Chocolate cookie with creme fill

Oreo ( ) is a mark of creme-filled sandwich cookie, consisting of two ( normally chocolate ) wafers with a dessert crème satiate, owned by Mondelez International. Introduced on March 6, 1912, Oreo is the best-selling cookie trade name in the United States, where it is sold under the Nabisco brand, and in the twenty-first century it became the number one sell cookie globally. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] As of 2018, the version sold in the U.S. is made by the Nabisco division of Mondelez International. Oreo cookies are available in over one hundred countries. [ 2 ] Many varieties of Oreo cookies have been produced, and limited-edition runs have become popular in the twenty-first century.

etymology [edit ]

The beginning of the name “ Oreo “ is unknown, but there are many hypotheses, including derivations from the french son or, meaning ‘gold ‘, or from the greek give voice ωραίος ( oreos ) meaning ‘nice ‘ or ‘attractive ‘. [ 5 ] Others believe that the cookie was named Oreo just because the appoint was short and comfortable to pronounce. [ 6 ] Another theory, proposed by the food writer Stella Parks, is that the name derives from the Latin Oreodaphne, a genus of the laurel family. She observes that the original design of the Oreo includes a laurel wreath ; and the names of respective of Nabisco ‘s cookies at the time of the master Oreo had botanic derivations, including Avena, Lotus, and Helicon ( from Heliconia ). [ 7 ] [ 8 ]

history [edit ]

Twentieth century [edit ]

theatrical performance of the trademark pattern embossed onto the confront of an Oreo cookie. The “ Oreo Biscuit ” was first developed and produced by the National Biscuit Company ( today known as Nabisco ) in 1912 [ 9 ] [ 10 ] at its Chelsea, New York City factory in the contemporary Chelsea Market complex, located on Ninth Avenue between 15th and 16th Streets. [ 11 ] today, this same jam of Ninth Avenue is known as “ Oreo Way ”. [ 11 ] The appoint Oreo was trademarked on March 14, 1912. [ 12 ] It was launched as an imitation of the Hydrox cookie manufactured by Sunshine company, which was introduced in 1908. [ 13 ] The original purpose on the font of the Oreo featured a wreath around the border of the cookie and the name “ OREO ” in the center. [ 14 ] In the United States, they were sold for 25 cents a thump ( 454 gram ) in bangle alloy canisters with clear glass tops. The first Oreo was sold on March 6, 1912, to a grocer in Hoboken, New Jersey. [ 15 ]
Oreo ad of 1961 The Oreo Biscuit was renamed in 1921 to “ Oreo Sandwich ” ; [ 5 ] in 1948, the name was changed to “ Oreo Crème Sandwich ” ; and in 1974 it became the “ Oreo Chocolate Sandwich Cookie ”, [ 5 ] the name that has remained to this day. A new design for the front of the cookie was launched in 1924 ; [ 14 ] the contemporary Oreo design was developed in 1952 by William A. Turnier, [ 16 ] incorporating the Nabisco logo. In 1920, a second lemon crème-filled diverseness of the Oreo was introduced, as an alternative to the white crème-filled variety, but this was discontinued in 1924 [ 14 ] and the original season was the only translation available for the following several decades. [ 17 ] The modern Oreo cookie fill was developed by Nabisco ‘s principal food scientist, Sam Porcello, [ 11 ] [ 18 ] who retired from Nabisco in 1993. [ 11 ] Porcello held five patents directly related to his work on the Oreo ; [ 18 ] he besides created a rate of Oreo cookies that were covered in benighted cocoa and white chocolate. [ 11 ] [ 18 ] In the early 1990s, health concerns prompted Nabisco to replace the lard in the crème filling with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. [ 19 ] Oreo cookies are democratic with people that have certain dietary restrictions, such as vegans, as the crème filling does not use any animal products. [ 20 ] however, there is still a risk of cross-contamination from other dairy-containing products made in the same production areas. [ 21 ] In the FAQ section of the Oreo.co.uk web site, on the question of whether Oreo cookies are desirable for vegans, their response is “ No, OREO have milk as hybridization liaison and therefore they are not suitable for vegans. ” [ 22 ]

twenty-first hundred [edit ]

An Oreo cookie with multiple fillings in rainbow colors followed by the caption "June 25, Pride." The 2012 rainbow Oreo ad supporting Pride calendar month. In January 2006, Nabisco replaced the trans fat in the Oreo cookie with non- hydrogenated vegetable anoint. [ 19 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] In June 2012, Oreo posted an ad displaying an Oreo cookie with rainbow-colored crème to celebrate LGBT Pride month ; [ 25 ] the cookie itself was fabricated and was not being manufactured or made available for sale. The ad prompted some negative comments, but Kraft stood by their promotion, stating that “ Kraft Foods has a proud history of celebrating diverseness and inclusiveness. We feel the Oreo ad is a fun expression of our values. ” [ 26 ] This was followed during 2012 by a series of adverts commemorating early holidays and events, including a blue, white, and crimson crème Oreo to honor Bastille Day, a flow of cookie crumbs marking the appearance of the Delta Aquariids meteor exhibitor, and a cookie with a jag bite taken out of it to promote Shark Week on Discovery Channel .

International distribution [edit ]

Oreo cookies are distributed worldwide through a assortment of sales and selling channels. As their popularity continues to grow, sol besides does the measure of distribution that comes with it. According to the Kraft Foods company, the Oreo is the “ World ‘s Best Selling cookie ”. [ 27 ] In March 2012, Time magazine reported that Oreo cookies were available in more than 100 countries. overall, it is estimated that since the Oreo cookie ‘s origin in 1912, over 450 billion Oreos have been produced cosmopolitan. [ 15 ] Oreos were first introduced into Britain through the supermarket range Sainsbury ‘s. For several years, this was the alone supermarket chain in the UK to stock the Oreo until May 2008, when Kraft decided to in full launch the Oreo across the hale of the UK. It ’ s packaging was redesigned into the more conversant british tube design, accompanied by a £ 4.5M television advertise political campaign based around the “ turn, punch, dunk “ catchphrase. [ 28 ] In a 2020 home poll the Oreo was ranked the 16th most popular biscuit in the UK, with McVitie ‘s cocoa digestive topping the number. [ 29 ] In the UK, Kraft partnered with McDonald ‘s to introduce the Oreo McFlurry ( which was already on sale in respective other countries, including the US ) into McDonald ‘s locations across the country during its annual Great Tastes of America promotions ; in October 2015, the Oreo McFlurry then became a permanent menu detail at McDonald ‘s in the UK. An Oreo-flavored “ Krushem ” drink was besides on sale in KFC stores across Britain. The ingredients of the british Oreo ( as listed on the UK Oreo web site ) are slightly different from those of the US Oreo. Unlike the US version, the british Oreo originally contained whey gunpowder, which was not suitable for people with lactose intolerance. additionally, as the whey powder was sourced from cheese made with calf rennet, the british adaptation was besides undesirable for vegetarians. [ 30 ] On December 6, 2011, Kraft announced that output of Oreo was to start in the UK with their Cadbury Trebor Bassett factory in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, being selected to manufacture Oreo in Britain for the first time. production began there in May 2013. [ 31 ] Oreo cookies were introduced onto the indian market by Cadbury India in 2011. [ 32 ] In Pakistan, Oreo is manufactured and sold by Continental Biscuits Limited under the LU mark. [ 33 ] In Japan, Oreo and other Nabisco products were produced by Yamazaki Baking until Mondelez terminated their license deal in privilege of moving production to China. [ 34 ] A year late, Yamazaki introduced their version of Oreo called “ Noir ”, which is produced at the erstwhile Oreo factory in Ibaraki Prefecture. [ 35 ]

output [edit ]

According to a statement from Kim McMiller, an Associate Director of Consumer Relations, [ citation needed ] a two-stage march is used to produce Oreo cookies. The base coat boodle is formed into the conversant round cookies by a circular cast at the entrance of a 300-foot-long ( 91 meter ) oven. Most of the Oreo production was once carried out at the Hershey ‘s factory in Hershey, Pennsylvania. [ citation needed ] By 2017, more than 40 billion Oreo cookies were being produced per annum in 18 countries around the earth. [ 2 ] Oreo cookies for the asian markets are manufactured in India, [ 32 ] Indonesia, Bahrain, and China. [ 34 ] Oreo cookies for the european commercialize are made in Spain and at the Cadbury factory in the UK ; [ 31 ] they are made in Russia ( Mondelēz Rus ) for consumers in several CIS countries ; [ 36 ] and those sold in Australia are manufactured in Indonesia ( previously China ) or Spain, depending on the spirit. The version produced in Canada ( sold under the Christie ‘s post ) includes coconut petroleum and is sold entirely in that region. fabricate of Oreo biscuits began in Pakistan in early on 2014, in collaboration with Mondelez International of the United States and Continental Biscuits Limited ( CBL ) of Pakistan, at the CBL production establish in Sukkur. [ 33 ]

Oreo boycott [edit ]

In 2015, Mondelez announced its decisiveness to close some of its american factories and move production to Mexico, prompting the Oreo boycott. [ 37 ] In 2016, after production had started in Mexico, the AFL-CIO encouraged the boycott and published consumer steering to help identify which Mondelez products were made in Mexico. [ 38 ] In July 2016, Oreo cookies ceased production in Chicago. [ 39 ]

Ingredients [edit ]

The ingredients of Oreo cookies have remained largely unaltered from the original, although numerous alternate varieties and flavors have emerged over clock. The classical Oreo cookie is made using eleven independent ingredients : [ 40 ]

nutriment [edit ]

One six-pack of Oreos contains 270 calories, hence there are 45 calories in one cookie. Of these 45 calories, 27 issue forth from carbohydrates, 16.5 come from fatty, and 1.5 calories are provided by protein. [ 41 ] Different Oreo flavors have varying amounts of carbohydrate : the chocolate fudge Oreo contains 13 gravitational constant of total carbohydrates ( 4 % of the recommend casual consumption ) and 9 guanine of sugars per serve of 3 cookies, while mint Oreos check 25 guanine of entire carbohydrates and 18 thousand of sugars per serving. Oreos contain small amounts of proteins and minerals ( iron and sodium are present ) but they do not contain any vitamins. [ 42 ] [ 43 ]

Varieties [edit ]

Left to right : Oreo Mini, unconstipated Oreo, and Double Stuf Oreo Oreo Double Triples Golden oreo The Most Stuf Oreo In addition to their traditional design of two chocolate wafers separated by a crème fill, Oreo cookies have been produced in a battalion of different varieties since they were first base introduced. This number is merely a guidebook to some of the more celebrated and popular types ; not all are available in every country. The independent varieties in the United States are :

  • Double Stuf Oreo – Introduced in 1974,[44] this variety has about double the normal amount of crème filling as the original. (A math teacher found that Doubled Stuf Oreos only had 1.86 times the amount of cream of normal Oreos.[45]) Available with various flavors of crème filling: original, chocolate, peanut butter, cool mint, and birthday cake. In the UK these are called Double Creme Oreos and are only available in original flavor. The Golden Double Stuf Oreo, featuring golden Oreo wafers with a double portion of original vanilla-flavored crème, was introduced in 2009.
  • Football Oreo – (American/Canadian) Football-shaped Oreo cookies, introduced in 1976.[ quotation needed]
  • Big Stuf Oreo – A short-lived variety of the Oreo cookie, introduced in 1987[44] but discontinued in 1991, these were several times the size of a normal Oreo. Sold individually, each Big Stuf contained 250 calories (1,000 kJ)[46] and 13 grams of fat.
  • Golden Oreo – First released in 2004,[2] this has “golden” vanilla-flavored wafers on the outside of the cookie, as an alternative to the original chocolate-flavored wafers. Available with various flavors of crème filling including original, chocolate, lemon and birthday cake. The chocolate crème variety, being the reverse of the original cookie, was known as the Uh-Oh Oreo until 2007.[47]
  • Oreo Mini – First introduced in 1991,[48] these are miniature bite-sized versions of the original Oreo cookie. After being discontinued in the late 1990s, they were re-released in 2000 along with the redesigned 2001 Dodge Caravan minivan as part of a promotional tie-in with Daimler AG.[49] Their packaging in the 1990s consisted of a “miniaturized” version of the full-sized cardboard tray and box used in Oreo packaging at the time. Their revised packaging consists of an aluminum foil bag.[ quotation needed] Oreo Minis are available with various flavors of crème filling including original, chocolate, strawberry, and the new mint flavor which debuted in 2015. As well as the bagged version, they are also sold in Nabisco To-Go Cups, lidded plastic cups which fit into car cup-holders (in line with other Nabisco snacks that come in miniature form, such as Nutter Butters). A Golden Oreo Mini was also made available after the Golden Oreo was released in 2004. According to the Oreo website, the slogan of the Oreo Mini is “Grab ’em. Pop ’em. Love ’em.”
  • Mega Stuf Oreo – Released in February 2013, the Mega Stuf variety is similar to Double Stuf, but with even more white crème filling. They come in both chocolate and golden wafer varieties.
  • Oreo Thins – Introduced in July 2015, this is a thin version of the original Oreo cookie. Thins come in both chocolate and golden wafer varieties, with various crème filling flavors including chocolate, mint, lemon and tiramisu. Each cookie contains only 40 calories; they are 66% thinner than the original version.
  • Chocolate Oreo – Simply an Oreo cookie with chocolate crème filling instead of the original vanilla-flavored white crème filling.
  • Mint Oreo – A variety of Oreo with two chocolate wafers separated by a mint-flavored crème filling.
  • The Most Stuf – Introduced in January 2019, an initially limited edition Oreo with approximately four times the amount of crème filling of a standard Oreo. After two limited runs, it was quietly brought back as a permanent product in the Fall of 2020. While they were first offered in traditional Oreo packages and widely available when they were limited edition, the permanent version is only found in individual four-packs as well as 12 four-pack collections within convenience store settings.
  • Gluten Free – Introduced in January 2021, comes in both traditional and Double Stuf varieties[50]

limited version Double Stuf Oreo cookies are produced during spring, and around Halloween and Christmas. These have colored frosting reflecting the current vacation : amobarbital sodium or yellow for spring ; orange for Halloween ; and red or green for the Christmas holiday. One side of each seasonal cookie is stamped with an allow invention ; the spring cookies feature flowers, butterflies, etc., while the Halloween editions feature a jack o’lantern, ghost, computerized tomography, flock of bats, or broom-riding witch. The 2017 Halloween Oreo broke with this tradition, having orange-colored crème filling ( albeit with classic vanilla relish ) but carrying no seasonal designs. In some countries, Oreos come in a kind of flavors that are not familiar to the U.S. market. For example, Green Tea Oreos are alone available in China and Japan, while Lemon Ice Oreos were only always introduced in Japan or Blueberry Ice Cream available in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. additionally, there are alfajor Oreo cookies available in Argentina, composed of three Oreo cookies with vanilla filling between each, and covered in cocoa .

limit editions [edit ]

Beginning in the early 2010s, Nabisco began releasing limited version runs of cookies with more exotic flavors. These “ limited editions ” typically appear in stores for a abruptly menstruation and are then discontinued, although some varieties have since resurfaced, for exemplar : Reese ‘s Oreos returned for a second base circumscribed run after they were beginning introduced for a limit period in 2014 ; and Birthday Cake Oreos, in the first place introduced in 2012, have since become permanently available. [ 51 ] Some limited editions are entirely made available at certain retailers. [ 52 ] Limited-edition runs normally feature a crème occupy that has been flavored to replicate the taste of a specific fruit or dessert, from familiar flavors such as lemon or batch, to the more specific and unusual flavors of blueberry pie or bolshevik velvet coat. They may besides incorporate different varieties of cookie wafer, for model Cinnamon-Bun Oreos featured cinnamon -flavored cookies and “ frosting-flavored crème ”. In late years, some restrict editions have paired Oreos with other recognizable confectionery brands, including Reese ‘s, swedish Fish, and Peeps. Oreo ‘s six-person team in blame of special flavors is extremely close ; the company will not disclose even the group ‘s name. The limited-edition flavors largely serve as advertising for Oreo ‘s regular varieties. [ 53 ]

Use of “ oreo ” as a blur [edit ]

Oreo cookies, due to their almost-black cookies and white filling, have frequently been used in popular culture as a metaphor for relations between people of coloring material and white people. In the 1976 movie, A Star Is Born, Barbra Streisand ‘s character Esther Hoffman is the white central member of The Oreos, a three-girl scorch group, between black actresses Venetta Fields and Clydie King. [ 62 ] The terminus “ Oreo ” has occasionally been used as a derogative and dysphemistic racial aspersion aimed at a person of mixed-race or african-american inheritance who is accused of trying to act white. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 66 ] The insult may be levied as an accusation that the person perpetuates the “ un-level play field for blacks ”, and is based on the implication that the person is like the cookie, “ black on the outside and white on the at heart ”. [ 67 ] For case, the protagonist of the 1974 novel, Oreo, was nicknamed Oreo because of a assorted Jewish-American and african-american inheritance. [ 68 ] former American president Barack Obama, ascribable to his bi-racial inheritance, has been compared to an oreo by political pundits and television receiver personalities such as John McLaughlin and Rush Limbaugh. [ 69 ] [ 70 ] In 2021, the chair of the Lamar County Democrats, Gary O’Connor, compared South Carolina Senator Tim Scott, the only african-american Republican in the United States Senate, to an Oreo after Scott gave the republican response to Joe Biden ‘s joint address to Congress. Amid fierce criticism, O’Connor apologized for his remarks and offered his resignation, [ 71 ] but the Lamar County Democrats chose not to accept his resignation and O’Connor wrote a public letter of apology for his remarks. [ 72 ]

See besides [edit ]

explanatory notes [edit ]

  1. ^[1] Nabisco was a auxiliary of Kraft Foods until 2012 when the global nosh division of Kraft Foods was rebranded as Mondelez International .

Citations [edit ]

far reading [edit ]