Manchester United F.C.

Association football cabaret in Manchester, England
This article is about the men ‘s master football team. For for the women ‘s football club, see Manchester United W.F.C. For for the autonomous club established by supporters, see F.C. United of Manchester

Reading: Manchester United F.C.

football golf club
Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed “ the Red Devils ”, the cabaret was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its mention to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its stream stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910. manchester United have won more trophies than any other cabaret in English football, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have besides won three european Cups/UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners ‘ Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998–99, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the continental european soprano. [ 7 ] By winning the UEFA Europa League in 2016–17, they became one of five clubs to have won all three independent UEFA club competitions. The 1958 Munich air out disaster claimed the lives of eight players. In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United became the inaugural English football club to win the european Cup. Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as director, including 13 Premier League titles, 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues, between 1986 and 2013, [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] when he announced his retirement. Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the global, [ 11 ] [ 12 ] and has rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United. Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the universe for 2016–17, with an annual tax income of €676.3 million, [ 13 ] and the global ‘s third most valuable football club in 2019, valued at £3.15 billion ( $ 3.81 billion ). [ 14 ] After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the golf club was taken secret after a leverage by Malcolm Glazer in 2005 at about £800 million, of which over £500 million of borrowed money became the club ‘s debt. [ 15 ] From 2012, some shares of the club were listed on the New York Stock Exchange, although the Glazer family retains overall possession and see of the cabaret .

history

early years ( 1878–1945 )

Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway ( LYR ) terminal at Newton Heath. [ 16 ] The team initially played games against other departments and railway companies, but on 20 November 1880, they competed in their first recorded match ; wearing the colors of the railway company – k and gold – they were defeated 6–0 by Bolton Wanderers ‘ reserve team. [ 17 ] By 1888, the club had become a establish member of The Combination, a regional football league. Following the league ‘s adjournment after lone one season, Newton Heath joined the newly formed Football Alliance, which ran for three seasons before being merged with The Football League. This resulted in the baseball club starting the 1892–93 season in the First Division, by which time it had become autonomous of the railway ship’s company and dropped the “ LYR ” from its name. [ 16 ] After two seasons, the cabaret was relegated to the Second Division. [ 16 ]
The Manchester United team at the get down of the 1905–06 temper, in which they were runner-up in the Second Division In January 1902, with debts of £2,670 – equivalent to £300,000 in 2021 [ nb 1 ] – the cabaret was served with a winding-up holy order. [ 18 ] Captain Harry Stafford found four local businessmen, including John Henry Davies ( who became club president of the united states ), each will to invest £500 in reappearance for a direct interest in running the club and who subsequently changed the name ; [ 19 ] on 24 April 1902, Manchester United was formally born. [ 20 ] [ niobium 2 ] Under Ernest Mangnall, who assumed managerial duties in 1903, the team finished as second Division runner-up in 1906 and secured promotion to the First Division, which they won in 1908 – the club ‘s inaugural league style. The following season began with victory in the inaugural ever Charity Shield [ 21 ] and ended with the club ‘s first FA Cup title. Manchester United won the First Division for the second time in 1911, but at the conclusion of the come season, Mangnall left the club to join Manchester City. [ 22 ] In 1922, three years after the resumption of football following the beginning World War, the club was relegated to the Second Division, where it remained until regaining promotion in 1925. Relegated again in 1931, Manchester United became a yo-yo club, achieving its all-time lowest position of twentieth stead in the Second Division in 1934. Following the death of principal benefactor John Henry Davies in October 1927, the clubhouse ‘s finances deteriorated to the extent that Manchester United would probably have gone bankrupt had it not been for James W. Gibson, who, in December 1931, invested £2,000 and assumed control condition of the club. [ 23 ] In the 1938–39 season, the survive class of football before the second World War, the golf club finished 14th in the First Division. [ 23 ]

Busby years ( 1945–1969 )

The Busby Babes in 1955. Manager Matt Busby is pictured front correct. In October 1945, the impend resumption of football led to the managerial appointment of Matt Busby, who demanded an unprecedented grade of see over team choice, actor transfers and train sessions. [ 24 ] Busby led the team to second-place league finishes in 1947, 1948 and 1949, and to FA Cup victory in 1948. In 1952, the club won the First Division, its first league style for 41 years. [ 25 ] They then won back-to-back league titles in 1956 and 1957 ; the team, who had an average long time of 22, were nicknamed “ the Busby Babes ” by the media, a will to Busby ‘s religion in his young players. [ 26 ] In 1957, Manchester United became the first English team to compete in the european Cup, despite objections from The Football League, who had denied Chelsea the like opportunity the previous season. [ 27 ] En path to the semi-final, which they lost to Real Madrid, the team recorded a 10–0 victory over belgian champions Anderlecht, which remains the baseball club ‘s biggest victory on record. [ 28 ]
A brass at Old Trafford in memory of those who died in the Munich air calamity, including players ‘ names The following season, on the direction dwelling from a european Cup quarter-final victory against Red Star Belgrade, the aircraft carrying the Manchester United players, officials and journalists crashed while attempting to take off after refuelling in Munich, Germany. The Munich air catastrophe of 6 February 1958 claimed 23 lives, including those of eight players – Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman, Duncan Edwards, Mark Jones, David Pegg, Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan – and injured several more. [ 29 ] [ 30 ]
Assistant coach Jimmy Murphy took over as coach while Busby recovered from his injuries and the club ‘s makeshift side reached the FA Cup final, which they lost to Bolton Wanderers. In realization of the team ‘s tragedy, UEFA invited the club to compete in the 1958–59 european Cup aboard eventual League champions Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite approval from The Football Association, The Football League determined that the club should not enter the rival, since it had not qualified. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Busby rebuilt the team through the 1960s by signing players such as Denis Law and Pat Crerand, who combined with the next coevals of youth players – including George Best – to win the FA Cup in 1963. The follow season, they finished moment in the league, then won the championship in 1965 and 1967. In 1968, Manchester United became the first English ( and second gear british ) baseball club to win the european Cup, beating Benfica 4–1 in the final [ 33 ] with a team that contained three european Footballers of the year : Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best. [ 34 ] They then represented Europe in the 1968 Intercontinental Cup against Estudiantes of Argentina, but lost the tie after losing the first leg in Buenos Aires, before a 1–1 draw at Old Trafford three weeks late. Busby resigned as coach in 1969 before being replaced by the reserve team coach, former Manchester United actor Wilf McGuinness. [ 35 ]

1969–1986

[36]Bryan Robson was the captain of Manchester United for 12 years, longer than any other player. Following an eighth-place ending in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season, Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his place as reservation team bus. In June 1971, Frank O’Farrell was appointed as coach, but lasted less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972. [ 37 ] Docherty saved Manchester United from relegation that season, alone to see them relegated in 1974 ; by that fourth dimension the trio of Best, Law, and Charlton had left the clubhouse. [ 33 ] The team won promotion at the first gear attack and reached the FA Cup final in 1976, but were beaten by Southampton. They reached the final again in 1977, beating Liverpool 2–1. Docherty was dismissed curtly afterwards, following the revelation of his affair with the clubhouse physical therapist ‘s wife. [ 35 ] [ 38 ] Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as coach in the summer of 1977. Despite major signings, including Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey, and Ray Wilkins, the team failed to win any trophies ; they finished second in 1979–80 and lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup Final. Sexton was dismissed in 1981, flush though the team won the death seven games under his direction. [ 39 ] He was replaced by Ron Atkinson, who immediately broke the british phonograph record transfer tip to sign Bryan Robson from his erstwhile golf club West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA Cup in 1983 and 1985 and pulse rivals Liverpool to win the 1983 Charity Shield. In 1985–86, after 13 wins and two draws in its first base 15 matches, the club was favored to win the league but finished in one-fourth position. The follow temper, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was dismissed. [ 40 ]

Ferguson years ( 1986–2013 )

Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson ‘s dismissal, [ 41 ] and guided the club to an 11th-place ending in the league. [ 42 ] Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the surveil temper. [ 43 ] reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay ( after a 3–3 disembowel ) saved Ferguson ‘s career. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] The follow season, Manchester United claimed their first base UEFA Cup Winners ‘ Cup deed. That prevail allowed the club to compete in the European Super Cup for the very first clock time, where United beat european Cup holders Red Star Belgrade 1–0 in the final at Old Trafford. A second base back-to-back League Cup concluding appearance in 1992 saw the club win that contest for the inaugural time vitamin a well, following a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest at Wembley Stadium. [ 40 ] In 1993, the club won its first league title since 1967, and a year late, for the first clock time since 1957, it won a second consecutive style – alongside the FA Cup – to complete the first “ double “ in the baseball club ‘s history. [ 40 ] United then became the beginning English baseball club to do the Double doubly when they won both competitions again in 1995–96, [ 46 ] before retaining the league title once more in 1996–97 with a game to spare. [ 47 ]
In the 1998–99 season, Manchester United became the foremost team to win the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League – “ The Treble ” – in the same season. [ 48 ] Losing 1–0 going into injury time in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final, Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory over Bayern Munich, in what is considered one of the greatest comebacks of all time. [ 49 ] The club then became the only british team to ever win the Intercontinental Cup after beating Palmeiras 1–0 in Tokyo. [ 50 ] Ferguson was subsequently knighted for his services to football. [ 51 ]
Manchester United won the league again in the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons, becoming lone the fourth club to win the English title three times in a row. The team finished third base in 2001–02, before regaining the title in 2002–03. [ 53 ] They won the 2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time. [ 54 ] In the 2005–06 season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the smasher phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first gear time in over a ten, [ 55 ] but recovered to secure a second-place league eat up and victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup Final. The clubhouse regained the Premier League in the 2006–07 season, before completing the european double in 2007–08 with a 6–5 punishment shoot-out victory over Chelsea in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow to go with their 17th English league entitle. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in that game, overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton. [ 56 ] In December 2008, the club became the first british team to win the FIFA Club World Cup and followed this with the 2008–09 Football League Cup, and its one-third consecutive Premier League title. [ 57 ] [ 58 ] That summer, forward Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million. [ 59 ] In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, its beginning successful defense of a smasher cup contest. [ 60 ] After finishing as runner-up to Chelsea in the 2009–10 season, United achieved a record 19th league deed in 2010–11, securing the championship with a 1–1 away draw against Blackburn Rovers on 14 May 2011. [ 61 ] This was extended to 20 league titles in 2012–13, securing the backing with a 3–0 home win against Aston Villa on 22 April 2013. [ 62 ]

2013–present

On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he was to retire as director at the end of the football temper, but would remain at the golf club as a conductor and club ambassador. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] He retired as the most decorate coach in football history. [ 65 ] [ 66 ] The baseball club announced the adjacent day that Everton director David Moyes would replace him from 1 July, having signed a six-year contract. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Ryan Giggs took over as interim player-manager 10 months late, on 22 April 2014, when Moyes was sacked after a poor temper in which the club failed to defend their Premier League entitle and failed to qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first clock since 1995–96. [ 70 ] They besides failed to qualify for the Europa League, meaning that it was the first fourth dimension Manchester United had not qualified for a european competition since 1990. [ 71 ] On 19 May 2014, it was confirmed that Louis van Gaal would replace Moyes as Manchester United coach on a three-year share, with Giggs as his adjunct. [ 72 ] Malcolm Glazer, the patriarch of the family that owns the clubhouse, died on 28 May 2014. [ 73 ]
Under Van Gaal, United won a 12th FA Cup, but a disappointing slump in the middle of his second temper led to rumours of the circuit board sounding out electric potential replacements. [ 74 ] Van Gaal was ultimately sacked good two days after the cup final examination victory, with United having finished 5th in the league. [ 75 ] Former FC Porto, Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid director José Mourinho was appointed in his place on 27 May 2016. [ 76 ] Mourinho signed a three-year shrink, and in his first season won the FA Community Shield, EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League. Wayne Rooney scored his 250th goal for United, a blockage time equalizer in a league plot against Stoke City in January, surpassing Sir Bobby Charlton as the cabaret ‘s all-time top scorekeeper. [ 77 ] The take after season, United finished second in the league – their highest league placing since 2013 – but were hush 19 points behind rivals Manchester City. Mourinho besides guided the club to a 19th FA Cup Final, but they lost 1–0 to Chelsea. On 18 December 2018, with United in one-sixth position in the Premier League table, 19 points behind leaders Liverpool and 11 points outside the Champions League places, Mourinho was sacked after 144 games in charge. The following sidereal day, early United striker Ole Gunnar Solskjær was appointed as caretaker coach until the end of the temper. [ 78 ] On 28 March 2019, following a function of 14 wins from his first 19 matches in consign, Solskjær was appointed permanent coach on a three-year deal. [ 79 ] On 18 April 2021, Manchester United announced they were joining 11 other european clubs as founding members of The European Super League, a proposed 20-team rival intended to rival the UEFA Champions League. [ 80 ] The announcement drew an unprecedented recoil from supporters, other clubs, media partners, sponsors, players and the UK Government, forcing the club to withdraw equitable two days late. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] [ 83 ] [ 84 ] [ 85 ] The failure of the visualize led to the resignation of executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward, while vector sum protests against Woodward and the Glazer family led to a cant invasion ahead of a league match against Liverpool on 2 May 2021, which saw a Premier League game get postponed due to supporter protests for the inaugural time in the rival ‘s history. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] On the gear itself, United equalled the biggest succeed in Premier League history with a 9–0 succeed against Southampton on 2 February 2021, [ 88 ] but ended the season with frustration on penalties in the UEFA Europa League Final against Villarreal, going four uncoiled seasons without a trophy and one season away from equalling their worst trophy drought since the club was stopping point relegate. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] On 20 November 2021, Manchester United announced that Solskjær had left his function as director. [ 91 ]

Crest and colours

Manchester United badge in the 1960s The cabaret crown is derived from the Manchester City Council coat of arms, although all that remains of it on the stream crest is the ship in fully sail. [ 92 ] The hellion stems from the club ‘s dub “ The Red Devils ” ; it was included on golf club programmes and scarves in the 1960s, and incorporated into the club crest in 1970, although the crest was not included on the chest of drawers of the shirt until 1971. [ 92 ] Newton Heath ‘s uniform in 1879, four years before the club played its first competitive meet, has been documented as ‘white with blue cord ‘. [ 93 ] A photograph of the Newton Heath team, taken in 1892, is believed to show the players wearing red-and-white quarter jerseys and navy blue knickerbockers. [ 94 ] Between 1894 and 1896, the players wore green and amber jersey [ 94 ] which were replaced in 1896 by white shirts, which were worn with navy amobarbital sodium shorts. [ 94 ]
After the name change in 1902, the cabaret colors were changed to crimson shirts, white shorts, and black socks, which has become the standard Manchester United dwelling kit out. [ 94 ] Very few changes were made to the kit out until 1922 when the club adopted white shirts bearing a deeply red “ V ” around the neck, exchangeable to the shirt wear in the 1909 FA Cup Final. They remained contribution of their home plate kits until 1927. [ 94 ] For a period in 1934, the cerise and white hooped switch shirt became the home color, but the follow season the red shirt was recalled after the golf club ‘s lowest ever league set of 20th in the Second Division and the hoop shirt dropped back to being the change. [ 94 ] The black socks were changed to flannel from 1959 to 1965, where they were replaced with red socks astir until 1971 with white used on occasion, when the club reverted to black. Black shorts and white socks are sometimes wear with the home strip, most frequently in away games, if there is a clash with the opposition ‘s kit. For 2018–19, black shorts and bolshevik socks became the basal option for the home kit. [ 95 ] Since 1997–98, ashen socks have been the prefer choice for european games, which are typically played on weeknights, to aid with musician visibility. [ 96 ] The current home plate kit is a red shirt with the trademark Adidas three stripes in red on the shoulders, white shorts, and black socks. [ 97 ] The Manchester United aside strip has often been a white shirt, total darkness shorts and white socks, but there have been several exceptions. These include an all-black airstrip with gloomy and gold trimmings between 1993 and 1995, the united states navy blue sky shirt with silver horizontal pinstripes worn during the 1999–2000 season, [ 98 ] and the 2011–12 away kit, which had a royal gloomy torso and sleeves with hoops made of small midnight navy blue and blacken stripes, with black shorts and blue socks. [ 99 ] An all-grey away kit out break during the 1995–96 season was dropped after precisely five games ; in its final out against Southampton, Alex Ferguson instructed the team to change into the third gear kit during half-time. The reason for dropping it being that the players claimed to have trouble oneself finding their teammates against the crowd, United failed to win a competitive game in the kit out. [ 100 ] In 2001, to celebrate 100 years as “ Manchester United ”, a reversible white and gold away kit was released, although the actual match day shirts were not reversible. [ 101 ] The club ‘s third base kit is frequently all-blue ; this was most recently the case during the 2014–15 season. [ 102 ] Exceptions include a green-and-gold halve shirt wear between 1992 and 1994, a blue-and-white clean shirt careworn during the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons and once in 1996–97, an all-black kit tire during the Treble-winning 1998–99 season, and a white shirt with black-and-red horizontal pinstripes worn between 2003–04 and 2005–06. [ 103 ] From 2006–07 to 2013–14, the third kit was the previous season ‘s away kit, albeit updated with the modern club patronize in 2006–07 and 2010–11, aside from the 2008–09 temper, when an all-blue kit out was launched to mark the fortieth anniversary of the 1967–68 european Cup success. [ 104 ]

Grounds

United ‘s current ground, Old Trafford, after its expansion in 2006

1878–1893 : north road

Newton Heath initially played on a field on North Road, close to the railway yard ; the original capability was about 12,000, but club officials deemed the facilities inadequate for a club hoping to join The Football League. [ 105 ] Some expansion took place in 1887, and in 1891, Newton Heath used its minimal fiscal reserves to purchase two grandstands, each able to hold 1,000 spectators. [ 106 ] Although attendances were not recorded for many of the earliest matches at North Road, the highest document attendance was approximately 15,000 for a inaugural Division catch against Sunderland on 4 March 1893. [ 107 ] A similar attendance was besides recorded for a friendly peer against Gorton Villa on 5 September 1889. [ 108 ]

1893–1910 : Bank Street

In June 1893, after the club was evicted from North Road by its owners, Manchester Deans and Canons, who felt it was inappropriate for the club to charge an entrance fee to the ground, secretary A. H. Albut procured the practice of the Bank Street land in Clayton. [ 109 ] It initially had no stands, by the begin of the 1893–94 season, two had been built ; one spanning the wide length of the pitch on one side and the other behind the goal at the “ Bradford end ”. At the opposite end, the “ Clayton end ”, the land had been “ built up, thousands frankincense being provided for ”. [ 109 ] Newton Heath ‘s first league meet at Bank Street was played against Burnley on 1 September 1893, when 10,000 people saw Alf Farman score a hat-trick, Newton Heath ‘s only goals in a 3–2 winnings. The remaining stands were completed for the follow league game against Nottingham Forest three weeks late. [ 109 ] In October 1895, before the visit of Manchester City, the golf club purchased a 2,000-capacity stand from the Broughton Rangers rugby league club, and put up another stand on the “ reserve side ” ( as distinct from the “ popular side ” ) ; however, weather restricted the attendance for the Manchester City match to merely 12,000. [ 110 ] When the Bank Street grind was temporarily closed by bailiffs in 1902, baseball club captain Harry Stafford raised enough money to pay for the club ‘s following away game at Bristol City and found a impermanent ground at Harpurhey for the following reserves crippled against Padiham. [ 111 ] Following fiscal investment, new baseball club president John Henry Davies paid £500 for the erection of a newly 1,000-seat resist at Bank Street. [ 112 ] Within four years, the stadium had cover on all four sides, a well as the ability to hold approximately 50,000 spectators, some of whom could watch from the viewing drift atop the Main Stand. [ 112 ]

1910–present : old Trafford

Following Manchester United ‘s first gear league championship in 1908 and the FA Cup a year later, it was decided that Bank Street was excessively restrictive for Davies ‘ ambition ; [ 112 ] in February 1909, six weeks before the cabaret ‘s beginning FA Cup style, Old Trafford was named as the family of Manchester United, following the purchase of down for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of £30,000 for construction ; original plans called for seating capability of 100,000, though budget constraints forced a revision to 77,000. The construction was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester. The stadium ‘s phonograph record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939, when an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town drew 76,962 spectators. [ 113 ] Bombing in the moment World War destroyed much of the stadium ; the central burrow in the South Stand was all that remained of that quarter. After the war, the cabaret received recompense from the War Damage Commission in the amount of £22,278. While reconstruction took place, the team played its “ home plate ” games at Manchester City ‘s Maine Road ground ; Manchester United was charged £5,000 per year, plus a nominal percentage of gate receipts. [ 114 ] Later improvements included the accession of roof, first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands. The roof were supported by pillars that obstructed many fans ‘ views, and they were finally replaced with a cantilever structure. The Stretford End was the last stand to receive a cantilever roof, completed in time for the 1993–94 temper. [ 35 ] First used on 25 March 1957 and costing £40,000, four 180-foot ( 55 thousand ) pylons were erected, each housing 54 individual floodlights. These were dismantled in 1987 and replaced by a ignition system embedded in the roof of each rack, which remains in use today. [ 115 ] The Taylor Report ‘s requirement for an all-seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around 44,000 by 1993. In 1995, the North Stand was redeveloped into three tiers, restoring capacity to approximately 55,000. At the end of the 1998–99 season, second tiers were added to the East and West Stands, raising capacity to around 67,000, and between July 2005 and May 2006, 8,000 more seats were add via second tiers in the northwest and northeast quadrants. separate of the new seat was used for the first time on 26 March 2006, when an attendance of 69,070 became a newfangled Premier League record. [ 116 ] The phonograph record was pushed steadily upwards before reaching its vertex on 31 March 2007, when 76,098 spectators saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4–1, with barely 114 seats ( 0.15 per penny of the sum capability of 76,212 ) unoccupied. [ 117 ] In 2009, reorganization of the induct resulted in a decrease of capacitance by 255 to 75,957. [ 118 ] [ 119 ] Manchester United has the moment highest average attendance of european football clubs alone behind Borussia Dortmund. [ 120 ] [ 121 ] [ 122 ]

hold

Manchester United is one of the most democratic football clubs in the world, with one of the highest average home attendances in Europe. [ 123 ] The club states that its global fan base includes more than 200 officially spot branches of the Manchester United Supporters Club ( MUSC ), in at least 24 countries. [ 124 ] The club takes advantage of this support through its global summer tours. Accountancy tauten and sports industry consultants Deloitte estimate that Manchester United has 75 million fans cosmopolitan. [ 11 ] The baseball club has the third highest social media following in the worldly concern among sports teams ( after Barcelona and Real Madrid ), with over 72 million Facebook followers as of July 2020. [ 12 ] [ 125 ] A 2014 study showed that Manchester United had the loudest fans in the Premier League. [ 126 ] Supporters are represented by two autonomous bodies ; the Independent Manchester United Supporters ‘ Association ( IMUSA ), which maintains close links to the club through the MUFC Fans Forum, [ 127 ] and the Manchester United Supporters ‘ Trust ( MUST ). After the Glazer family ‘s coup d’etat in 2005, a group of fans formed a secede club, F.C. United of Manchester. The West Stand of Old Trafford – the “ Stretford End “ – is the home end and the traditional source of the club ‘s most vocal support. [ 128 ]

Rivalries

Manchester United has rivalries with Arsenal, Leeds United, Liverpool, and Manchester City, against whom they contest the Manchester bowler hat. [ 129 ] [ 130 ]

ball-shaped brand

Manchester United has been described as a global brand ; a 2011 report by Brand Finance, valued the baseball club ‘s trademarks and associated intellectual property at £412 million – an increase of £39 million on the previous year, valuing it at £11 million more than the second best brand, Real Madrid – and gave the brand a lastingness rat of AAA ( extremely Strong ). [ 143 ] In July 2012, Manchester United was ranked inaugural by Forbes magazine in its list of the ten-spot most valuable sports team brands, valuing the Manchester United brand at $ 2.23 billion. [ 144 ] The club is rank third base in the Deloitte Football Money League ( behind Real Madrid and Barcelona ). [ 145 ] In January 2013, the club became the foremost sports team in the world to be valued at $ 3 billion. [ 146 ] Forbes magazine valued the club at $ 3.3 billion – $ 1.2 billion higher than the adjacent most valuable sports team. [ 146 ] They were overtaken by Real Madrid for the next four years, but Manchester United returned to the top of the Forbes list in June 2017, with a evaluation of $ 3.689 billion. [ 147 ]
An official partner of the club, Turkish Airlines in Manchester United livery The core strength of Manchester United ‘s ball-shaped mark is much attributed to Matt Busby ‘s rebuilding of the team and subsequent success following the Munich air disaster, which drew worldwide acclaim. [ 128 ] The “ iconic ” team included Bobby Charlton and Nobby Stiles ( members of England ‘s World Cup winning team ), Denis Law and George Best. The attacking style of play adopted by this team ( in line to the defensive-minded “ catenaccio “ approach favoured by the leading italian teams of the era ) “ captured the imagination of the English footballing public ”. [ 148 ] Busby ‘s team besides became associated with the liberalization of western society during the 1960s ; George Best, known as the “ Fifth Beatle “ for his iconic haircut, was the first football player to significantly develop an off-the-field media visibility. [ 148 ] As the second English football club to float on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club raised significant capital, with which it further developed its commercial scheme. The club ‘s focus on commercial and sporting success brought significant profits in an industry frequently characterised by chronic losses. [ 149 ] The force of the Manchester United brand was bolstered by intense off-the-field media care to individual players, most notably David Beckham ( who quickly developed his own global mark ). This attention much generates greater interest in on-the-field activities, and therefore generates sponsorship opportunities – the measure of which is driven by television exposure. [ 150 ] During his time with the golf club, Beckham ‘s popularity across Asia was built-in to the club ‘s commercial success in that partially of the universe. [ 151 ] Because higher league placement results in a greater partake of television rights, achiever on the battlefield generates greater income for the golf club. Since the origin of the Premier League, Manchester United has received the largest share of the tax income generated from the BSkyB broadcast deal. [ 152 ] Manchester United has besides systematically enjoyed the highest commercial income of any English club ; in 2005–06, the cabaret ‘s commercial arm generated £51 million, compared to £42.5 million at Chelsea, £39.3 million at Liverpool, £34 million at Arsenal and £27.9 million at Newcastle United. A key sponsorship relationship was with sportswear company Nike, who managed the club ‘s selling operation as character of a £303 million 13-year partnership between 2002 and 2015. [ 153 ] Through Manchester United Finance and the club ‘s membership dodge, One United, those with an affinity for the cabaret can purchase a range of branded goods and services. additionally, Manchester United-branded media services – such as the club ‘s dedicate television channel, MUTV – have allowed the clubhouse to expand its winnow base to those beyond the reach of its Old Trafford stadium. [ 11 ]

In an initial five-year deal worth £500,000, Sharp Electronics became the golf club ‘s first shirt sponsor at the begin of the 1982–83 temper, a relationship that lasted until the end of the 1999–2000 temper, when Vodafone agreed a four-year, £30 million deal. Vodafone agreed to pay £36 million to extend the deal by four years, but after two seasons triggered a break clause in order to concentrate on its sponsorship of the Champions League. To start at the start of the 2006–07 season, American indemnity pot AIG agreed a four-year £56.5 million manage which in September 2006 became the most valuable in the world. [ 155 ] [ 156 ] At the begin of the 2010–11 season, American reinsurance caller Aon became the club ‘s principal sponsor in a four-year deal reputed to be worth approximately £80 million, making it the most lucrative shirt sponsorship deal in football history. [ 157 ] Manchester United announced their first trail kit sponsor in August 2011, agreeing a four-year conduct with DHL reported to be deserving £40 million ; it is believed to be the foremost example of training kit sponsorship in English football. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] The DHL contract lasted for over a year before the club bought back the compress in October 2012, although they remained the club ‘s official logistics partner. [ 160 ] The contract for the train kit out sponsorship was then sold to Aon in April 2013 for a deal worth £180 million over eight years, which besides included purchasing the name rights for the Trafford Training Centre. [ 161 ] The club ‘s first kit manufacturer was Umbro, until a five-year cope was agreed with admiral Sportswear in 1975. [ 162 ] Adidas received the contract in 1980, [ 163 ] before Umbro started a second spell in 1992. [ 164 ] Umbro ‘s sponsorship lasted for ten-spot years, followed by Nike ‘s record-breaking £302.9 million deal that lasted until 2015 ; 3.8 million replica shirts were sold in the first gear 22 months with the company. [ 165 ] [ 166 ] In addition to Nike and Chevrolet, the cabaret besides has respective lower-level “ platinum ” sponsors, including Aon and Budweiser. [ 167 ] On 30 July 2012, United signed a seven-year bargain with american automotive corporation General Motors, which replaced Aon as the shirt patronize from the 2014–15 season. The new $ 80m-a-year shirt cover is worth $ 559m over seven years and features the logo of General Motors brand Chevrolet. [ 168 ] [ 169 ] Nike announced that they would not renew their kit out provision distribute with Manchester United after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs. [ 170 ] [ 171 ] Since the start of the 2015–16 season, Adidas has manufactured Manchester United ‘s kit as character of a world-record 10-year deal worth a minimum of £750 million. [ 172 ] [ 173 ] Plumbing products manufacturer Kohler became the club ‘s foremost sleeve presenter ahead of the 2018–19 temper. [ 174 ] Manchester United and General Motors did not renew their sponsorship hand, and the club subsequently signed a five-year, £235m sponsorship batch with TeamViewer ahead of the 2021–22 season. [ 175 ]

possession and finances

in the first place funded by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company, the club became a limited company in 1892 and sold shares to local supporters for £1 via an application mannequin. [ 19 ] In 1902, majority ownership passed to the four local anesthetic businessmen who invested £500 to save the golf club from bankruptcy, including future club president of the united states John Henry Davies. [ 19 ] After his death in 1927, the clubhouse faced bankruptcy yet again, but was saved in December 1931 by James W. Gibson, who assumed control of the club after an investing of £2,000. [ 23 ] Gibson promoted his son, Alan, to the control panel in 1948, [ 176 ] but died three years late ; the Gibson class retained possession of the club through James ‘ wife, Lillian, [ 177 ] but the position of president passed to former player Harold Hardman. [ 178 ] Promoted to the display panel a few days after the Munich vent disaster, Louis Edwards, a friend of Matt Busby, began acquiring shares in the baseball club ; for an investment of approximately £40,000, he accumulated a 54 per cent shareholding and took control in January 1964. [ 179 ] When Lillian Gibson died in January 1971, her shares passed to Alan Gibson who sold a percentage of his shares to Louis Edwards ‘ son, Martin, in 1978 ; Martin Edwards went on to become chair upon his father ‘s death in 1980. [ 180 ] Media baron Robert Maxwell attempted to buy the club in 1984, but did not meet Edwards ‘ necessitate price. [ 180 ] In 1989, president Martin Edwards attempted to sell the club to Michael Knighton for £20 million, but the sale fell through and Knighton joined the board of directors rather. [ 180 ] Manchester United was floated on the stock market in June 1991 ( raising £6.7 million ), [ 181 ] and received yet another takeover command in 1998, this time from Rupert Murdoch ‘s british Sky Broadcasting Corporation. This resulted in the formation of Shareholders United Against Murdoch – now the Manchester United Supporters’ Trust – who encouraged supporters to buy shares in the clubhouse in an attack to block any hostile coup d’etat. The Manchester United board accepted a £623 million propose, [ 182 ] but the takeover was blocked by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission at the final vault in April 1999. [ 183 ] A few years late, a power struggle emerged between the club ‘s director, Alex Ferguson, and his horse-race partners, John Magnier and J. P. McManus, who had gradually become the majority shareholders. In a quarrel that stemmed from contested ownership of the horse Rock of Gibraltar, Magnier and McManus attempted to have Ferguson removed from his military position as coach, and the board responded by approaching investors to attempt to reduce the Irishmen ‘s majority. [ 184 ]

Glazer ownership

In May 2005, Malcolm Glazer purchased the 28.7 per cent stake held by McManus and Magnier, thus acquiring a control interest through his investment vehicle Red Football Ltd in a highly leverage coup d’etat valuing the baseball club at approximately £800 million ( then approx. $ 1.5 billion ). [ 185 ] Once the buy was complete, the cabaret was taken off the stock exchange. [ 186 ] much of the coup d’etat money was borrowed by the Glazers ; the debts were transferred to the baseball club. As a result, the club went from being debt-free to being saddled with debts of £540 million, at sake rates of between 7 % to 20 %. [ 15 ] [ 187 ] [ 188 ] In July 2006, the club announced a £660 million debt refinance box, resulting in a 30 per cent decrease in annual interest payments to £62 million a year. [ 189 ] [ 190 ] In January 2010, with debts of £716.5 million ( $ 1.17 billion ), [ 191 ] Manchester United promote refinanced through a bond publish worth £504 million, enabling them to pay off most of the £509 million owed to external banks. [ 192 ] The annual interest collectible on the bonds – which were to mature on 1 February 2017 – is approximately £45 million per annum. [ 193 ] Despite restructure, the clubhouse ‘s debt prompted protests from fans on 23 January 2010, at Old Trafford and the club ‘s Trafford Training Centre. [ 194 ] [ 195 ] Supporter groups encouraged match-going fans to wear fleeceable and amber, the color of Newton Heath. On 30 January, reports emerged that the Manchester United Supporters ‘ Trust had held meetings with a group of affluent fans, dubbed the “ red Knights ”, with plans to buying out the Glazers ‘ controlling matter to. [ 196 ] The golf club ‘s debts reached a high of £777 million in June 2007. [ 197 ] In August 2011, the Glazers were believed to have approached Credit Suisse in training for a $ 1 billion ( approx. £600 million ) initial public offer ( IPO ) on the Singapore stock exchange that would value the club at more than £2 billion ; [ 198 ] however, in July 2012, the clubhouse announced plans to list its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange alternatively. [ 199 ] Shares were originally set to go on sale for between $ 16 and $ 20 each, but the price was cut to $ 14 by the establish of the IPO on 10 August, following negative comments from Wall Street analysts and Facebook ‘s disappointing stock certificate grocery store introduction in May. evening after the cut, Manchester United was valued at $ 2.3 billion, making it the most valuable football club in the universe. [ 200 ] The New York Stock Exchange allows for different shareholders to enjoy different vote rights over the club. Shares offered to the public ( “ class A ” ) had 10 times lesser voting rights than shares retained by the Glazers ( “ class B ” ). [ 201 ] Initially in 2012, only 10 % of shares were offered to the populace. [ 202 ] As of 2019, the Glazers retain ultimate control over the club, with over 70 % of shares, and flush higher voting power. [ 203 ] In 2012, The Guardian estimated that the club had paid a sum of over £500 million in debt concern and other fees on behalf of the Glazers, [ 204 ] and in 2019, reported that the total sum paid by the club for such fees had risen to £1 billion. [ 188 ] At the end of 2019, the club had a net debt of closely £400 million. [ 205 ]

Players

First-team team

As of 2 September 2021[206]

note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

On loan

note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

Reserves and academy

As of 14 September 2021[214][215][216]

List of under-23s and academy players with articles
bill : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

On loanword

note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

Sir Matt Busby Player of the class

Coaching staff

managerial history

management

Owner: Glazer family via Red Football Shareholder Limited[238]

Manchester United Limited

Honours

Winners ‘ and runner-up medals from Manchester United ‘s UEFA Champions League concluding appearances in 2008, 2009 and 2011 Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won. [ 246 ] The club ‘s first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886. [ 247 ] In 1908, the club won their first league title, and won the FA Cup for the first time the stick to year. Since then, they have gone on to win a record 20 top-division titles – including a record 13 Premier League titles – and their sum of 12 FA Cups is second lone to Arsenal ( 14 ). Those titles have meant the club has appeared a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield ( once the FA Charity Shield ), which is played at the start of each season between the winners of the league and FA Cup from the previous temper ; of those 30 appearances, Manchester United have won a record 21, including four times when the match was drawn and the trophy shared by the two clubs. The golf club had a successful period under the management of Matt Busby, starting with the FA Cup in 1948 and culminating with becoming the first gear English club to win the european Cup in 1968, winning five league titles in the intervene years. The club ‘s most successful decade, however, came in the 1990s under Alex Ferguson ; five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup, five Charity Shields ( one shared ), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners ‘ Cup, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup. The club has won the Double ( winning the Premier League and FA Cup in the same season ) three times ; the second in 1995–96 saw them become the beginning club to do thus doubly, and it became refer to as the “ duplicate double over ”. [ 248 ] United became the sole british baseball club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and are one of lone two british clubs to have won the FIFA Club World Cup, in 2008. In 1999, United became the first English club to win the Treble. The cabaret ‘s most recent trophy came in May 2017, with the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. In winning that title, United became the fifth club to have won the “ european Treble “ of european Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners ‘ Cup, and UEFA Cup/Europa League after Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea. [ 249 ] [ 250 ]

domestic

league

Cups

european

Worldwide

Doubles and Trebles

specially short competitions such as the Charity/Community Shield, Intercontinental Cup ( immediately defunct ), FIFA Club World Cup or UEFA Super Cup are not generally considered to contribute towards a Double or Treble. [ 251 ]

Manchester United Women

A team called Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies began operations in the recently 1970s and was unofficially recognised as the club ‘s senior women ‘s team. They became founding members of the North West Women ‘s Regional Football League in 1989. [ 252 ] The team made an official partnership with Manchester United in 2001, becoming the baseball club ‘s official women ‘s team ; however, in 2005, following Malcolm Glazer ‘s takeover, the cabaret was disbanded as it was seen to be “ unprofitable ”. [ 253 ] In 2018, Manchester United formed a new women ‘s football team, which entered the second division of women ‘s football in England for their debut season. [ 254 ] [ 255 ]

References

further read

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