reveals that he ordered the Ferryman at the River Styx to gather every coin from every dead Amazon seeking passage into the afterlife which he melted into a giant golden drachma, which he strikes with a hammer, summoning the undead Amazons.[170]
The Devastator is a version of Batman from Earth -1, a dark reflection of Earth-1. When Superman turned evil and kills friend and foe alike along with Lois, the Earth-1 Batman injected himself with an engineered version of the Doomsday virus to stop the Kryptonian at the cost of his humanity as he transformed into a Doomsday-like monster. Despite his victory, the Devastator still feels remorse for not being able to protect Metropolis from Superman’s wrath. The Batman Who Laughs offers The Devastator a second chance at saving those whom he feels are blindly inspired by Superman. Bruce infects the Earth-0 Lois Lane, Supergirl, and all of Metropolis with the Doomsday virus as he views it as the only way to protect them from Superman’s strength and false prophecies.[171] Along with the Murder Machine, the Devastator was sent to retrieve the Cosmic Tuning Tower, ripping it out of its foundation and throwing it outside the Fortress of Solitude.[172] He is then confronted by the two Green Lanterns of Earth (Simon Baz and Jessica Cruz), The Flash/Wally West, Firestorm, and Lobo and he proceeds to incapacitate all except Lobo who he throws into the Sun. Grabbing the Cosmic Tuning Tower, the Devastator leaps into space and lands on the Challenger’s Mountain, planting the tower on top of it.[173]

Injustice: Gods Among Us

In Injustice: Gods Among Us, Batman was in the first place close friends with Superman ( with Superman even asking him to be godfather to his child with Lois Lane ) but when Superman was tricked by the Joker into killing Lois and destroying Metropolis, their kinship lento went from estranged to antagonistic to enemies. Superman begins a new universe order where he and the Justice League use beast force and fear to coerce people into following the police, but Batman sees the dictatorship in this and opposes Superman ‘s government with his insurgency. He suffers a few losses, notably of Dick Grayson by the hands of his biological son Damian ( albeit by accident ), who sided with Superman. By the end of Year One Superman breaks Batman ‘s back in an try to delay any future defiance. During most of year Two Batman is out of commission, relying on his allies to stop the Regime when the Green Lantern Corps gets involved. In Year Three Batman allies himself with magic-users, notably John Constantine, though this ends with Constantine revealed to have been using Batman to further his own goals. Year Four has Batman look to the greek gods to stop Superman. however, he comes to regret this when the gods decide to overpower humanness themselves, leading him to enlist the New God Highfather to stop them. He evades a trap set up by Superman when the fallen hero tries to make a meet to discuss their problems. By the game ‘s events Batman has suffered many losses by the hands of the Regime and in a last-ditch attempt summons the counterparts of Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, Green Arrow, and Aquaman from the mainstream population, needing them to help him retrieve a shard of kryptonite from his now abandoned Batcave ; the kryptonite was meant to be a end resort for if Superman went rogue, but Batman made it he could only access it if key members of the League agreed. Since most of them allied with Superman who are dead ( green Arrow ) he needed duplicates. When this plan fails, he is loath to bring over the mainstream Superman, convinced that any translation of Superman is corruptible. however, his prime counterpart convinces him to have religion and he does so, with the mainstream Superman defeating his counterpart and ending the Regime ‘s influence .

JLA/Avengers

In JLA/Avengers, Batman appears along with his teammates in the Justice League, when they are made to fight the Avengers in the Grandmaster ‘s cosmic game. While touring the Marvel Universe for the beginning time, Batman witnesses the Punisher killing a gang of drug dealers, and attacks him ( the contend takes place off-panel ). He former forms an confederation with Captain America after engaging in a brief fistfight to test his opponent ‘s skills. due to this alliance, he realizes the stakes of the game and loses it for the JLA. When the two universes are merged by Krona, the heroes are left confused as to what actually occurred in their reality ; the Grandmaster clarifies by showing them the assorted tragedies that befell the heroes in their lifetimes. Batman, for his region, witnesses Jason Todd ‘s death and his injury at the hands of Bane. In the final battle, Krona defeats the JLA with minor difficulty, but is defeated when the Flash and Hawkeye disrupt his control of his power reservoir .

Just Imagine

Just Imagine… is a series of comics created by Stan Lee ( the co-creator of several Marvel Comics characters ), with reimaginings of versatile DC characters. In this continuity, Wayne Williams is framed for a crime he did not commit, and becomes Batman in a combination of Batman and Spider-Man ‘s origin stories .

Kingdom Come

The Kingdom Come limited series depicts a Batman who, ravaged by years of fighting crime, uses an exoskeleton to keep himself together and keeps the peace on the streets of Gotham using unmanned robots. He is late middle-aged and wears an eerie smile. It is no longer a confidential that he is Bruce Wayne and is referred to as the “ Batman ” even when he appears in civilian guise .

Superman: American Alien

In Superman: American Alien, a 2016 comic that shows an alternate fictionalize of Superman ‘s origin, Bruce Wayne is training under Ra ‘s alabama Ghul when he is told about person pose as him at a birthday party throw for him, causing Bruce to become concern in this person. Years by and by, having been Batman for a while, he finds out that the lapp person, revealed to be Clark Kent, is a reporter who spoke to Bruce ‘s raw ward Dick Grayson. Donning his costume, Bruce confronts Clark but is promptly overpowered, and is shocked when none of his equipment harms Clark. Clark finds out Bruce ‘s identity by taking his dissemble and cape, and Bruce escapes. He apparently leaves behind Clark ‘s recording of his conversation with Dick, and Clark does n’t reveal Bruce ‘s double life to the public. Bruce ‘s cape subsequently becomes part of Clark ‘s prototype costume as he first begins his crime fighting career .

cultural impact and bequest

Batman has become a pop culture picture, recognized around the global. The character ‘s presence has extended beyond his comedian book origins ; events such as the free of the 1989 Batman film and its accompanying selling “ brought the Batman to the forefront of public consciousness ”. [ 174 ] In an article commemorating the sixtieth anniversary of the character, The Guardian wrote, “ Batman is a number blurred by the endless reinvention that is modern mass culture. He is at once an icon and a commodity : the perfective cultural artifact for the twenty-first hundred. ” [ 175 ]

In early media

The character of Batman has appeared in versatile media aside from comedian books, such as newspaper syndicated comic strips, books, radio drama, television receiver, a stage usher, and several theatrical feature films. The first adaptation of Batman was as a daily newspaper amusing strip which premiered on October 25, 1943. [ 176 ] That like year the character was adapted in the 15-part serial Batman, with Lewis Wilson becoming the first actor to portray Batman on screen. While Batman never had a radio serial of his own, the character made periodic guest appearances in The Adventures of Superman, starting in 1945 on occasions when Superman voice actor Bud Collyer needed clock off. [ 177 ] A moment movie series, Batman and Robin, followed in 1949, with Robert Lowery taking over the function of Batman. The exposure provided by these adaptations during the 1940s “ helped make [ Batman ] a family name for millions who never bought a comedian script ”. [ 177 ] In the 1964 publication of Donald Barthelme ‘s solicitation of curtly stories Come Back, Dr. Caligari, Barthelme wrote “ The Joker ‘s Greatest wallow ”. Batman is portrayed for purposes of parody as a pretentious French-speaking rich man. [ 178 ]

television

The Batman television series, starring Adam West, premiered in January 1966 on the ABC television network. Inflected with a camp sense of temper, the express became a pop culture phenomenon. In his memoir, Back to the Batcave, West notes his dislike for the term ‘camp ‘ as it was applied to the sixties series, opining that the usher was alternatively a forcemeat or parody, and a deliberate one, at that. The series ran for 120 episodes, ending in 1968. In between the foremost and second season of the Batman television series, the hurl and crew made the theatrical film Batman ( 1966 ). The Who recorded the theme song from the Batman show for their 1966 EP Ready Steady Who, and The Kinks performed the theme song on their 1967 album Live at Kelvin Hall. Despite not having an immediate lengthiness, the series spawned a ( failed ) pilot sequence for a by-product Batgirl television receiver series and, decades late, the Batman ’66 ( 2013-2016 ) amusing ledger series and the animate films Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders ( 2016 ) and Batman vs. Two-Face ( 2017 ), and even the mockumentary Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt ( 2003 ). In the 1996 episode Heroes and Villians of Only Fools and Horses, David Jason spoofed the function of Batman. [ 179 ] The popularity of the Batman television series besides resulted in the beginning animate adaptation of Batman in The Batman/Superman Hour ; [ 180 ] the Batman segments of the series were repackaged as The Adventures of Batman and Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder which produced thirty-three episodes between 1968 and 1977. From 1973 until 1986, Batman had a star function in ABC ‘s Super Friends series, which was animated by Hanna-Barbera. Olan Soule was the voice of Batman in all these shows, but was finally replaced during Super Friends by Adam West, who besides voiced the character in Filmation ‘s 1977 series The New Adventures of Batman .
In 1992, Batman: The Animated Series premiered on the Fox television network, produced by Warner Bros. Animation and featuring Kevin Conroy as the spokesperson of Batman. The series received considerable acclaim for its colored tone, mature write, stylistic design, and thematic complexity compared to former superhero cartoons, [ 181 ] [ 182 ] in addition to multiple Emmy Awards. [ 183 ] [ 184 ] The series ‘ success led to the theatrical film Batman: Mask of the Phantasm ( 1993 ), [ 185 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as diverse by-product television series that included Superman: The Animated Series, The New Batman Adventures, Justice League and Justice League Unlimited ( each of which besides featured Conroy as Batman ‘s voice ). The futuristic series Batman Beyond besides took place in this lapp animize continuity and featured a new, younger Batman voiced by Will Friedle, with the aged Bruce Wayne ( again voiced by Conroy ) as a mentor. In 2004, an unrelated animated series titled The Batman made its debut with Rino Romano voicing Batman. In 2008, this show was replaced by another inspire series, Batman: The Brave and the Bold, featuring Diedrich Bader ‘s voice as Batman. In 2013, a new CGI -animated series titled Beware the Batman made its debut, with Anthony Ruivivar voicing Batman. [ 186 ] In 2014, the live-action television series Gotham premiered on the Fox network, featuring David Mazouz as a 12-year-old Bruce Wayne. In 2018, when the series was renewed for its one-fifth and final examination season it was announced that Batman would make an appearance in the appearance ‘s serial stopping point ‘s flash-forward. Iain Glen portrays Bruce Wayne in the live-action serial Titans, appearing in the show ‘s second season in 2019. [ 187 ] Prior to Glen, Batman was played by stunt doubles Alain Moussi and Maxim Savarias in the first temper. [ 188 ] [ 189 ] To commemorate the 75th anniversary of the character, Warner Bros aired the television unretentive film, Batman: Strange Days, that was besides posted on DC ‘s YouTube duct. In August 2019, it was announced that Kevin Conroy would make his live-action television debut as an older Bruce Wayne in the approaching Arrowverse crossover, Crisis on Infinite Earths. [ 190 ] In the crossover, he portrayed a analogue population iteration of Batman from Earth-99. In Batwoman, the Earth-Prime version of Bruce Wayne / Batman is portrayed by Warren Christie. [ 191 ] In May 2021, it was announced that a new animated series titled Batman: Caped Crusader was in development by Bruce Timm, JJ Abrams, and Matt Reeves. The series is said to be a reimagining of the Caped Crusader that returns to the character ‘s noir roots. [ 192 ]

film

Batman ‘s foremost cinematographic adventures consisted of the 1943 serial film Batman and its 1949 sequel Batman and Robin, which both depicted a government-backed interpretation of Batman and Robin ( censoring at the time would not have allowed for vigilantes to be depicted as unauthorized crimefighters ). The serials ( particularly the first one ) are, though, ill-famed for their emphasizing on anti-Japanese sentiments due to their World War II -period setting. As mentioned earlier, in 1966, twentieth Century Fox produced the first Batman feature of speech film, titled Batman, set in the universe and featuring most of the actors from the television receiver serial. In 1989, Warner Bros. released the live-action have film Batman, directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton as the title character. The film was a huge success ; not only was it the top-grossing film of the year, but at the time was the fifth highest-grossing film in history. [ 193 ] The film besides won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. [ 194 ] The film ‘s achiever spawned three sequels : Batman Returns ( 1992 ), Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and Batman & Robin ( 1997 ), the latter two of which were directed by Joel Schumacher rather of Burton, and replaced Keaton as Batman with Val Kilmer and George Clooney, respectively. The second Schumacher film failed to outgross any of its predecessors and was critically panned, causing Warner Bros. to cancel the planned fifth sequel, Batman Unchained, [ 195 ] and end the initial movie series. The first base two films became the basis for the Tim Burton-inspired comic book series Batman ’89. [ 196 ] In April 2021, it was announced that Keaton would reprise his character as Bruce Wayne / Batman for the 2022 film, The Flash. [ 197 ] In 2005, Batman Begins was released by Warner Bros. as a boot of the film series, directed by Christopher Nolan and starring christian Bale as Batman. Its sequel, The Dark Knight ( 2008 ), set the record for the highest gross opening weekend of all time in the U.S., earning approximately $ 158 million, [ 198 ] and became the fastest film to reach the $ 400 million scratch in the history of american cinema ( eighteenth day of release ). [ 199 ] These record-breaking attendances saw The Dark Knight end its run as the second-highest domestic gross film ( at the time ) with $ 533 million, bested then only by Titanic. [ 200 ] The film besides won two Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actor for the late Heath Ledger. [ 201 ] It was finally followed by The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ), which served as a decision to Nolan ‘s film series .
Since 2008, Batman has besides starred in respective direct-to-video animated films under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies standard. Kevin Conroy has reprised his voice role of Batman for several of these films while others have featured celebrity part actors in the character, including Jeremy Sisto, William Baldwin, Bruce Greenwood, Ben McKenzie, and Peter Weller. [ 202 ] A Lego -themed adaptation of Batman was besides featured as one of the protagonists in the animated film The Lego Movie ( 2014 ), with Will Arnett providing the voice. [ 203 ] Arnett reprised the articulation function for the by-product movie The Lego Batman Movie ( 2017 ) [ 204 ] ( which, among other, depicts Batman ‘s first touch with both Barbara Gordon and Dick Grayson, and their becoming Batgirl and Robin/Nightwing, respectively ), and for the sequel The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part ( 2019 ), which curiously depicts Batman ‘s marriage to an original character. In 2016, Ben Affleck began portraying Batman in the DC Extended Universe with the free of the movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, directed by Zack Snyder, [ 205 ] a younger child version of the character was played by Brandon Spink in the lapp movie. Affleck besides made a cameo appearance as Batman in David Ayer ‘s film Suicide Squad ( 2016 ). [ 206 ] Affleck reprised the character in the 2017 film Justice League, [ 207 ] [ 208 ] besides set in the DC Extended Universe. [ 209 ] [ 210 ] [ 211 ] Dante Pereira-Olson portrays a new Bruce Wayne in the 2019 film Joker. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] In 2019, Robert Pattinson was cast to play Batman in the approaching, The Batman, releasing in 2022. [ 214 ]

Fine art

Starting with the Pop Art period, and on a continuing basis, since the 1960s, the character of Batman has been “ appropriated ” by multiple ocular artists and incorporated into contemporary artwork, [ 215 ] [ 216 ] most notably by Andy Warhol, [ 217 ] [ 218 ] Roy Lichtenstein, [ 219 ] Mel Ramos, [ 220 ] [ 221 ] Dulce Pinzon, [ 222 ] Mr. Brainwash, [ 223 ] Raymond Pettibon, [ 224 ] Peter Saul, [ 225 ] and others. [ 223 ]

Video games

Since 1986, Batman has starred in multiple video recording games, most of which were adaptations of the versatile cinematic or animate incarnations of the fictional character. Among the most successful of these games is the Batman: Arkham serial. The first installment, Batman: Arkham Asylum ( 2009 ), was released by Rocksteady Studios to critical acclaim ; review collector Metacritic reports it as having received 92 % positive reviews. [ 226 ] It was followed by the sequel Batman: Arkham City ( 2011 ), which besides received widespread applaud and holds a Metacritic rank of 94 %. [ 227 ] A prequel game titled Batman: Arkham Origins ( 2013 ) was belated released by WB Games Montréal. [ 228 ] A fourth game titled Batman: Arkham Knight ( 2015 ) has besides been released by Rocksteady. [ 229 ] As with most animated Batman productions, Kevin Conroy has provided the voice of the character for these games, with the exception of Arkham Origins in which the younger Batman is voiced by Roger Craig Smith. In 2016, Telltale Games released Batman: The Telltale Series gamble game, which changed the Wayne family ‘s history as it is depicted in the Batman mythos. [ 230 ] A sequel, titled Batman: The Enemy Within, was released in 2017. [ 231 ]

Role-playing games

Mayfair Games published the DC Heroes role-playing bet on in 1985, then published the 80-page supplement Batman the follow year, written by Mike Stackpole, with cover art by Ed Hannigan. [ 232 ] In 1989, Mayfair Games published an update 96-page softcover Batman Sourcebook, again written by Mike Stackpole, with extra material by J. Santana, Louis Prosperi, Jack Barker and Ray Winninger, with graphic design by Gregory Scott, and cover and home art by DC Comics staff. [ 233 ] Mayfair released a simplified version of DC Heroes called The Batman Role-Playing Game in 1989 to coincide with the Batman film. [ 234 ]

Interpretations

Gay interpretations

Gay interpretations of the character have been region of the academician study of Batman since psychologist Fredric Wertham asserted in Seduction of the Innocent in 1954 that “ Batman stories are psychologically homosexual … The Batman type of report may stimulate children to homosexual fantasies, of the nature of which they may be unconscious. ” [ 235 ] Andy Medhurst wrote in his 1991 essay “ Batman, Deviance, and Camp ” that Batman is interesting to gay audiences because “ he was one of the first fabricated characters to be attacked on the grounds of his make bold homosexuality ”. [ 236 ] Professor of film and cultural studies Will Brooker argues the validity of a fagot read of Batman, and that brave readers would naturally find themselves drawn to the life style depicted within, whether the character of Bruce Wayne himself were explicitly gay or not. He besides identifies a homophobic component to the vigor with which mainstream fandom rejects the hypothesis of a gay read of the character. [ 237 ] In 2005, painter Mark Chamberlain displayed a number of watercolors depicting both Batman and Robin in suggestive and sexually explicit poses, [ 238 ] prompting DC to threaten legal action. [ 239 ] Creators associated with the fictional character have expressed their own opinions. Writer Alan Grant has stated, “ The Batman I wrote for 13 years is n’t homosexual … everybody ‘s Batman all the way back to Bob Kane … none of them wrote him as a cheery character. entirely Joel Schumacher might have had an opposing scene. ” [ 240 ] Frank Miller views the character as sublimating his sexual urges into crimefighting so much so that he ‘s “ boundary line diseased ”, concluding “ He ‘d be much healthier if he were gay. ” [ 241 ] Grant Morrison said that “ Gayness is built into Batman … obviously as a fictional character he ‘s intended to be heterosexual, but the basis of the wholly concept is absolutely gay. ” [ 242 ]

psychological interpretations

Batman has been the subjugate of psychological study for some clock, and there have been a number of interpretations into the character ‘s psyche. In Batman and Psychology: A Dark and Stormy Knight, Dr. Travis Langley argues that the concept of archetypes as described by psychologists Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell is award in the Batman mythos, such that the character represents the “ shadow original ”. This original, according to Langley, represents a person ‘s own dark side ; it is not necessarily an evil one, but quite one that is hidden from the outside and concealed from both the global and oneself. Langley argues that Bruce Wayne confronts his own darkness early in biography ; he chooses to use it to instill fear in wrongdoers, with his bright and dark sides working together to fight evil. Langley uses the jungian position to assert that Batman appeals to our own indigence to face our “ apparition selves ”. [ 243 ] [ 244 ] Langley besides taught a class called Batman, a claim he was adamant about. “ I could have called it something like the Psychology of Nocturnal Vigilantism, but no. I called it Batman, ” Langley says. [ 245 ] respective psychologists have explored Bruce Wayne/Batman ‘s mental health. Robin. S. Rosenberg evaluated his actions and problems to determine if they reach the tied of mental disorders. She examined the possibility of respective mental health issues, including dissociative identity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and respective others. She concluded that Bruce Wayne/Batman may have a disorder or a combination of disorders but due to his fictional nature, a authoritative diagnosis will remain strange. [ 246 ] [ 247 ] [ 248 ] however, Langley himself states in his book that Batman is far excessively functional and well-adjusted, due to his trail, confrontation of his fear early on and early factors, to be mentally ill. More likely, he asserts Batman ‘s mental position is army for the liberation of rwanda more in line with a dedicate Olympic athlete .

Notes

^ originally stylized as The Bat-Man

Publication history

creation

Golden Age

subsequent creation credit

early years

Silver and Bronze Ages

1950s and early 1960s

“ New Look ” Batman and camp

modern Age

The Dark Knight Returns

Knightfall

twenty-first century

All Star Batman & Robin the Boy Wonder

The New 52

DC Rebirth

characterization

Bruce Wayne

personality

Others

Supporting characters

Enemies

Allies

Relationships

family tree

romanticist interests

Abilities

Skills and train

technology

fabricated fictional character biography

twentieth hundred

origin

Golden Age

Silver Age

Bronze Age

modern Age

twenty-first century

2000s

2010s

early versions

Citizen Wayne

DC Bombshells

The Dark Knight Returns

The Dark Multiverse

Injustice: Gods Among Us

JLA/Avengers

Just Imagine

Kingdom Come

Superman: American Alien

cultural impact and bequest

In early media

television

film

Fine art

Video games

Role-playing games

Interpretations

Gay interpretations

psychological interpretations

Notes

References

far recitation