This article is about the English association football league. For other uses, see Premier League ( disambiguation )
Football league
Reading: Premier League – Wikipedia
The Premier League, often referred to as the English Premier League or the EPL ( legal name : The Football Association Premier League Limited ), is the top degree of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and delegating with the English Football League ( EFL ). Seasons run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches ( playing all 19 other teams both home and away ). [ 1 ] Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights sale to Sky. [ 2 ] From 2019-20, the league ‘s accumulated television receiver rights deals were worth around £3.1 billion a year, with Sky and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 128 and 32 games respectively. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The Premier League is a corporation where foreman executive Richard Masters is creditworthy for its management, whilst the penis clubs act as shareholders. [ 5 ] Clubs were allocate cardinal requital revenues of £2.4 billion in 2016–17, with a far £343 million in solidarity payments to English Football League ( EFL ) club. [ 6 ] The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the universe, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a likely television receiver hearing of 4.7 billion people. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] For the 2018–19 season, the average Premier League match attendance was at 38,181, [ 9 ] second gear to the german Bundesliga ‘s 43,500, [ 10 ] while aggregated attendance across all matches is the highest of any association football league at 14,508,981. [ 11 ] Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. [ 12 ] The Premier League ranks first in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in european competitions over the past five seasons as of 2021. [ 13 ] The English top-flight has produced the second-highest number of UEFA Champions League/European Cup titles, with five english clubs having won fourteen european trophies in entire. Fifty clubs have competed since the origin of the Premier League in 1992 : forty-eight English and two Welsh clubs. Seven of them have won the title : manchester United ( 13 ), Chelsea ( 5 ), Manchester City ( 5 ), Arsenal ( 3 ), Blackburn Rovers ( 1 ), Leicester City ( 1 ) and Liverpool ( 1 ). [ 14 ]
history
Origins
Despite meaning european success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, vandalism was overabundant, and English clubs had been banned from european competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium catastrophe in 1985. [ 15 ] The Football League First Division, the lead level of English football since 1888, was behind leagues such as Italy ‘s Serie A and Spain ‘s La Liga in attendances and revenues, and respective top English players had moved overseas. [ 16 ] By the turn of the 1990s, the down course was starting to reverse. At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, England reached the semi-finals ; UEFA, European football ‘s governing body, lifted the five-year bachelor of arts in nursing on English clubs playing in european competitions in 1990, resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners ‘ Cup in 1991. The Taylor Report on stadium condom standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough catastrophe, was published in January 1990. [ 17 ] During the 1980s, major english clubs had begun to transform into business ventures, applying commercial principles to club government to maximise tax income. Martin Edwards of Manchester United, Irving Scholar of Tottenham Hotspur, and David Dein of Arsenal were among the leaders in this transformation. [ 18 ] The commercial imperative led to the top clubs seeking to increase their power and tax income : the clubs in Division One threatened to break away from the Football League, and in therefore doing they managed to increase their vote office and gain a more favorable fiscal arrangement, taking a 50 % contribution of all television receiver and sponsorship income in 1986. [ 18 ] They demanded that television companies should pay more for their coverage of football matches, [ 19 ] and tax income from television grew in importance. The Football League received £6.3 million for a biennial agreement in 1986, but by 1988, in a batch agreed with ITV, the price rose to £44 million over four years with the leading clubs taking 75 % of the cash. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] According to Scholar, who was involved in the negotiations of television receiver deals, each of the First Division clubs received only about £25,000 per year from television rights before 1986, this increased to around £50,000 in the 1986 negotiation, then to £600,000 in 1988. [ 22 ] The 1988 negotiations were conducted under the menace of ten clubs leaving to form a “ super league ”, but they were finally persuaded to stay, with the lead club taking the lion ‘s plowshare of the deal. [ 20 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The negotiations besides convinced the bigger clubs that in order to receive adequate votes, they needed to take the whole of First Division with them alternatively of a smaller “ extremely league ”. [ 25 ] By the beginning of the 1990s, the big cabaret again considered breaking away, particularly now that they had to fund the cost of stadium upgrade as proposed by the Taylor Report. [ 26 ] In 1990, the managing director of London Weekend Television ( LWT ), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the “big five” football clubs in England ( Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur, Everton and Arsenal ) over a dinner. [ 27 ] The touch was to pave the way for a breakaway from The Football League. [ 28 ] Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interest in a larger share of television rights money. [ 29 ] The five clubs agreed with the trace and decided to press ahead with it ; however, the league would have no credibility without the back of The Football Association, and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the estimate. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the clock and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League ‘s military position. [ 30 ] The FA released a report in June 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football, that supported the plan for Premier League with FA the ultimate assurance that would oversee the breakaway league. [ 25 ]
Foundation ( 1990s )
At the close of the 1990–1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a newfangled league that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game ‘s top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League. [ 31 ] The newly formed top division was to have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow english clubs to compete with teams across Europe. [ 16 ] Although Dyke played a significant character in the creation of the Premier League, he and ITV ( of which LWT was part ) lost out in the bidding for broadcast rights : BSkyB won with a bid of £304 million over five years, with the BBC awarded the highlights package broadcast on Match of the Day. [ 27 ] [ 29 ] The First Division clubs resigned en masse from the Football League in 1992, and on 27 May that year the FA Premier League was formed as a express caller, working out of an office at the Football Association ‘s then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. [ 16 ] The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were :
This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions ; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format ; the lapp count of teams competed in the crown flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted. [ 24 ] The league held its inaugural season in 1992–93. It was composed of 22 clubs for that season ( reduced to 20 in the 1995–96 temper ). The first Premier League finish was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. [ 33 ] Luton Town, Notts County, and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old First Division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take depart in the inaugural Premier League season. [ 34 ]
“ clear four ” authority ( 2000s )
| Season | ARS | CHE | LIV | MUN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–01 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
| 2001–02 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 |
| 2002–03 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| 2003–04 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| 2004–05 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
| 2005–06 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| 2006–07 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 2007–08 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| 2008–09 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| 2009–10 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 2 |
| Top four | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 |
| out of 10 | ||||
| League champions Champions League group stage Champions League third qualifying / play-off round Champions League first qualifying round UEFA Cup / Europa League |
||||
The 2000s saw the laterality of the alleged “Top Four” clubs. Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United [ 35 ] [ 36 ] finished at the top of the postpone for bulk of the decade, thereby guaranteeing qualification for the UEFA Champions League. lone four other clubs managed to qualify for the rival during this period : Leeds United ( 2000-01 ), Newcastle United ( 2001–02 and 2002–03 ), Everton ( 2004–05 ) and Tottenham Hotspur ( 2009–10 ) – each occupying the final examination Champions League position, with the exception of Newcastle in the 2002–03 season, who finished third base. Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname “ The Invincibles “ as it became the beginning club to complete a Premier League political campaign without losing a single game, the only time this has ever happened in the Premier League. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] In May 2008, Kevin Keegan stated that “ top four ” dominance threatened the division : “ This league is in danger of becoming one of the most bore but great leagues in the world. ” [ 39 ] Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defense : “ There are a lot of unlike tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you ‘re at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interest. ” [ 40 ] between 2005 and 2012 there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals, with merely “ top four ” clubs reaching that stage. Liverpool ( 2005 ), Manchester United ( 2008 ) and Chelsea ( 2012 ) won the rival during this period, with Arsenal ( 2006 ), Liverpool ( 2007 ), Chelsea ( 2008 ) and Manchester United ( 2009 and 2011 ) all lose Champions League finals. [ 41 ] Leeds United were the only non- ” top Four ” side to reach the semi-finals of the Champions League, in the 2000–01 temper. There were three Premier League teams in the Champions League semi-finals in 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09, a feat only ever achieved five times ( along with Serie A in 2002-03 and La Liga in 1999-2000 ). additionally, between the 1999–2000 and 2009–10 seasons, four Premier League sides reached UEFA Cup or Europa League finals, with merely Liverpool oversee to win the competition in 2001. Arsenal ( 2000 ), Middlesbrough ( 2006 ) and Fulham ( 2010 ) all lost their finals. [ 42 ] Although the group ‘s authority was reduced to a degree after this period with the emergence of Manchester City and Tottenham, in terms of all time Premier League points won they remain clear by some allowance. As of the end of the 2018–19 season – the 27th season of the Premier League – Liverpool, in fourth locate in the all-time points table, were over 250 points ahead of the next team, Tottenham Hotspur. They are besides the only teams to maintain a winning average of over 50 % throughout their entire Premier League tenures. [ 43 ]
egress of the “ big six ” ( 2010s )
| Season | ARS | CHE | LIV | MCI | MUN | TOT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–11 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 2011–12 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 2012–13 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 2013–14 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 6 |
| 2014–15 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| 2015–16 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| 2016–17 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 |
| 2017–18 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018–19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
| 2019–20 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| Top four | 6 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 5 |
| Top six | 9 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
| out of 10 | ||||||
| League champions Champions League group stage Champions League play-off round Europa League |
||||||
The years following 2009 marked a chemise in the structure of the “ top four ” with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four places on a regular footing, turning the “ crown four-spot ” into the “ Big Six “. [ 44 ] In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton five years anterior. [ 45 ] criticism of the gap between an elect group of “ super club ” and the majority of the Premier League has continued, however, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. [ 46 ] Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first golf club outside the “ big four-spot ” to win since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994–95 season. That season besides saw two of the “ big Four ” ( Chelsea and Liverpool ) finish outside the top four places for the first time since that season. [ 44 ] With only four UEFA Champions League qualifying places available in the league, greater competition for reservation now exists, albeit from a narrow base of six clubs. In the five seasons following the 2011–12 campaign, Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times, while Chelsea finished 10th in the 2015–16 season. Arsenal finished 5th in 2016–17, ending their commemorate political campaign of 20 consecutive top-four finishes. [ 47 ] In the 2015–16 season, the top four was breached by a non-Big Six side for the first time since Everton in 2005. Leicester City were the surprise winners of the league, qualifying for the Champions League as a result. [ 48 ]
| Club | Top 6 finishes |
|---|---|
| Manchester City | 10 |
| Tottenham Hotspur | 10 |
| Chelsea | 9 |
| Arsenal | 9 |
| Manchester United | 9 |
| Liverpool | 7 |
| Leicester City | 2 |
| Everton | 2 |
| Southampton | 1 |
| Newcastle | 1 |
Off the lurch, the “ big six ” wield significant fiscal power and determine, with these clubs arguing that they should be entitled to a greater parcel of gross due to the greater stature of their clubs globally and the attractive football they aim to play. [ 49 ] Objectors argue that the egalitarian tax income social organization in the Premier League helps to maintain a competitive league which is critical for its future success. [ 50 ] The 2016–17 Deloitte Football Money League report showed the fiscal disparity between the “ big six ” and the rest of the part. All of the “ big six-spot ” had revenues greater than €350 million, with Manchester United having the largest gross in the league at €676.3 million. Leicester City was the closest cabaret to the “ big six ” in terms of gross, recording a design of €271.1 million for that season – helped by participation in the Champions League. The eighth-largest tax income generator, West Ham – who did not play in european contest – had revenues of €213.3 million, closely half of those of the club with the fifth-largest gross, Liverpool ( €424.2 million ). [ 51 ] A substantial part of the clubs ‘ tax income by then came from television broadcast deals, with the biggest clubs each taking from around £150 million to about £200 million in the 2016–17 temper from such deals. [ 52 ] In Deloitte ‘s 2019 report, all the “ big six ” were in the exceed ten of the world ‘s richest club. [ 53 ]
2020s
| Season | ARS | CHE | LIV | MCI | MUN | TOT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020–21 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| Top four | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Top six | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| out of 1 | ||||||
| League champions Champions League group stage Europa League Europa Conference League |
||||||
From the 2019–20 season, video adjunct referees were used in the league. [ 54 ] project Big Picture was announced in October 2020 that described a design to reunite the peak Premier League clubs with the English Football League, proposed by leading Premier League clubs Manchester United and Liverpool. [ 55 ] It has been criticised by the Premier League leadership and the UK government ‘s Department of Culture, Media and Sport. [ 56 ] On 26 April 2021, play was stopped during a meet between Leicester City and Crystal Palace to allow players Wesley Fofana and Cheikhou Kouyaté to break Ramadan firm. It is believed to be the first time in Premier League history that a game was paused to allow Muslim players to eat and drink after the sun had set in accordance with the rules of the religion. [ 57 ]
| Club | Top 6 finishes |
|---|---|
| Manchester City | 1 |
| Chelsea | 1 |
| Manchester United | 1 |
| Liverpool | 1 |
| Leicester City | 1 |
| West Ham United | 1 |
bodied structure
The Football Association Premier League Ltd ( FAPL ) [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] is operated as a pot and is owned by the 20 penis clubs. Each club is a stockholder, with one vote each on issues such as dominion changes and contracts. The clubs elect a president, foreman administrator, and display panel of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. [ 61 ] The Football Association is not directly involved in the daily operations of the Premier League, but has veto world power as a special stockholder during the election of the president and head executive and when modern rules are adopted by the league. [ 62 ] The current chief executive is Richard Masters, who was appointed in December 2019, [ 63 ] whilst the president is Gary Hoffman, appointed in April 2020. [ 64 ] Both men succeeded Richard Scudamore, who held the blend position of “ Executive Chairman ” from November 1999 until his retirement in November 2019. [ 64 ] The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA ‘s european Club Association, the number of clubs and the baseball club themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association : Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. [ 65 ] The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA ‘s Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League. [ 66 ]
criticism of government
The Premier League has faced criticism of its administration due to an alleged miss of foil and accountability. Following the Premier League ‘s block of the try takeover of Newcastle United by a PIF-backed consortium through the league ‘s Owners ‘ and Directors ‘ test, many MPs, Newcastle United fans and refer parties to the deal denounced the Premier League for its perceived miss of foil and accountability throughout the process. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] On 6 July 2021, consortium member Amanda Staveley of PCP Capital Partners said that “ fans surely deserve absolute transparency from the regulators across all their processes – to best ensure that they act responsibly. They ( the Premier League ) are performing a function like that of a government governor – but without the same systems for accountability. ” [ 69 ] On 22 July 2021, Tracey Crouch MP – chair of the fan-led inspection into the UK ’ mho football government – announced in the review ’ south interim findings that the Premier League had “ lost the faith and confidence ” of fans. The review besides recommended that a new freelancer governor be created to oversee matters such as club takeovers. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] Premier League headman administrator Richard Masters had earlier spoken out against the execution of an independent governor, saying on 17 May 2021 that “ I don ’ thyroxine think that the independent regulator is the answer to the wonder. I would defend the Premier League ’ second role as governor of its clubs over the past 30 years. ” [ 72 ]
competition format
contest
There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the run of a season ( from August to May ) each club plays the others twice ( a doubling round-robin system ), once at their base stadium and once at that of their opponents ‘, for 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one sharpen for a string. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal remainder, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the like position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides social station. [ 73 ]
promotion and delegating
A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, [ 74 ] with an extra team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and one-sixth placed clubs. [ 75 ] The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] The top trajectory had merely been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League. [ 77 ] On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major european leagues, including Italy ‘s Serie A and Spain ‘s La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. [ 78 ] ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams. [ 79 ]
Clubs
50 clubs have played in the Premier League from its origin in 1992, up to and including the 2021–22 temper. [ 80 ]
Champions
2021–22 temper
Twenty clubs compete in the 2021–22 Premier League, with three promoted from the championship :
- a b c d e f g h i j k l Founding extremity of the Premier League
- a b c d e f g h never been relegated from Premier League
- a b c d One of the master twelve Football League teams
Non-English clubs
In 2011, after Swansea City gained forwarding, a Welsh clubhouse participated in the Premier League for the first fourth dimension. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] The foremost Premier League match to be played external England was Swansea City ‘s home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011. [ 83 ] The act of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained forwarding, [ 84 ] but they were relegated after their maiden over season. [ 85 ] Cardiff were promoted again in 2017–18 but the issue of Welsh clubs remained the lapp for the 2018–19 Premier League season, for Swansea City were relegated from the Premier League in 2017–18. [ 86 ] Following Cardiff City ‘s relegation after the 2018–19 season, there are presently no Welsh clubs participating in the Premier League. [ 87 ] Because they are members of the Football Association of Wales ( FAW ), the interview of whether clubs like Swansea should represent England or Wales in european competitions has caused long-running discussions in UEFA. Swansea took one of England ‘s three available places in the Europa League in 2013–14 by winning the League Cup in 2012–13. [ 88 ] The right of Welsh clubs to take up such english places was in doubt until UEFA clarified the matter in March 2012, allowing them to participate. [ 89 ] participation in the Premier League by some scottish or irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The theme came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the affect was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] [ 92 ] [ 93 ] Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the theme that Scotland ‘s two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take function in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions. [ 94 ]
International competitions
qualification for european competitions
reservation criteria for 2020–21
The top four teams in the Premier League qualify for the subsequent season ‘s UEFA Champions League group stage. The winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League may earn an extra reservation for the subsequent season ‘s UEFA Champions League group phase if they are not in the top four. If this means six Premier League teams qualify, then the fourth-placed team in the Premier League alternatively plays in the UEFA Europa League, for any single state is limited to a maximum of five teams in UCL. The fifth-placed team in the Premier League, a well as the winner of the FA Cup, qualifies for the subsequent season ‘s UEFA Europa League group stagecoach, but if the winner besides finished in the top five places in the Premier League or has won one of UEFA ‘s major tournaments, then this place reverts to the team that finished one-sixth. The achiever of the EFL Cup qualifies for the subsequent season ‘s UEFA Europa League second qualify polish, but if the winner already qualified for a UEFA rival via their performance in another competition, then this set reverts to the team that finished sixth in the Premier League, or seventh if the FA Cup result already caused the sixth-placed team to qualify. [ 95 ] The number of places allocated to English clubs in UEFA competitions is dependant upon the put a country holds in the UEFA state coefficients, which are calculated based upon the performance of teams in UEFA competitions in the previous five years. presently the ranking of England ( and de facto the Premier League ) is irregular, behind Spain .
former seasons
An exception to the common european qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification target in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. [ 97 ] UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the contest the follow class regardless of their domestic league identify. however, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this mean that if the Champions League achiever finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. At that fourth dimension, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League. [ 98 ] This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League that summer, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in locate of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League. [ 99 ] From 2015–16, the Europa League winners qualify for the Champions League, increasing the utmost issue of participants per country to five. [ 100 ] This took effect in England in 2016–17, when Manchester United finished sixth in the Premier League and won the Europa League, giving England five Champions League entrants for 2017–18. [ 101 ] In these instances, any Europa League position vacated will not be handed down to the next-best Premier League finisher outside a passing invest and therefore the association ‘s Europa League entrants for the following temper will be reduced. If it happens that both Champions League and Europa League winners are of the same association and both finish outside the top four, then the fourth-placed team will be transferred to the Europa League .
performance in international competition
Between the 1992–93 and the 2020–21 seasons, Premier League clubs won the UEFA Champions League six times ( and had seven runner-up ), behind Spain ‘s La Liga with football team wins, and ahead of, among others, Italy ‘s Serie A with five wins and Germany ‘s Bundesliga with four wins. [ 41 ] The FIFA Club World Cup ( primitively called the FIFA Club World Championship ) has been won doubly by a Premier League club ( Manchester United in 2008 and Liverpool in 2019 ), [ 102 ] with two runner-up ( Liverpool in 2005 and Chelsea in 2012 ), [ 103 ] [ 104 ] behind Spain ‘s La Liga with seven wins, [ 105 ] Brazil ‘s Brasileirão with four wins, [ 103 ] [ 104 ] [ 106 ] [ 107 ] and tied with Italy ‘s Serie A with two wins. [ 108 ] [ 109 ]
The league changed its identify from the FA Premier League to just the Premier League in 2007. [ 110 ] From 1993 to 2016, the Premier League had title sponsorship rights sold to two companies, which were Carling brewery and Barclays Bank PLC ; Barclays was the most holocene claim presenter, having sponsored the Premier League from 2001 until 2016 ( until 2004, the entitle sponsorship was held through its Barclaycard sword before shifting to its independent trust sword in 2004 ). [ 111 ]
| Period | Sponsor | Brand |
|---|---|---|
| 1992–1993 | No sponsor | FA Premier League |
| 1993–2001 | Carling | FA Carling Premiership[16] |
| 2001–2004 | Barclaycard | FA Barclaycard Premiership[16] |
| 2004–2007 | Barclays | FA Barclays Premiership |
| 2007–2016 | Barclays Premier League[16][112] | |
| 2016–present | No sponsor | Premier League |
Barclays ‘ deal with the Premier League expired at the end of the 2015–16 season. The FA announced on 4 June 2015 that it would not pursue any far deed sponsorship deals for the Premier League, arguing that they wanted to build a “ scavenge ” mark for the competition more in wrinkle with those of major U.S. sports leagues .
Nike “Maxim” ball used in the Premier League in 2012 a well as sponsorship for the league itself, the Premier League has a number of official partners and suppliers. [ 114 ] The official ball supplier for the league is Nike who have had the abridge since the 2000–01 season when they took over from Mitre. [ 115 ] Under its Merlin brand, Topps held the license to produce collectables for the Premier League between 1994 and 2019 including stickers ( for their poser album ) and trade cards. [ 116 ] Launched in the 2007–08 season, Topps ’ Match Attax, the official Premier League trade card game, is the best sell boys collectible in the UK, and is besides the biggest selling sports trading card game in the global. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] In October 2018, Panini were awarded the license to produce collectables from the 2019–20 season. [ 118 ] The cocoa company Cadbury has been the official bite partner of the Premier League since 2017, and sponsors the Golden Boot, Golden Glove, and Playmaker of the Season awards. [ 119 ] [ 120 ]
Finances
The Premier League has the highest gross of any association football league in the global, with total baseball club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and monetary value controls, the Premier League clubs jointly made a net income net income in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. [ 123 ] In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen ‘s Award for Enterprise in the International Trade class for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom ‘s circulate diligence. [ 124 ] The Premier League includes some of the richest football clubs in the worldly concern. Deloitte ‘s “ Football Money League “ listed seven Premier League clubs in the top 20 for the 2009–10 temper, [ 125 ] and all 20 clubs were in the top 40 globally by the end of the 2013–14 season, largely as a leave of increased circulate gross. [ 126 ] In 2019, the league generated around £3.1 billion per year in domestic and external television rights. [ 3 ] Premier League clubs agreed in principle in December 2012, to radical fresh price controls. The two proposals consist of a break-even rule and a cap on the come clubs can increase their engage bill by each season. With the new television deals on the horizon, momentum has been growing to find ways of preventing the majority of the cash going uncoiled to players and agents. [ 127 ]
central payments for the 2016–17 season amounted to £2,398,515,773 across the 20 clubs, with each team receiving a flat participation fee of £35,301,989 and extra payments for television receiver broadcasts ( £1,016,690 for general UK rights to match highlights, £1,136,083 for each live UK air of their games and £39,090,596 for all overseas rights ), commercial rights ( a flat fee of £4,759,404 ) and a notional standard of “ deservingness ” which was based upon concluding league stead. [ 6 ] The deserve part was a nominal sum of £1,941,609 multiplied by each finishing identify, counted from the foot of the table ( e.g., Burnley finished 16th in May 2017, five places counting upwards, and received 5 × £1,941,609 = £9,708,045 merit requital ). [ 6 ]
delegating
Since its split with the Football League, established clubs in the Premier League have a financing disparity from counterparts in lower leagues. gross from television rights between the leagues has played a separate in this. [ 128 ] Promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid delegating in their first Premier League season. One Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League every season, save the 2001–02, 2011–12 and 2017–18 seasons. In the 1997–98 season, all three promoted clubs were relegated by the season ‘s end. [ 129 ] The Premier League distributes a parcel of its television gross as “ parachute payments ” to relegated clubs for allowance to television receiver tax income loss. The average Premier League team receives £41 million [ 130 ] while the median Championship club receives £2 million. [ 131 ] Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in overindulgence of £60 million over four seasons. [ 132 ] Critics maintain that the payments widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, [ 133 ] leading to the coarse occurrence of teams “ bouncing binding “ soon after their delegating. Clubs which have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League have seen fiscal problems, in some cases administration or elimination. foster relegations down the footballing ladder have occurred for multiple clubs unable to cope with the gap. [ 134 ] [ 135 ]
Media coverage
United Kingdom and Ireland
| Seasons | Sky | Others | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–2001 | 60 | – | 60 | |||
| 2001–2004 | 110 | 110 | ||||
| 2004–2007 | 138 | 138 | ||||
| 2007–2009 | 92 | Setanta | 46 | – | 138 | |
| 2009–2010 | 92 | ESPN | 46 | 138 | ||
| 2010–2013 | 115 | ESPN | 23 | 138 | ||
| 2013–2016 | 116 | BT | 38 | 154 | ||
| 2016–2019 | 126 | 42 | 168 | |||
| 2019–2022 | 128 | 52 | Amazon | 20 | 200 | |
television receiver has played a major function in the history of the Premier League. The League ‘s decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the clock time a radical decisiveness, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television receiver was an about unseasoned proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch survive televised football. however, a combination of Sky ‘s strategy, the choice of Premier League football and the public ‘s appetite for the game has seen the rate of the Premier League ‘s television receiver rights soar. [ 21 ] The Premier League sells its television receiver rights on a collective footing. This is in contrast to some other european leagues, including La Liga, in which each cabaret sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the sum income going to the top few clubs. [ 136 ] The money is divided into three parts : [ 137 ] half is divided equally between the clubs ; one quarter is awarded on a deserve basis based on final league military position, the top club getting twenty dollar bill times vitamin a much as the penetrate club, and equal steps all the room down the table ; the final draw is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from oversea rights is divided equally between the twenty dollar bill clubs. [ 138 ] not all Premier League matches are televised in the United Kingdom, as the league upholds the long-standing prohibition on telecasts of any association football match ( domestic or differently ) that kicks off between 2:45 post meridiem and 5:15 post meridiem on Saturday matchdays. [ 139 ] [ 140 ] [ 141 ] The first Sky television receiver rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons. [ 142 ] The next narrow, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons. [ 142 ] The third contract was a £1.024 billion manage with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001 to 2002 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004 to 2005 to 2006–07. It sold the rights itself on a territory-by-territory basis. [ 143 ] Sky ‘s monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the european Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television party. Sky and Setanta paid £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by storm as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid emergence. Setanta besides hold rights to a bouncy 3 promethium match entirely for irish viewers. The BBC has retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons ( on Match of the Day ) for £171.6 million, a 63 per penny increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three-year period. [ 144 ] Sky and BT have agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games ( that is the right to broadcast them in entire on television and over the internet ) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 autopsy on matchday. [ 145 ] Overseas television rights fetched £625 million, closely double the previous condense. [ 146 ] The total raised from these deals is more than £2.7 billion, giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010. [ 147 ]
The television rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a trust, and a number of court cases have arisen as a consequence. [ 148 ] An investigation by the Office of Fair trade in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the yield television sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position. [ 149 ] In July 1999 the Premier League ‘s method of selling rights jointly for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, which concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest. [ 150 ] The BBC ‘s highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, arsenic well as early evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016. [ 151 ] Television rights entirely for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion. [ 152 ] On 22 June 2009, ascribable to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million requital to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season a well as a box of 23 matches per season from 2010 to 2011 to 2012–13. [ 153 ] On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14, 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky, which paid £760 million-a-year. The sum domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2 % over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights. [ 154 ] The prize of the license deal rose by another 70.2 % in 2015, when Sky and BT paid £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season. [ 155 ] A new rights cycle began in the 2019–20 temper, with the domestic software increasing to 200 matches overall ; in February 2018, BT were awarded the package of 32 lunchtime fixtures on Saturdays, while Sky was awarded four of the seven packages, covering the majority of weekend fixtures ( including eight newfangled prime time fixtures on Saturdays ), a well as Monday and Friday matches. Two remaining packages of 20 fixtures each were to be sold at a late date, including three rounds of mid-week fixtures and a bank holiday orotund. As Sky already owned the utmost issue of matches it could hold without breaching a 148-match cap, it was speculated that at least one of the new packages could go to a new entrant, such as a cyclosis service. The five packages sold to BT and Sky were valued at £4.464 billion. [ 156 ] In June 2018, it was announced that Amazon Prime Video and BT had acquired the remaining two packages ; Amazon acquired rights to 20 matches per-season, covering a mid-week round in December, and all Boxing Day fixtures. [ 157 ] The Amazon telecasts are produced in association with Sunset + Vine and BT Sport. [ 158 ] With the resumption of play in the 2019–20 Premier League ascribable to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the Premier League announced that all remaining matches would be carried on british television, split chiefly across Sky, BT, and Amazon. A big phone number of these matches were besides scheduled for free-to-air broadcasts, with Sky airing 25 on Pick, Amazon streaming its four matches on Twitch, and the BBC – for the first time in league history – carrying four populate matches. [ 159 ] [ 160 ] [ 161 ] [ 162 ] As matches would continue to be played without spectators upon the start of the 2020–21 Premier League, its clubs voted on 8 September to continue broadcasting all matches through at least September ( with the BBC and Amazon each holding one extra equal ), and “ allow arrangements ” being made for October. [ 163 ] [ 164 ] It was later announced that matches not selected for air would be carried on pay-per-view via BT Sport Box Office and Sky Box Office at a monetary value of £14.95 per-match. The PPV scheme was poorly-received ; the Football Supporters ‘ Federation felt that the price was besides high, and there were concerns that it could encourage plagiarism. There were calls from supporters to boycott the pay-per-views, and make donations to support charitable causes alternatively ( with Newcastle ‘s “ Charity not PPV ” crusade raising £20,000 for a local food trust, and Arsenal fans raising £34,000 for Islington Giving ). On 13 November, amid the reintroduction of measures across the UK, the Premier League formally announced that the non-televised matches would be assigned to its main broadcast partners, and again including extra matches for the BBC and Amazon. [ 165 ] [ 166 ] [ 167 ] [ 168 ] UK highlights
In August 2016, it was announced the BBC would be creating a modern magazine-style show for the Premier League entitled The Premier League Show. [ 169 ]
Worldwide
The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential television receiver hearing of 4.7 billion people ,. [ 7 ] The Premier League ‘s production arm, Premier League Productions, is operated by IMG Productions and produces all content for its external television partners. [ 170 ] The Premier League is the most widely distributed sports course of study in Asia. [ 171 ] In Australia, Optus telecommunications holds exclusive rights to the Premier League, providing hot broadcasts and on-line access ( Fox Sports once held rights ). [ 172 ] In India, the matches are air bouncy on STAR Sports. In China, the circulate rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season. [ 173 ] As of the 2019–20 temper, canadian air rights to the Premier League are owned by DAZN, after having been jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN from 2013 to 2014. [ 174 ] The Premier League is broadcast in the United States by NBC Sports, a division of Sky rear Comcast. [ 175 ] Acquiring the rights to the Premier League in 2013 ( replacing Fox Soccer and ESPN ), NBC Sports has been wide praised for its coverage. [ 176 ] [ 177 ] [ 178 ] NBC Sports reached a six-year reference with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league until the end of the 2021–22 season in a softwood valued at $ 1 billion ( £640 million ). [ 179 ] [ 180 ] In November 2021, NBC reached another six-year extension through 2028 in a deal valued at $ 2.76 billion ( £2 billion ). [ 181 ] [ 182 ] The Premier League is broadcast by SuperSport across sub-saharan Africa. [ 183 ] Broadcasters to continental Europe until 2025 include Canal+ for France, [ 184 ] Sky Sport for Germany and Austria, [ 185 ] Match television for Russia, [ 186 ] Sky Sport for Italy, [ 187 ] Eleven Sports for Portugal, [ 188 ] DAZN for Spain, [ 189 ] beIN Sports to Turkey, [ 190 ] and NENT to Nordic countries ( Sweden, Denmark and Norway ), [ 191 ] Poland and the Netherlands. [ 192 ] In South America, ESPN covers much of the continent, [ 193 ] with coverage in Brazil shared between ESPN Brasil and Fox Sports. [ 194 ] [ 195 ] SKY México broadcasts the league in Central America. [ 196 ]
Stadiums
As of the 2017–18 season, Premier League football has been played in 58 stadiums since the formation of the division. [ 197 ] The Hillsborough catastrophe in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished. As a result, all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums. [ 200 ] Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2017–18 season show a bombastic disparity in capacity. For exemplar, Wembley Stadium, the irregular home of Tottenham Hotspur, has a capacity of 90,000 while Dean Court, the home of AFC Bournemouth, has a capacity of 11,360. [ 201 ] [ 202 ] The unite entire capacity of the Premier League in the 2017–18 temper is 806,033 with an average capacity of 40,302. [ 201 ] stadium attendances are a significant reservoir of regular income for Premier League clubs. [ 203 ] For the 2016–17 temper, average attendances across the league clubs were 35,838 for Premier League matches with an aggregate attendance of 13,618,596. [ 204 ] This represents an increase of 14,712 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the Premier League ‘s first base season ( 1992–93 ). [ 205 ] however, during the 1992–93 season, the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in arrange to meet the Taylor Report ‘s 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. [ 206 ] [ 207 ] The Premier League ‘s record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. [ 208 ] This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an median attendance of 36,695 with an attendance of fair under 14 million, the highest average in England ‘s acme flight since 1950. [ 209 ]
Managers
Managers in the Premier League are involved in the daily carry of the team, including the prepare, team choice and musician learning. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the clubhouse and the kinship of the director with fans. [ 210 ] Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA ‘B ‘ and ‘A ‘ Licences. [ 211 ] The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis ( i.e., more than 12 weeks, the sum of time an incompetent caretaker coach is allowed to take restraint ). [ 212 ] Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a fresh date. several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker, including Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur. Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving director, having been in charge of Arsenal in the Premier League from 1996 to his deviation at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the read for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the criminal record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League ‘s origin to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 temper, meaning he was director for the death five years of the honest-to-god Football League First Division and all of the first 21 seasons of the Premier League. [ 213 ] There have been several studies into the reasoning behind, and effects of, managerial sackings. Most excellently, Professor Sue Bridgewater of the University of Liverpool and Dr. Bas ter Weel of the University of Amsterdam, performed two divide studies which helped to explain the statistics behind managerial sackings. Bridgewater ‘s discipline found clubs broadly sack their managers upon dropping below an average of one point per match. [ 214 ]
former Manchester United coach Sir Alex Ferguson was the second gear longest-serving and most successful coach in Premier League history .
Players
Appearances
transfer regulations and alien players
Player transfers may alone take place within transfer windows set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations can not be exchanged outside these windows except under specific license from the FA, normally on an emergency footing. [ 216 ] As of the 2010–11 temper, the Premier League introduced raw rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man team of players aged over 21, with the police squad list only allowed to be changed in transplant windows or in exceptional circumstances. [ 217 ] [ 218 ] This was to enable the “ home grow ” rule to be enacted, whereby the Premier League would besides from 2010 want at least eight members of the named 25-man police squad to be “ home-grown players ”. [ 217 ] At the origin of the Premier League in 1992–93, just 11 players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of golf of matches hailed from external of the United Kingdom or Ireland. [ 219 ] By 2000–01, the numeral of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 % of the total. In the 2004–05 season, the design had increased to 45 %. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first base Premier League side to field an wholly foreign starting line-up, [ 220 ] and on 14 February 2005, Arsenal were the first to name a completely extraneous 16-man team for a match. [ 221 ] By 2009, under 40 % of the players in the Premier League were English. [ 222 ] By February 2020, 117 unlike nationalities had played in the Premier League, and 101 nationalities had scored in the competition. [ 223 ] In 1999, in reaction to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over youthful english players in favor of extraneous players, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. [ 224 ] A non-EU player applying for the allow must have played for his state in at least 75 per cent of its competitive ‘A ‘ team matches for which he was available for choice during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least seventieth place in the official FIFA universe rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal. [ 225 ] Following the implementation of Brexit in January 2021, newfangled regulations were introduced which require all extraneous players to obtain a Governing Body Endorsement ( GBE ) in order to play football in the United Kingdom, careless of EU condition. [ 226 ]
top scorers
Alan Shearer is the top scorer in Premier League history with 260 goals.
- As of 24 November 2021[227]
| Rank | Player | Years | Goals | Apps | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
1992–2006 | 260 | 441 | 0.59 |
| 2 |
|
2002–2018 | 208 | 491 | 0.42 |
| 3 |
|
1992–2008 | 187 | 414 | 0.45 |
| 4 | 
|
2011–2021 | 184 | 275 | 0.67 |
| 5 |
|
1995–2015 | 177 | 609 | 0.29 |
| 6 | 
|
1999–2007 2012 |
175 | 258 | 0.68 |
| 7 |
|
2012– | 167 | 256 | 0.65 |
| 8 |
|
1993–2009 | 163 | 379 | 0.43 |
| 9 |
|
2001–2003 2004–2014 2015–2019 |
162 | 496 | 0.33 |
| 10 |
|
1996–2004 2005–2013 |
150 | 326 | 0.46 |
Italics denotes players still playing professional football,
Bold denotes players still playing in the Premier League .
The Premier League Golden Boot is awarded each temper to the top scorekeeper in the division. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. [ 228 ] twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal punctuate. [ 229 ] Since the first Premier League temper in 1992–93, 23 players from 11 clubs have won or shared the peak scorekeeper title. [ 230 ] Thierry Henry won his fourthly overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season ( 34 ) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. [ 231 ] Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the read for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the foremost 21 seasons of the league. [ 232 ] Giggs besides holds the record for the most Premier League assists, with 162. [ 233 ]
Wages
There is no team or individual wage capital in the Premier League. As a result of the increasingly lucrative television deals, musician wages rose sharply following the formation of the Premier League when the average player wage was £75,000 per year. [ 234 ] In the 2018–19 season the average annual wage stand at £2.99 million. The total wage placard for the 20 Premier League clubs in the 2018–19 temper was £1.62bn ; this compares to £1.05bn in La Liga, £0.83bn in Serie A, £0.72bn in Bundesliga, and £0.54bn in Ligue 1. The club with the highest average wages is Manchester United at £6.5m. This is smaller than the club with the highest wage bill in Spain ( Barcelona £10.5m ), and Italy ( Juventus £6.7m ), but higher than in Germany ( Bayern Munich £6.4m ), and France ( Paris Saint-Germain 6.1m ). For the 2018–19 season the proportion of the wages of the highest-paid team to lowest-paid in the Premier League is 6.82 to 1. This is much lower than in La Liga ( 19.1 to 1 ), Serie A ( 16 to 1 ), Bundesliga ( 20.5 to 1 ), and Ligue 1 ( 26.6 to 1 ). Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League, it is often regard as being more competitive than other top european leagues. [ 235 ]
Player transfer fees
The record transfer tip for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the life of the competition. Prior to the begin of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first british actor to command a transfer tip of more than £3 million. [ 236 ] The record has increased steadily and Philippe Coutinho is immediately the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer tip paid by a Premier League club is £100 million for Jack Grealish .
- ^ plus another €5 million in extra bonuses .
- ^ plus £15 million in bonuses .
- ^ plus reported €40 million bonuses
Awards
trophy
The Premier League trophy
The gold Premier League trophy awarded to Arsenal for winning the 2003–04 style without get the better of The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy ( held by the reigning champions ) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held for the determination of making the award within minutes of the entitle being secured, in the consequence that on the final day of the season two clubs are still within range of winning the League. [ 262 ] In the rare event that more than two clubs are vying for the style on the final day of the season, a replica won by a previous club is used. [ 263 ] The current Premier League trophy was created by Royal Jewellers Asprey of London. It consists of a trophy with a gold crown and a malachite pedestal basal. The pedestal weighs 33 pounds ( 15 kilogram ) and the trophy weighs 22 pounds ( 10.0 kilogram ). [ 264 ] The trophy and pedestal are 76 cm ( 30 in ) tall, 43 curium ( 17 in ) across-the-board and 25 centimeter ( 9.8 in ) bass. [ 265 ] Its independent body is solid sterling ash grey and flatware gilt, while its pedestal is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The pedestal has a silver isthmus around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. The green of the malachite represents the greens field of play. [ 265 ] The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title-winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his fountainhead at the end of the season. [ 266 ] The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team tinge of the league champions that year. In 2004, a extra aureate translation of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the style without a individual defeat. [ 267 ]
Player and coach awards
In addition to the achiever ‘s trophy and the individual winner ‘s medals awarded to players who win the championship, the Premier League besides issues other awards throughout the season. A man-of-the-match prize is awarded to the musician who has the greatest shock in an person match. monthly awards are besides given for the Manager of the Month, Player of the Month and Goal of the Month. [ 268 ] These are besides issued annually for Manager of the Season, [ 269 ] Player of the Season. [ 270 ] and Goal of the Season. The Young Player of the Season award is given to the most outstanding U-23 actor starting from the 2019–20 season. [ 271 ] The Golden Boot award is given to the top goalscorer of every season, the Playmaker of the Season award is given to the player who makes the most assists of every temper, [ 272 ] and the Golden Glove award is given to the goalkeeper with the most scavenge sheets at the end of the temper. [ 273 ] From the 2017–18 temper, players besides receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century there after and besides players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof. Each player to reach these milestones is to receive a display corner from the Premier League containing a special medallion and a brass commemorating their accomplishment. [ 274 ]
20 Seasons Awards
In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards : [ 275 ]
See besides
References
- Bibliography
- Hammam, Sam (14 January 2000). The Wimbledon We Have. London: Wimbledon FC.
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