Belgium–Japan relations are the bilateral relations between the nations of Belgium and Japan. Belgium has an embassy in Tokyo and five honorary consulates in Sapporo, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, and Fukuoka. [ 1 ] Japan has an embassy in Brussels. [ 2 ]
First official relations ( 1866-1893 ) [edit ]
On 1 August 1866, Japan and Belgium signed the Japan-Belgium Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation. On the belgian side, it was negotiated and signed by August ‘ metric ton Kint de Roodenbeek, the first belgian diplomat to visit Japan after the area opened up in 1859. On the basis of this bilateral treaty, a belgian frailty consulate was established in Yokohama on 28 March 1867, headed by the Dutch businessman Maurice Lejeune. He was succeeded by Emile Moulron in July 1872, who continued to act as frailty consul in Yokohama till October 1878. ‘T Kint de Roodenbeek left Japan for Belgium at the end of 1867 and became envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary for China and Japan in May 1869. He took up his post in Japan in November 1870, but left again in September 1871. During his mandate he chiefly stayed in Yokohama, though he performed his official duties in Tokyo. From 1869 on, Belgium besides had a consulate in Tokyo, headed by Louis Strauss, a businessman from Antwerp. This consulate closed in 1873. On 25 June 1873, Charles de Groote was appointed Minister Resident for Japan. Groote was director of the accountancy department of the belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He arrived in Yokohama in November 1873. After a few months in Tokyo, he established the belgian legation on the Bluff in the Yokohama Foreign Settlement by mid March 1874. Charles de Groote left for Belgium in March 1878, but returned to Yokohama as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in December 1879. While in Belgium, he negotiated the appointment of Maurice Verhaeghe de Naeyer from Ghent as new belgian consul. Verhaeghe de Naeyer took up his post in Yokohama in October 1878, but was found dead in his residency on the Bluff on 27 October 1879. According to the japanese press, he committed suicide ; a thesis disputed by some of the crusade in his hometown Ghent. Again, de Groote established the belgian legation on the Bluff in Yokohama. In January 1880 Gustave Scribe from Ghent arrived as new belgian consul in Yokohama. He established a consulate on the Bluff, not far from the belgian legation. In May 1883, he became subject of a judicial charge from some japanese businessmen in the alleged Pouleur casing. He left Japan in January 1884, after he was appointed Consul General in Batavia.
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The relationship of Charles de Groote with the japanese authorities turned sour in 1881, due to the alleged Hota case. On the request of the belgian Foreign Ministry, Groote left Japan in September 1881. It took cashbox February 1882 before matters were resolved, resulting in Groote returning to Yokohama in May 1882. His tenure would end on 16 September 1884, when he on the spur of the moment died in his residence on the Bluff. The new belgian emissary extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary for Japan was Georges Neyt, who arrived in Yokohama in February 1885. After first having established himself on the Bund in the Yokohama Foreign Settlement, he finally brought the belgian legation to Bluff no. 118 in Yokohama, where it would stay till November 1893. Neyt left Japan by mid July 1891. For more than two years, he left the legation in the hands of the repository, Paul de Groote, son of erstwhile minister Charles de Groote .
From the Sino-Japanese War to World War II [edit ]
The newly curate resident of the King of the Belgians to Japan, Baron Albert d’Anethan [ francium ], arrived in Yokohama in October 1893. He moved the belgian legation to Tokyo in November of that lapp year. [ 3 ] In 1894, d ’ Anethan was promoted to the rank of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. By 1904, he was dean of the diplomatic corps in Tokyo, till his death in Tokyo on July 25, 1910. His grave accent is located in the Zoshigaya Cemetery in Tokyo. [ 4 ] Albert d ’ Anethan served for 17 years in Japan, with the exception of home leaves from March 1897 public treasury December 1897, from December 1901 cashbox November 1902, from August 1906 till March 1907, and from March 1909 till January 1910. [ 5 ] His mandate in Tokyo coincided with the first gear Sino-Japanese War ( 1894–1895 ) and the Russo-Japanese War ( 1904–1905 ) [ 6 ] Minister resident Georges della Faille de Leverghem [ nl ] succeeded Albert five hundred ’ Anethan in Tokyo. He arrived in Japan in April 1911, [ 7 ] and was promoted to envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in 1914. [ 8 ] He remained in agency in Tokyo till May 1919. [ 7 ] His term of office coincided with the World War I ( 1914–1918 ). In December 1920 Albert de Bassompierre was assigned belgian minister extraordinary and plenipentiary to Tokyo, where he arrived in May 1921. He would stay in Japan till February 1939. [ 9 ] due to the reciprocal elevation of the diplomatic condition between Belgium and Japan, Bassompierre became the beginning belgian diplomat in Japan with the crying of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary ( June 1922 ). [ 10 ] Bassompierre experienced the Great Kanto earthquake on 1 September 1923, and was involved in the belgian relief campaign for Japan. [ 11 ] Bassompierre besides witnessed the rise of japanese militarism during his tenure. As foreign diplomat in Japan, he was confronted with incidents such as the murder of the japanese choice minister Hara Takashi in November 1921, the manchurian Incident in 1931 and the administration of the Manchukuo in 1932, the May 15 Incident in 1932, and the February 26 Incident in 1936. [ 12 ] Albert de Bassompierre was succeeded as belgian ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Japan by Pierre Attilio Forthomme in November 1939. Forthomme ‘s term in office was cut short by the suspension of diplomatic relations between Belgium and Japan in December 1941, as a consequence of Japan entering World War II through its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. [ 13 ]
After World War II [edit ]
After the resignation of Japan on 2 September 1945, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers ( SCAP ) took over japanese sovereignty till April 1952. As a consequence, the belgian diplomatic mission in Japan had to be accredited to the SCAP. [ citation needed ] Baron Guy Daufresne de la Chevalerie became the belgian military spokesperson in Tokyo in October 1946. His mandate would stopping point till April 1952, when the SCAP ceased to exist as a leave of the Treaty of San Francisco. One of the main tasks of Daufresne de la Chevalerie was to restore the commercial relations between Belgium and Japan. His efforts let to the 1949 and 1950 commercial agreements between the two countries. [ 14 ]
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In November 1952 G. de Schoutheete de Tervarent became belgian ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in Japan cashbox April 1956. He was succeeded by Raymond Herremans ( September 1956 – July 1959 ) and E. du Bois in October 1959. [ 15 ] During the tenures of Herremans and du Bois, Japan and Belgium prepared the legal framework for the further growth of their economic relations, leading to the Benelux -Japan Commercial Agreement of 8 October 1960 and an extra protocol of 30 April 1963. [ 16 ] Both ambassadors were besides involved in the homework and structure of a new belgian embassy compound in Tokyo, which opened its doors in 1960. [ 17 ] Albert Hupperts took up the post of belgian ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in Japan in December 1962. He was succeeded by Fredegand Cogels in December 1968, but Hupperts resumed the post in May 1972. During their terms as ambassador, Japan took center degree with the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and the World Expo in Osaka ( 1970 ). [ 18 ] During the 1970s and 1980s, the belgian ambassadors R. Dooreman ( 1974–77 ), Herman Dehennin ( 1978–1981 ), J. Verwilghen ( 1981–85 ) and Marcel Depasse ( 1985–88 ) [ 5 ] witnessed the potent emergence of the japanese economy, despite two oil shocks in the 1970s. [ 19 ] By the clock Baron Patrick Nothomb started has 9-year term of function in 1988, [ 5 ] Japan had established itself as the populace ‘s second gear largest economy. [ 20 ] Japan ‘s economic powerhouse resulted in a growing trade imbalance with Belgium, and a stream of japanese investment into Belgium. This swerve, with some ups and downs, basically remained the lapp during the tenures of the adjacent belgian ambassadors Gustaaf Dierckx ( 1997–2002 ), Jean-Francois Branders ( 2002–2006 ) and Johan Maricou ( bear 2006 ), [ 21 ] even though the bubble economy in Japan was followed by the Lost Decade in the 1990s. [ 22 ] Nothomb ‘s term was marked by the death of two monarchs : Emperor Hirohito of Japan died in 1989, and King Baudouin of Belgium in 1993. The reign of both monarchs were exceptionally retentive, and their succession by Emperor Akihito and King Albert II meant a raw era in the monarchal relations between Belgium and Japan. The culture celebration Europalia Japan brought japanese culture en masse to Belgium in 1989, and was visited by 1.6 million people. [ 23 ] During the tenure of Dierckx the 2002 FIFA World Cup took target jointly in Japan and Korea ( June 2002 ). On 1 December 2001 destine decided that the first couple of the japanese national soccer team was against Belgium. The japanese bid kept its focus on Belgium for 7 months, resulting in an unexpected rid promotion chopine favouring the relations between the two countries. [ 24 ] During Jean-François Branders ’ term Belgium participated to the World Expo 2005 in Aichi from March to September 2005, [ 25 ] and Johan Maricou had to oversee the construction of a new embassy building in Tokyo ( 2007–2009 ). [ 26 ]
See besides [edit ]
far read [edit ]
- Dirk De Ruyver and Trainspot KK, The Belgian Legation in Yokohama 1874-1893, Belgian Embassy in Tokyo, 2009, 34 p.
References [edit ]
Media related to Relations of Belgium and Japan at Wikimedia Commons
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