Instagram - Wikipedia

Social network service
“ Insta ” redirects here. For the food rescue service, see Instacart. For the song by Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, see Instagram ( song )
Instagram [ a ] is an american english photograph and video sharing social network service founded by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. In April 2012, Facebook Inc. acquired the service for approximately US $ 1 billion in cash and store. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographic tag. Posts can be shared publicly or with pre-approved followers. Users can browse other users ‘ content by tags and locations and opinion swerve content. Users can like photos and follow early users to add their content to a personal feed. [ 10 ]

Reading: Instagram – Wikipedia

Instagram was originally distinguished by only allowing content to be framed in a square ( 1:1 ) view ratio with 640 pixels to match the display width of the iPhone at the time. In 2015, these restrictions were eased with an increase to 1080 pixels. The service besides added message features, the ability to include multiple images or videos in a unmarried stake, and a ‘stories ‘ feature—similar to its main enemy Snapchat —which allows users to post photos and videos to a consecutive feed, with each mail accessible by others for 24 hours each. As of January 2019, the Stories feature is used by 500 million users casual. [ 10 ] primitively launched for io in October 2010, Instagram quickly gained popularity, with one million registered users in two months, 10 million in a year, and 1 billion as of June 2018. [ 11 ] The Android adaptation was released in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited background interface in November 2012, a Fire OS app in June 2014, and an app for Windows 10 in October 2016. As of October 2015, over 40 billion photos had been uploaded. Although praised for its influence, Instagram has been the subjugate of criticism, most notably for the negative impact on teens ‘ mental health, policy and interface changes, allegations of censoring, and illegal or improper message uploaded by users. As of December 2021, the most trace person is portuguese professional football player Cristiano Ronaldo with over 373 million followers. [ 12 ] As of January 14, 2019, the most-liked photograph on Instagram is a picture of an egg, posted by the account @ world_record_egg, created with the sole determination of surpassing the previous record of 18 million likes on a Kylie Jenner military post. As of January 2019, the movie has over 55 million likes. [ 13 ] The second base most-liked photograph is a wedding photograph of Ariana Grande and her conserve Dalton Gomez. [ 14 ] Instagram was the fourth most download mobile app of the 2010s. [ 12 ]

history

Instagram Icon since 2016 Instagram began development in San Francisco as Burbn, a mobile check-in app created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. [ 15 ] Realizing that Burbn was besides exchangeable to Foursquare, Systrom and Krieger refocused their app on photo-sharing, which had become a popular feature among Burbn users. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] They renamed the app Instagram, a blend of “ moment television camera “ and “ telegram “. [ 18 ]

2010–2011 : Beginnings and major fund

On March 5, 2010, Systrom closed a $ 500,000 seed fund polish with Baseline Ventures and Andreessen Horowitz while working on Burbn. [ 19 ] Josh Riedel joined the company in October as Community Manager, [ 20 ] Shayne Sweeney joined in November as an mastermind, [ 20 ] and Jessica Zollman joined as a Community Evangelist in August 2011. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] The first base Instagram post was a photograph of South Beach Harbor at Pier 38, posted by Mike Krieger at 5:26 PM on July 16, 2010. [ 22 ] [ 17 ] Systrom shared his first post, a word picture of a dog and his girlfriend ‘s foot, a few hours later at 9:24 PM. It has been incorrectly attributed as the first base Instagram photograph due to the earlier letter of the alphabet in its URL. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ better source needed ] On October 6, 2010, the Instagram io app was officially released through the App Store. [ 25 ] In February 2011, it was reported that Instagram had raised $ 7 million in Series A support from a variety of investors, including Benchmark Capital, Jack Dorsey, Chris Sacca ( through Capital fund ), and Adam D’Angelo. [ 26 ] The deal valued Instagram at around $ 20 million. [ 27 ] In April 2012, Instagram raised $ 50 million from guess capitalists with a $ 500 million valuation. [ 28 ] Joshua Kushner was the second largest investor in Instagram ‘s Series B fundraising polish, leading his investment firm, Thrive Capital, to double its money after the sale to Facebook. [ 29 ]

On April 3, 2012, Instagram released a interpretation of its app for Android phones, [ 30 ] [ 31 ] and it was downloaded more than one million times in less than one day. [ 32 ] The Android app has since received two meaning updates : inaugural, in March 2014, which cut the file size of the app by half and add performance improvements ; [ 33 ] [ 34 ] then in April 2017, to add an offline manner that allows users to view and interact with content without an Internet connection. At the time of the announcement, it was reported that 80 % of Instagram ‘s 600 million users were located outside the U.S., and while the aforesaid functionality was live at its announcement, Instagram besides announced its purpose to make more features available offline, and that they were “ exploring an io version ”. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] [ 37 ] On April 9, 2012, Facebook, Inc. bought Instagram for $ 1 billion in cash and stock, [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] with a design to keep the caller independently managed. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] [ 43 ] Britain ‘s Office of Fair Trading approved the deal on August 14, 2012, [ 44 ] and on August 22, 2012, the Federal Trade Commission in the U.S. closed its investigation, allowing the bargain to proceed. [ 45 ] On September 6, 2012, the deal between Instagram and Facebook formally closed with a leverage monetary value of $ 300 million in cash and 23 million shares of livestock. [ 46 ] The deal closed equitable before Facebook ‘s schedule initial populace offer according to CNN. [ 43 ] The consider price was compared to the $ 35 million yahoo ! paid for Flickr in 2005. [ 43 ] Mark Zuckerberg said Facebook was “ committed to build and growing Instagram independently. ” [ 43 ] According to Wired, the deal netted Systrom $ 400 million. [ 47 ] In November 2012, Instagram launched web site profiles, allowing anyone to see user feeds from a vane browser with express functionality, [ 48 ] angstrom good as a excerpt of badges, web doodad buttons to link to profiles. [ 49 ] Since the app ‘s launch it had used the Foursquare API technology to provide named localization tagging. In March 2014, Instagram started to test and switch the technology to use Facebook Places. [ 50 ] [ 51 ]

2015–2017 : redesign and Windows app

In June 2015, the desktop web site drug user interface was redesigned to become more flat and minimalistic, but with more screen quad for each photograph and to resemble the layout of Instagram ‘s mobile web site. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] [ 54 ] Furthermore, one row of pictures only has three alternatively of five photos to match the mobile layout. The slideshow banner [ 55 ] [ 56 ] on the top of profile pages, which simultaneously slide-showed seven word picture tiles of pictures posted by the exploiter, alternating at different times in a random order, has been removed. In summation, the once angular profile pictures became circular. In April 2016, Instagram released a Windows 10 Mobile app, after years of requirement from Microsoft and the public to release an app for the platform. [ 57 ] [ 58 ] The platform previously had a beta version of Instagram, first released on November 21, 2013, for Windows Phone 8. [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] The new app added defend for television ( viewing and creating posts or stories, and viewing exist flow ), album posts and direct messages. [ 62 ] Similarly, an app for Windows 10 personal computers and tablets was released in October 2016. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] In May, Instagram updated its mobile web site to allow users to upload photos, and to add a “ whippersnapper ” version of the Explore yellow journalism. [ 65 ] [ 66 ] On May 11, 2016, Instagram revamped its design, adding a black-and-white flatcar invention root for the app ‘s drug user interface, and a less skeuomorphistic, more abstract, “ modern ” and colorful icon. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Rumors of a redesign beginning started circulating in April, when The Verge received a screenshot from a tipster, but at the time, an Instagram spokesperson simply told the publication that it was only a concept. [ 70 ] On December 6, 2016, Instagram introduced gloss like. however, unlike post likes, the exploiter who posted a comment does not receive notifications about gloss likes in their telling inbox. Uploaders can optionally decide to deactivate comments on a post. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] [ 73 ] The mobile web front goal allows upload pictures since May 4, 2017. image filters and the ability to upload videos were not introduced then. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] On April 30, 2019, the Windows 10 Mobile app was discontinued, though the mobile web site remains available as a liberal vane lotion ( PWA ) with limited functionality. The app remains available on Windows 10 computers and tablets, besides updated to a PWA in 2020 .

2018–2019 : IGTV, removal of the like counter, management changes

To comply with the GDPR regulations regarding data portability, Instagram introduced the ability for users to download an archive of their exploiter data in April 2018. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] [ 78 ] IGTV launched on June 20, 2018, as a standalone video application. On September 24, 2018, Krieger and Systrom announced in a statement they would be stepping down from Instagram. [ 79 ] [ 80 ] On October 1, 2018, it was announced that Adam Mosseri would be the new head of Instagram. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] During Facebook F8, it was announced that Instagram would, beginning in Canada, pilot the removal of publicly-displayed “ like “ counts for content posted by other users. [ 83 ] Like counts would only be visible to the drug user who in the first place posted the content. Mosseri stated that this was intended to have users “ worry a little morsel less about how many likes they ‘re getting on Instagram and spend a bit more time connecting with the people that they care about. ” [ 84 ] [ 85 ] It has been argued that abject numbers of likes in relativity to others could contribute to a lower self-esteem in users. [ 85 ] [ 83 ] The pilot began in May 2019, and was extended to 6 other markets in July. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] The pilot was expanded cosmopolitan in November 2019. [ 87 ] besides in July 2019, Instagram announced that it would implement new features designed to reduce harassment and negative comments on the service. [ 88 ] In August 2019, Instagram besides began to pilot the removal of the “ Following ” check from the app, which had allowed users to view a feed of the likes and comments made by users they follow. The deepen was made official in October, with head of product Vishal Shah stating that the feature of speech was underused and that some users were “ surprised ” when they realized their bodily process was being surfaced in this manner. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] In October 2019, Instagram introduced a terminus ad quem on the count of posts visible in foliate scrolling modality unless logged in. Until this point, populace profiles had been available to all users, flush when not logged in. Following the transfer, after viewing a number of posts a pop-up book requires the exploiter to log in to continue viewing capacity. [ 91 ] [ 92 ] [ 93 ]

2020–present : New features

In March 2020, Instagram launched a new feature called “ Co-Watching ”. The new feature allows users to plowshare posts with each other over video recording calls. According to Instagram, they pushed forward the launch of Co-Watching in order to meet the demand for about connecting with friends and family due to social distance as a resultant role of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ 94 ] In August 2020, Instagram launched a new feature called “ Reels ”. The have is similar to TikTok. [ 95 ] Instagram besides added suggest posts in August 2020. After scrolling through posts from the past 48 hours, Instagram displays posts related to their interests from accounts they do not follow. [ 96 ] In February 2021, Instagram began testing a new feature called Vertical Stories, said by some sources to be inspired by TikTok. [ 97 ] The like month, they besides began testing the removal of ability to share feed posts to stories. [ 98 ] In March 2021, Instagram launched a new feature in which four people can go alive at once. [ 99 ] Instagram besides announced that adults would not be allowed to message teens who do n’t follow them as separate of a series of fresh child safety policies. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] In May 2021, Instagram began allowing users in some regions to add pronouns to their profile page. [ 104 ] [ 105 ] On October 4, 2021, Facebook had its worst outage since 2008. The outage besides affected other platforms owned by Facebook, such as Instagram and WhatsApp. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] Security experts identified the trouble as possibly being DNS -related. [ 108 ]

negative effect on adolescent girls ’ mental health

Facebook has known for years that its Instagram app is harmful to a number of teenagers, according to inquiry seen by the Wall Street Journal, but the company concealed the cognition from lawmakers. [ 109 ] Internal Facebook presentations seen by the WSJ in 2021 show that Instagram is toxic to a goodly share of its users, particularly adolescent girls. More than 40 % of Instagram ’ randomness users are under 23 years erstwhile. “ We make soundbox picture issues worse for one in three adolescent girls, ” said a swoop from a 2019 presentation. “ Teens incrimination Instagram for increases in the rate of anxiety and low, ” said another. “ This reaction was impulsive and reproducible across all groups. ” The presentations were seen by the company ’ sulfur executives and the findings mentioned to Mark Zuckerberg in 2020. But when asked in March 2021 about Instagram ’ s impression on unseasoned people, Zuckerberg defended the company ’ s plan to launch an Instagram product for children under 13. When asked by senators for its inner findings on the impingement of Instagram on youth mental health, Facebook sent a six-page letter but did not include the company ’ s research. The company told Forbes its research is “ keep confidential to promote frank and unfold dialogue and brainstorming internally. ” [ 110 ] In a blog stake, Instagram said the WSJ story “ focuses on a limit bent of findings and casts them in a minus fall. ” [ 111 ] On September 27, 2021, weeks after the WSJ composition was released, Facebook announced it “ hesitate ” development of Instagram Kids, the Instagram product aimed at children. The caller stated it was looking into concerns raised by the regulators and parents. Adam Mosseri stated that the company would return to the stick out as “ [ thymine ] he reality is that kids are already on-line, and we believe that developing age-appropriate experiences designed specifically for them is far better for parents than where we are nowadays. ” [ 112 ] [ 113 ]

An original photograph ( left ) is mechanically cropped to a square by Instagram, and has a filter added at the selection of the drug user ( right ) . A photograph collage of an unrefined image ( top leave ) modified with the 16 different Instagram filters available in 2011 Users can upload photograph and short video, follow other users ‘ feeds, [ 114 ] and geotag images with the diagnose of a location. [ 115 ] Users can set their account as “ secret ”, thereby requiring that they approve any new follower requests. [ 116 ] Users can connect their Instagram bill to other social network sites, enabling them to share upload photograph to those sites. [ 117 ] In September 2011, a new version of the app included newly and exist filters, blink of an eye tilt–shift, high-resolution photograph, optional borders, one-click rotation, and an update picture. [ 118 ] [ 119 ] Photos were initially restricted to a square, 1:1 aspect proportion ; since August 2015, the app supports portrait and widescreen aspect ratios deoxyadenosine monophosphate well. [ 120 ] [ 121 ] [ 122 ] Users could once view a map of a user ‘s geotagged photograph. The feature was removed in September 2016, citing moo custom. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] Since December 2016, posts can be “ saved ” into a private area of the app. [ 125 ] [ 126 ] The have was updated in April 2017 to let users organize spare posts into named collections. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] Users can besides “ archive ” their posts in a individual memory area, out of visibility for the public and early users. The move was seen as a way to prevent users from deleting photos that do n’t garner a desire number of “ likes ” or are deemed boring, but besides as a way to limit the “ emergent behavior ” of deleting photos, which deprives the service of contentedness. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] In August, Instagram announced that it would start organizing comments into threads, letting users more well interact with replies. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] Since February 2017, up to ten pictures or videos can be included in a individual stake, with the contentedness appearing as a swipeable carousel. [ 133 ] [ 134 ] The have primitively limited photos to the square format, but received an update in August to enable portrait and landscape photos rather. [ 135 ] [ 136 ] In April 2018, Instagram launched its adaptation of a portrait mode called “ stress mode, ” which gently blurs the background of a photograph or video while keeping the subject in focus when selected. [ 137 ] In November, Instagram began to support Alt text to add descriptions of photos for the visually impaired. They are either generated mechanically using aim recognition ( using existing Facebook technology ) or manually specified by the uploader. [ 138 ] On March 1, 2021, Instagram launched a new feature of speech named Instagram Live “ Rooms ” Let Four People Go Live in concert. [ 139 ] In May 2021, Instagram announced a newly handiness sport for video on Instagram Reels and Stories to allow creators to place conclude captions on their content. [ 140 ]

In January 2011, Instagram introduced hashtags to help users discover both photos and each other. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] Instagram encourages users to make tags both specific and relevant, rather than tagging generic words like “ photograph ”, to make photograph stand out and to attract like-minded Instagram users. [ 143 ] Users on Instagram have created “ trends ” through hashtags. The trends deemed the most popular on the platform often highlight a specific sidereal day of the workweek to post the fabric on. Examples of popular trends include # SelfieSunday, in which users post a photograph of their faces on Sundays ; # MotivationMonday, in which users post motivational photos on Mondays ; # TransformationTuesday, in which users post photos highlighting differences from the past to the present ; # WomanCrushWednesday, in which users post photos of women they have a romanticist concern in or view favorably, american samoa good as its # ManCrushMonday counterpart centered on men ; and # ThrowbackThursday, in which users post a photograph from their past, highlighting a particular here and now. [ 144 ] [ 145 ] In December 2017, Instagram began to allow users to follow hashtags, which display relevant highlights of the subject in their feeds. [ 146 ] [ 147 ]

explore

In June 2012, Instagram introduced “ Explore ”, a yellow journalism inside the app that displays popular photos, photos taken at nearby locations, and search. [ 148 ] The check was updated in June 2015 to feature trending tags and places, curated content, and the ability to search for locations. [ 149 ] In April 2016, Instagram added a “ Videos You Might Like ” transmit to the yellow journalism, [ 150 ] [ 151 ] followed by an “ Events ” channel in August, featuring videos from concerts, sports games, and other live events, [ 152 ] [ 153 ] followed by the addition of Instagram Stories in October. [ 154 ] [ 155 ] The pill was late expanded again in November 2016 after Instagram Live launched to display an algorithmically-curated page of the “ best ” Instagram Live videos presently airing. [ 156 ] In May 2017, Instagram once again updated the Explore tab key to promote populace Stories capacity from nearby places. [ 157 ]

photographic filters

Instagram offers a numeral of photographic filters that users can apply to their images. In February 2012, Instagram added a “ Lux ” filter, an effect that “ lighten shadows, darkens highlights and increases contrast ”. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] In December 2014, Slumber, Crema, Ludwig, Aden, and Perpetua were five newfangled filters to be added to the Instagram percolate family. [ 160 ]

video recording

initially a strictly photo-sharing overhaul, Instagram incorporated 15-second video sharing in June 2013. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] The addition was seen by some in the technology media as Facebook ‘s attempt at competing with the then-popular video-sharing application Vine. [ 163 ] [ 164 ] In August 2015, Instagram added support for widescreen videos. [ 165 ] [ 166 ] In March 2016, Instagram increased the 15-second video recording limit to 60 seconds. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] Albums were introduced in February 2017, which allow up to 10 minutes of video recording to be shared in one post. [ 133 ] [ 134 ] [ 169 ]

IGTV

IGTV is a erect video recording application launched by Instagram [ 170 ] in June 2018. basic functionality is besides available within the Instagram app and web site. IGTV allows uploads of up to 10 minutes in length with a file size of up to 650 MB, with verify and popular users allowed to upload videos of up to 60 minutes in length with a charge size of up to 5.4 GB. [ 171 ] The app automatically begins playing videos a soon as it is launched, which CEO Kevin Systrom contrasted to video hosts where one must first locate a video recording. [ 172 ] [ 173 ] [ 174 ]

Reels

In November 2019, it was reported that Instagram had begun to pilot a newly video sport known as “ Reels ” in Brazil, expanding to France and Germany afterwards. [ 175 ] It is like in functionality to the chinese video-sharing service TikTok, with a concenter on allowing users to record short videos set to preexistent sound clips from other posts. [ 176 ] Users could make up to 15 ( late 30 ) second television using this sport. [ 177 ] Reels besides integrates with existing Instagram filters and editing tools. [ 171 ] In July 2020, Instagram rolled out Reels to India after TikTok was banned in the area. [ 178 ] The following calendar month, Reels formally launched in 50 countries including the United States, Canada and United Kingdom. [ 179 ] Instagram has recently introduced a reel button on home page. [ 180 ] On June 17, 2021, Instagram launched full-screen advertisements in Reels. The ads are similar to regular reels and can run improving to 30 seconds. They are distinguished from regular content by the “ sponsor ” tag under the bill name. [ 181 ]

Instagram Direct

In December 2013, Instagram announced Instagram Direct, a feature that lets users interact through private message. Users who follow each other can send individual messages with photos and videos, in contrast to the public-only prerequisite that was previously in place. When users receive a secret message from person they do n’t follow, the message is marked as pending and the exploiter must accept to see it. Users can send a photograph to a maximum of 15 people. [ 182 ] [ 183 ] [ 184 ] The feature received a major update in September 2015, adding conversation thread and making it possible for users to share locations, hashtag pages, and profiles through private messages directly from the newsworthiness feed. additionally, users can now reply to secret messages with text, emoji or by clicking on a kernel icon. A camera inside Direct lets users take a photograph and send it to the recipient role without leaving the conversation. [ 185 ] [ 186 ] [ 187 ] A new update in November 2016 let users make their individual messages “ melt ” after being viewed by the recipient role, with the sender receiving a presentment if the recipient role takes a screenshot. [ 188 ] [ 189 ] In April 2017, Instagram redesigned Direct to combine all secret messages, both permanent and ephemeron, into the same message threads. [ 190 ] [ 191 ] [ 192 ] In May, Instagram made it possible to send web site links in messages, and besides added support for sending photos in their master portrait or landscape orientation without cropping. [ 193 ] [ 194 ] In April 2020, Direct became accessible from the Instagram web site, allowing users to send direct messages from a web version using WebSocket engineering. [ 195 ] In August 2020, Facebook started merging Instagram Direct into Facebook Messenger. After the update ( which is rolled out to a segment of the user basis ) the Instagram Direct icon transforms into Facebook Messenger icon. [ 196 ] In March 2021, a have was added that prevents adults from messaging users under 18 who do not follow them as character of a series of raw child guard policies. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] [ 102 ]

Instagram Stories

In August 2016, Instagram launched Instagram Stories, a feature of speech that allows users to take photos, add effects and layers, and add them to their Instagram history. Images uploaded to a user ‘s narrative run out after 24 hours. The media noted the feature ‘s similarities to Snapchat. [ 197 ] [ 198 ] In response to criticism that it copied functionality from Snapchat, CEO Kevin Systrom told Recode that “ Day One : Instagram was a combination of Hipstamatic, Twitter [ and ] some stuff from Facebook like the ‘Like ‘ button. You can trace the roots of every feature anyone has in their app, somewhere in the history of engineering ”. Although Systrom acknowledged the criticism as “ bazaar ”, Recode wrote that “ he likened the two social apps ‘ common features to the car industry : multiple car companies can coexist, with enough differences among them that they serve unlike consumer audiences ”. Systrom further stated that “ When we adopted [ Stories ], we decided that one of the in truth annoy things about the format is that it equitable kept going and you could n’t pause it to look at something, you could n’t rewind. We did all that, we implemented that. ” He besides told the publication that Snapchat “ did n’t have filters, in the first place. They adopted filters because Instagram had filters and a distribute of others were trying to adopt filters ampere well. ” [ 199 ] [ 200 ] In November, Instagram added live video functionality to Instagram Stories, allowing users to broadcast themselves live, with the video disappearing immediately after ending. [ 201 ] [ 156 ] In January 2017, Instagram launched skippable ads, where five-second photograph and 15-second television ads appear in-between different stories. [ 202 ] [ 203 ] [ 204 ] In April 2017, Instagram Stories incorporated augment reality stickers, a “ clone ” of Snapchat ‘s functionality. [ 205 ] [ 206 ] [ 204 ] In May 2017, Instagram expanded the augment world gummed label feature to support side filters, letting users add specific ocular features onto their faces. [ 207 ] [ 208 ] belated in May, TechCrunch reported about tests of a Location Stories feature in Instagram Stories, where public Stories content at a certain localization are compiled and displayed on a business, landmark or place ‘s Instagram page. [ 209 ] A few days late, Instagram announced “ narrative search ”, in which users can search for geographic locations or hashtags and the app displays relevant public Stories message featuring the search condition. [ 157 ] [ 210 ] In June 2017, Instagram revised its live-video functionality to allow users to add their live broadcast to their report for handiness in the next 24 hours, or discard the circulate immediately. [ 211 ] In July, Instagram started allowing users to respond to Stories content by sending photos and videos, complete with Instagram effects such as filters, stickers, and hashtags. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] Stories were made available for viewing on Instagram ‘s mobile and background websites in late August 2017. [ 214 ] [ 215 ] On December 5, 2017, Instagram introduced “ history Highlights ”, [ 216 ] besides known as “ permanent wave Stories ”, which are like to Instagram Stories, but do n’t expire. They appear as circles below the profile picture and biography and are accessible from the desktop web site a well. In June 2018, the daily active report users of Instagram had reached 400 million users, and monthly active users had reached 1 billion active users. [ 217 ]

advertising

Emily White joined Instagram as Director of Business Operations in April 2013. [ 218 ] [ 219 ] She stated in an consultation with The Wall Street Journal in September 2013 that the company should be fix to begin selling advertise by September 2014 as a way to generate business from a popular entity that had not yet created profit for its parent company. [ 220 ] White left Instagram in December 2013 to join Snapchat. [ 221 ] [ 222 ] In August 2014, James Quarles became Instagram ‘s Global Head of Business and Brand Development, tasked with overseeing ad, sales efforts, and developing new “ monetization products ”, according to a spokesperson. [ 223 ] In October 2013, Instagram announced that television and double ads would soon appear in feeds for users in the United States, [ 224 ] [ 225 ] with the first image advertisements displaying on November 1, 2013. [ 226 ] [ 227 ] Video ads followed closely a year late on October 30, 2014. [ 228 ] [ 229 ] In June 2014, Instagram announced the rollout of ads in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, [ 230 ] with ads starting to roll out that fall. [ 231 ] In March 2015, Instagram announced it would implement “ carousel ads, ” allowing advertisers to display multiple images with options for linking to extra contentedness. [ 232 ] [ 233 ] The company launched carousel image ads in October 2015, [ 234 ] [ 235 ] and video carousel ads in March 2016. [ 236 ] In February 2016, Instagram announced that it had 200,000 advertisers on the chopine. [ 237 ] This number increased to 500,000 by September 2016, [ 238 ] and 1 million in March 2017. [ 239 ] [ 240 ] In May 2016, Instagram launched fresh tools for occupation accounts, including clientele profiles, analytics and the ability to promote posts as ads. To access the tools, businesses had to link a match Facebook page. [ 241 ] The new analytics page, known as Instagram Insights, allowed business accounts to view lead posts, range, impressions, date and demographic data. [ 241 ] Insights rolled out beginning in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, and expanded to the rest of the world late in 2016. [ 242 ] [ 241 ] [ 243 ] In November 2018, Instagram added the ability for occupation accounts to add merchandise links directing users to a purchase page or to save them to a “ shopping list. ” [ 244 ] In April 2019, Instagram added the option to “ Checkout on Instagram, ” which allows merchants to sell products directly through the Instagram app. [ 245 ] In March 2020, via a blog post, Instagram announced that they are making major moderation changes in holy order to decrease the flow of disinformation, hoaxes and fake news regarding COVID-19 on its chopine, “ We ‘ll remove COVID-19 accounts from account recommendations, and we are working to remove some COVID-19 related subject from Explore unless posted by a credible health arrangement. We will besides start to downrank contented in feed and Stories that has been rated faithlessly by third-party fact-checkers. ” [ 246 ] In June 2021, Instagram launched a native affiliate selling cock creators can use to earn commissions based on sales. Commission-enabled posts are labeled “ Eligible for Commission ” on the drug user side to identify them as consort posts. plunge partners included Sephora, MAC, and Kopari. [ 247 ]

Stand-alone apps

Instagram has developed and released three stand-alone apps with specialize functionality. In July 2014, it released Bolt, a message app where users click on a friend ‘s visibility photograph to cursorily send an double, with the content disappear after being seen. [ 248 ] [ 249 ] It was followed by the publish of Hyperlapse in August, an iOS-exclusive app that uses “ apt algorithm serve ” to create tracking shots and fast time-lapse video. [ 250 ] [ 251 ] Microsoft launched a Hyperlapse app for Android and Windows in May 2015, but there has been no official Hyperlapse app from Instagram for either of these platforms to date. [ 252 ] In October 2015, it released Boomerang, a video app that combines photos into shortstop, one-second video recording that play back-and-forth in a closed circuit. [ 253 ] [ 254 ]

Third-party services

The popularity of Instagram has led to a kind of third-party services designed to integrate with it, including services for creating contentedness to post on the avail and generating content from Instagram photos ( including physical print-outs ), analytics, and alternate clients for platforms with insufficient or no official support from Instagram ( such as in the past, iPads ). [ 255 ] [ 256 ] In November 2015, Instagram announced that effective June 1, 2016, it would end “ feed ” API access to its platform in regulate to “ maintain control for the community and provide a clear roadmap for developers ” and “ set up a more sustainable environment built around authentic experiences on the platform ”, including those oriented towards content creation, publishers, and advertisers. additionally, third-party clients have been prohibited from using the text strings “ insta ” or “ gram ” in their appoint. [ 257 ] It was reported that these changes were primarily intended to discourage third-party clients replicating the stallion Instagram feel ( due to increasing monetization of the service ), and security reasons ( such as preventing pervert by automated click farms, and the highjacking of accounts ). In the inflame of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, Instagram began to impose foster restrictions on its API in 2018. [ 256 ] [ 258 ] [ 259 ] For inexhaustible crop of public Instagram profiles without having to create an account, vitamin a well as for anonymous shop of person else ‘s Stories, has to use the Instagram profiles viewer. [ 260 ] Stories are more authentic than distinctive photos posted as posts because users know that in 24 hours their Stories will disappear if they do n’t add them as highlighted [ 261 ] ( however users can check who saw their report for 48 hours after it was published [ 262 ] ). For this reason, they are identical valuable for marketplace inquiry. [ 263 ]

Fact checking

On December 16, 2019, Facebook announced it would expand its fact checking programs towards Instagram, [ 264 ] by using third-party fact-checkers organizations faithlessly information is able to be identified, reviewed and labeled as false information. content when rated as false or partially false is removed from the research page and hashtag pages, additionally content rated as false or partially false are labeled as such. With the accession of Facebook fact-checking program came the use of image matching technology to find promote instances of misinformation. If a piece of contentedness is labeled false or partially false on Facebook or Instagram then duplicates of such subject will besides be labeled as false. [ 265 ]

Algorithm and design changes

In April 2016, Instagram began rolling out a change to the order of photos visible in a exploiter ‘s timeline, shifting from a strictly chronological arrange to one determined by an algorithm. [ 266 ] Instagram said the algorithm was designed so that users would see more of the photos by users that they liked, [ 267 ] but there was significant negative feedback, with many users asking their followers to turn on post notifications in ordain to make certain they see updates. [ 268 ] [ 269 ] [ 270 ] The ship’s company wrote a tweet to users upset at the prospect of the change, but did not back down, [ 271 ] nor provide a means to change it back, which they re-affirmed in 2020. [ 272 ] [ 273 ] however, in December 2021, Adam Mosseri, in a Senate hearing on child safety issues, stated that the company is developing a translation of the run that would show drug user posts in chronological order. [ 274 ] He late clarified the company would introduce two modes : a classic chronological run and a adaptation of it that would let users pick “ favorite ” users whose posts would be shown at the top in chronological order while other posts would be mixed in downstairs. [ 275 ] Since 2017, Instagram has employed the ability to reduce the prominence of accounts ( “ shadowbanning “ ) it believes may be generating non-genuine employment and spam ( including excessive function of unnecessary hashtags ), preventing posts from appearing in search results and in the app ‘s Explore part. In a now-deleted Facebook post, Instagram wrote that “ When developing content, we recommend focusing on your business objective or goal rather than hashtags ”. [ 276 ] [ 277 ] Instagram has since been accused of extending the practice to censor posts under obscure and inconsistent circumstances, peculiarly in regards to sexually suggestive substantial. [ 278 ]

affect on people

Mental health

depressive disorder

Khodarahimi & Fathi 2017 found tell for Instagram users displaying higher levels of depressive symptoms. [ 293 ] Frison & Eggermont 2017 pointed out that only Instagram browse, and not Instagram liking nor post, predicts more depressive symptoms. [ 294 ] It besides provides evidence for a relation between Instagram use and depressive symptomatology in the face-to-face guidance, where flat of lower mood has shown to positively predict Instagram post. Lamp et alabama 2019 showed a positive relationship between natural depression and the count of selfies taken before posting it on Instagram. [ 295 ]

anxiety

Khodarahimi & Fathi 2017 observed higher levels of anxiety in Instagram users compared to non-users, [ 293 ] while Mackson et alabama 2019 suggested beneficial effects of Instagram use on anxiety symptoms. [ 296 ] Multiple studies pointed out humble to moderate plus relationships between time spent on Instagram and trait anxiety, physical appearance anxiety, social anxiety and attention to high insecurity-eliciting body regions. [ 297 ] [ 298 ] [ 299 ] [ 300 ] Moujaes & Verrier 2020 observed a association between anxiety and on-line engagement with InstaMums, which relationship was influenced by social comparison orientation and self-esteem. [ 301 ]

stress

A paper showed that users who feel that they spend excessively much fourth dimension on Instagram report higher levels of Instagram addiction, which in turn was related to higher self-reported levels of Instagram induced stress. [ 302 ] [ 303 ]

addiction

In a analyze focusing on the kinship between assorted psychological needs and Instagram addiction by students, Foroughi et alabama 2021 found that the desire for recognition and entertainment were predictors of students ‘ addition to Instagram. In addition, the study proved that Instagram addiction negatively affect academic performance. [ 304 ] Gezgin & Mihci 2020 quantified Turkish student ‘s Instagram practice ‘s contribution to overall smartphone addiction, and concluded that patronize instagraming correlates with addiction to smartphone. [ 305 ]

satisfaction with appearance

Sherlock & Wagstaff 2019 showed that both the number of followers and followees show a little incontrovertible kinship with trait anxiety. [ 299 ] Instagram users report higher consistency surveillance, [ 306 ] appearance relate atmospheric pressure, [ 307 ] eating pathology [ 308 ] and lower body satisfaction [ 308 ] than non-users. [ 303 ] Multiple studies have shown that users who take more selfies ( before posting ) and strategically give themselves on Instagram, for case by editing or manipulating selfies, report higher levels of body surveillance, consistency dissatisfaction, and lower torso esteem. [ 309 ] [ 295 ] [ 310 ] [ 303 ] Tiggemann et aluminum 2020 besides confirmed this through experimental cogitation, finding that taking and editing selfies led to higher facial dissatisfaction. [ 311 ] [ 303 ]

false self-presentation

In a 2021 cogitation Mun & Kim pointed out that Instagram users with a firm want for approval were more likely to create assumed presentation of themselves on their Instagram accounts, which in turn increased the likelihood of depression. notably, low was mitigated by the perception of popularity. [ 312 ]

torso effigy

multiple studies confirmed that Instagram usage is associated with body surveillance and body self-image. In particular, following appearance-focused Instagrammers corresponded with the hope to look thin. Comments related to appearance on Instagram are leading to higher dissatisfactions with one ’ second body. [ 313 ] [ 314 ] [ 315 ] [ 316 ] Based on Facebook ‘s leak home research, Instagram has negative effects on the body trope of one in three teenagers. [ 317 ] Leaked home documents besides indicate that two thirds of adolescent girls and 40 percentage of adolescent boys experience minus social comparison, and that Instagram makes 20 percentage of the teens feel worse about themselves. According to the leaked research, Instagram has higher shock on appearance comparison than TikTok or Snapchat. [ 318 ]

forlornness

Mackson et aluminum 2019 found that Instagram users were less lone than non-users [ 296 ] and that Instagram membership predicts lower self-reported loneliness. [ 303 ]

Social exclusion

In a 2021 study by Büttnera et Rudertb [ 319 ] pointed out that not being tagged in an Instagram photograph triggers the impression of social ejection and ostracism, particularly for those with higher needs to belong .

Wellbeing

The relationship between Instagram custom saturation and wellbeing varies by wellbeing indicator. Brailovskaia & Margraf 2018 found a significant positive relationship between Instagram membership and extraversion, life satisfaction, and social support. The affiliation between Instagram membership and conscientiousness was marginally importantly damaging. The same study showed a positive relationship between extraversion, animation satisfaction, social support and Instagram membership. [ 320 ]

Life satisfaction

Fioravanti et alabama 2020 showed that women who had to take a better from Instagram for seven days reported higher life atonement compared to women who continued their accustomed practice of Instagram manipulation. The effects seemed to be particular for women, where no significant differences were observed for men. [ 321 ]

Alcohol and drug use

Instagram use saturation shows a little incontrovertible correlation with alcohol consumption, with bust drinkers reporting greater intensity of Instagram function than non-binge drinkers. [ 322 ] An earlier study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption during college. It found a small to moderate plus relationship between alcohol consumption and Instagram usage, enhanced drink motives, and drinking behavior. [ 323 ]

fear of Missing Out

The relationship between Instagram function and the fear of missing out ( FoMo ) has been confirmed in multiple studies. [ 324 ] [ 325 ] Use intensity shows a solid, while the numeral of followers and followees shows a watery correlation coefficient with FoMo. inquiry shows that Instagram browsing predicts social comparison, which generates FoMo, and FoMo can ultimately lead to depression. [ 326 ]

Eating disorders

A comparison of Instagram users with non-users showed that boys with an Instagram account disagree from boys without an report in terms of over-evaluation of their condition and weight, skipping meals, and levels of reported disordered eat cognitions. Girls with an Instagram account besides differed from girls without an history in terms of skipping meals. however, none of the early associations that were reported for boys were observed for girls. alternatively, girls with an Instagram account differed from girls without an history in that they used a rigorous exert agenda. This suggests a potential differential gear effect of Instagram membership on body ( dis ) atonement and disordered eating for boys and girls. [ 303 ] [ 327 ] Regarding the relationship between clock spent on Instagram and body effigy and/or disordered corrode, respective body-related constructs were systematically linked to indicators of Instagram practice. More specifically, several studies identified a small positive relationship between time spent on Instagram and both internalization of smasher ideals or muscular ideals, and self-objectification across studies. [ 303 ] [ 328 ] [ 329 ] [ 330 ] A positive radio link has been pointed out between the volume of Instagram manipulation and both body surveillance and dietary behaviors or disordered feed. [ 331 ] [ 330 ]

Sharenting risks

Sharenting refers to the action of parents posting content, including images, about their children online. Instagram is one of the most popular social media channels for sharenting. The hashtag # letthembelittle contains 8 million images related to children on Instagram. Bare 2020 analysed 300 randomly selected, publicly available images under the hashtag and found that the comparable images tended to contain personal information of children, including list, age and location. [ 332 ]

Suicide and self-harm

Picardo et aluminum 2020 examined the kinship between self-harm posts and actual self-harm behaviours offline and found such contentedness had negative emotional effects on some users and reported preliminary tell of potential harmful effects in relative to self-harm refer behaviours offline, although causal effects can not be claimed. At the lapp meter, some benefits for those who engage with self-harm message on-line have been suggested. [ 333 ] Instagram has published subject to help users in need to get patronize. [ 334 ] Based on Facebook ‘s leak inner inquiry, 13 percentage of british adolescent users with self-destructive thoughts could trace these thoughts to Instagram use. Amongst teenagers in the US with self-destructive thoughts, this number is much smaller – 6 percentage. [ 317 ]

activism

Starting in June 2020, instagram was more widely used as a platform for social department of justice movements including the Black Lives Matter movement. [ 335 ] [ 336 ] This has changed how people address activism, this has created a lack of consistency in protest, and is not widely accepted. [ 337 ] [ 338 ] Most notably in 2020, Shirien Damra shared an exemplification and tribute she made of George Floyd after his murder, and it resulted in more than 3.4 million “ likes ”, followed by many offline reproductions of the example. [ 339 ] [ 340 ] Instagram-based activism ( a well as other social media ) has been criticized and dismissed for being performative, reductionist, and excessively focused on aesthetics. [ 337 ] [ 336 ]

impact on businesses

Instagram can help promote commercial products and services. It can be distinguished from other social media platforms by its focus on ocular communication. Instagram marketing is an effective way to advertise a product, given that a photograph is said to speak a thousand words. [ 341 ] The platform can besides help commercial entities save brand costs, as it can be used for dislodge even for commercial purposes .

User characteristics and behavior

The Instagram app, running on the Android operate system

Users

Following the release in October, Instagram had one million registered users in December 2010. [ 342 ] [ 343 ] In June 2011, it announced that it had 5 million users, [ 344 ] which increased to 10 million in September. [ 345 ] [ 346 ] This increase continued to 30 million users in April 2012, [ 345 ] [ 30 ] 80 million in July 2012, [ 347 ] [ 348 ] 100 million in February 2013, [ 349 ] [ 350 ] 130 million in June 2013, [ 351 ] 150 million in September 2013, [ 352 ] [ 353 ] 300 million in December 2014, [ 354 ] [ 355 ] 400 million in September 2015, [ 356 ] [ 357 ] 500 million in June 2016, [ 358 ] [ 359 ] 600 million in December 2016, [ 360 ] [ 361 ] 700 million in April 2017, [ 362 ] [ 363 ] and 800 million in September 2017. [ 364 ] [ 365 ] In June 2011, Instagram passed 100 million photos upload to the service. [ 366 ] [ 367 ] This grew to 150 million in August 2011, [ 368 ] [ 369 ] and by June 2013, there were over 16 billion photos on the service. [ 351 ] In October 2015, there existed over 40 billion photos. [ 370 ] In October 2016, Instagram Stories reached 100 million active users, two months after launch. [ 371 ] [ 372 ] This increased to 150 million in January 2017, [ 202 ] [ 203 ] 200 million in April, surpassing Snapchat ‘s user increase, [ 205 ] [ 206 ] [ 204 ] and 250 million active users in June 2017. [ 373 ] [ 211 ] In April 2017, Instagram Direct had 375 million monthly users. [ 190 ] [ 191 ] [ 192 ]

Demographics

As of 2014, Instagram ‘s users are divided evenly with 50 % iPhone owners and 50 % Android owners. While Instagram has a inert gender-bias format, 68 % of Instagram users are female while 32 % are male. Instagram ‘s geographic use is shown to favor urban areas as 17 % of US adults who live in urban areas use Instagram while only 11 % of adults in suburban and rural areas do sol. While Instagram may appear to be one of the most widely used sites for photograph sharing, entirely 7 % of daily photograph uploads, among the circus tent four photo-sharing platforms, come from Instagram. Instagram has been proven to attract the younger generation with 90 % of the 150 million users under the age of 35. From June 2012 to June 2013, Instagram approximately doubled their total of users. With regards to income, 15 % of US Internet users who make less than $ 30,000 per year use Instagram, while 14 % of those making $ 30,000 to $ 50,000, and 12 % of users who make more than $ 50,000 per year do therefore. [ 374 ] With regard to the education demographic, respondents with some college education proved to be the most active on Instagram with 23 %. Following behind, college graduates consist of 18 % and users with a high school diploma or less make up 15 %. Among these Instagram users, 24 % say they use the app several times a day. [ 375 ]

User behavior

Ongoing inquiry continues to explore how media content on the platform affects user engagement. Past research has found that media which show peoples ‘ faces receive more ‘likes ‘ and comments and that using filters that increase warmheartedness, exposure, and contrast besides boosts engagement. [ 376 ] Users are more likely to engage with images that depict fewer individuals compared to groups and besides are more likely to engage with content that has not been watermarked, as they view this subject as less original and dependable compared to user-generated content. [ 377 ] recently Instagram has come up with an option for users to apply for a verified account badge ; however, this does not guarantee every drug user who applies will get the affirm amobarbital sodium tick. [ 378 ] The motives for using Instagram among young people are chiefly to look at posts, particularly for the sake of social interactions and refreshment. In line, the level of agreement expressed in creating Instagram posts was lower, which demonstrates that Instagram ‘s stress on ocular communication is widely accepted by new people in sociable communication. [ 379 ]

reception

In 2021, Washington Post reported that it has made an international black market for migrant workers, women in Africa and Asia, sold into servitude as maids in Persian Gulf countries. [ 380 ]

Awards

Instagram was the runner-up for “ Best Mobile App ” at the 2010 TechCrunch Crunchies in January 2011. [ 381 ] In May 2011, Fast Company listed CEO Kevin Systrom at count 66 in “ The 100 Most creative People in Business in 2011 ”. [ 382 ] In June 2011, Inc. included co-founders Systrom and Krieger in its 2011 “ 30 Under 30 ” list. [ 15 ] Instagram won “ Best locally Made App ” in the SF Weekly Web Awards in September 2011. [ 383 ] 7x7Magazine’ s September 2011 topic featured Systrom and Krieger on the blanket of their “ The Hot 20 2011 ” exit. [ 384 ] In December 2011, Apple Inc. named Instagram the “ App of the year ” for 2011. [ 385 ] In 2015, Instagram was named No. 1 by Mashable on its list of “ The 100 best iPhone apps of all clock, ” noting Instagram as “ one of the most influential social networks in the populace. ” [ 386 ] Instagram was listed among Time ‘s “ 50 Best Android Applications for 2013 ” number. [ 387 ]

Mental health

In May 2017, a review conducted by the United Kingdom ‘s Royal Society for Public Health, featuring 1,479 people aged 14–24, asking them to rate social media platforms depending on anxiety, depression, aloneness, bullying and torso persona, concluded that Instagram was the “ worst for young mental health ”. Some have suggested it may contribute to digital addiction, whist this same surveil noticed its cocksure effects, including self-expression, self-identity, and community build. In response to the survey, Instagram stated that “ Keeping Instagram a safe and supportive place for young people was a exceed precedence ”. [ 388 ] [ 389 ] The company filters out the reviews and accounts. If some of the accounts violate Instagram ‘s community guidelines, it will take action, which could include banning them. [ 390 ] In 2017, researchers from Harvard University and University of Vermont demonstrated a machine learning joyride that successfully outperformed cosmopolitan practitioners ‘ diagnostic success pace for depression. The joyride used color psychoanalysis, metadata components, and font signal detection of users ‘ feeds. [ 391 ] Throughout 2019, Instagram began to test the hide of like counts for posts made by its users. Correlations have been made between Instagram content and inadequate body dissatisfaction, as a resultant role of body comparisons. In a recent view one-half of the applicants admitted to photo editing behavior which has been linked with concerns over body picture. [ 392 ] In October 2021, CNN published an article and interviews on how two young women, Ashlee Thomas and Anastasia Vlasova, say Instagram endangered their lives by Instagram having toxic effects on their diets. [ 393 ]

In reaction to abusive and negative comments on users ‘ photos, Instagram has made efforts to give users more master over their posts and accompanying comments discipline. In July 2016, it announced that users would be able to turn off comments for their posts, american samoa well as control the lyric used in comments by inputting words they consider offensive, which will ban applicable comments from showing up. [ 394 ] [ 395 ] After the July 2016 announcement, the ability to ban specific words began rolling out early August to celebrities, [ 396 ] followed by regular users in September. [ 397 ] In December, the company began rolling out the abilities for users to turn off the comments and, for private accounts, remove followers. [ 398 ] [ 399 ] In June 2017, Instagram announced that it would automatically attempt to filter offensive, harass, and “ spammy ” comments by default option. The system is built using a Facebook-developed deep eruditeness algorithm known as DeepText ( first implemented on the social network to detect spam comments ), which utilizes natural-language serve techniques, and can besides filter by user-specified keywords. [ 400 ] [ 401 ] [ 390 ] In September 2017, the company announced that public users would be able to limit who can comment on their capacity, such as only their followers or people they follow. At the same meter, it updated its automated comment trickle to support extra languages. [ 402 ] [ 403 ] In July 2019, the service announced that it would introduce a organization to proactively detect baffling comments and encourage the exploiter to reconsider their gossip, vitamin a well as allowing users the ability to “ restrict ” others ‘ abilities to communicate with them, citing that younger users felt the existing engine block system was excessively a lot of an escalation. [ 88 ]

polish

On August 9, 2012, English musician Ellie Goulding released a new music video for her sung “ Anything Could Happen. ” The video recording only contained fan-submitted Instagram photograph that used versatile filters to represent words or lyrics from the song, and over 1,200 different photographs were submitted. [ 404 ]

security

In August 2017, reports surfaced that a wiretap in Instagram ‘s developer tools had allowed “ one or more individuals ” to gain access to the contact information, specifically e-mail addresses and phone numbers, of several high-profile verified accounts, including its most followed drug user, Selena Gomez. The caller said in a affirmation that it had “ fixed the microbe swiftly ” and was running an probe. [ 405 ] [ 406 ] however, the following calendar month, more details emerged, with a group of hackers selling contact information on-line, with the involve number of accounts in the “ millions ” rather than the previously-assumed limit on verify accounts. Hours after the hack, a searchable database was posted on-line, charging $ 10 per search. [ 407 ] The Daily Beast was provided with a sample of the involve accounts, and could confirm that, while many of the e-mail addresses could be found with a Google search in public sources, some did not return relevant Google search results and frankincense were from private sources. [ 408 ] The Verge wrote that cybersecurity firm RepKnight had found contact information for multiple actors, musicians, and athletes, [ 407 ] and singer Selena Gomez ‘s score was used by the hackers to post naked photograph of her ex-boyfriend Justin Bieber. The company admitted that “ we can not determine which specific accounts may have been impacted ”, but believed that “ it was a low percentage of Instagram accounts ”, though TechCrunch stated in its report that six million accounts were affected by the hack, and that “ Instagram services more than 700 million accounts ; six million is not a small number ”. [ 409 ] In 2019, Apple pulled an app that let users stalk people on Instagram by scraping accounts and collecting data. [ 410 ] Iran has DPI blocking for Instagram. [ 411 ]

contentedness ownership

On December 17, 2012, Instagram announced a change to its Terms of Service policy, adding the follow sentence : [ 412 ]

To help us deliver matter to paid or sponsored content or promotions, you agree that a business or other entity may pay us to display your username, likeness, photograph ( along with any consort metadata ), and/or actions you take, in association with paid or sponsored contented or promotions, without any compensation to you .

There was no option for users to opt out of the change Terms of Service without deleting their accounts before the new policy went into effect on January 16, 2013. [ 413 ] The motion garnered severe criticism from users, [ 414 ] [ 415 ] prompting Instagram CEO Kevin Systrom to write a web log mail one day late, announcing that they would “ remove ” the hurt language from the policy. Citing misinterpretations about its intention to “ communicate that we ‘d like to experiment with innovative advertising that feels appropriate on Instagram ”, Systrom besides stated that it was “ our error that this language is confusing ” and that “ it is not our intention to sell your photos ”. furthermore, he wrote that they would work on “ update speech in the terms to make indisputable this is absolved ”. [ 416 ] [ 414 ] The policy deepen and its recoil caused competing photograph services to use the opportunity to “ try to lure users away ” by promoting their privacy-friendly services, [ 417 ] and some services experienced substantial gains in momentum and drug user growth following the news. [ 418 ] On December 20, Instagram announced that the advertise section of the policy would be reverted to its original October 2010 version. [ 419 ] The Verge wrote about that policy angstrom well, however, noting that the original policy gives the company correct to “ place such ad and promotions on the Instagram Services or on, about, or in concurrence with your contented ”, meaning that “ Instagram has constantly had the right to use your photos in ads, about any direction it wants. We could have had the demand lapp freakout last week, or a year ago, or the day Instagram launched ”. [ 412 ] The policy update besides introduced an arbitration article, which remained even after the language pertaining to advertise and drug user contented had been modified. [ 420 ]

Facebook skill as a rape of US antimonopoly law

Columbia Law School professor Tim Wu has given populace talks explaining that Facebook ‘s 2012 leverage of Instagram was a felony. [ 421 ] A New York Post article published on February 26, 2019, reported that “ the FTC had uncovered [ a document ] by a high-level Facebook executive who said the reason the party was buying Instagram was to eliminate a potential rival ”. [ 422 ] As Wu explains, this is a violation of US antimonopoly law ( see monopoly ). Wu stated that this document was an electronic mail directly from Mark Zuckerberg, whereas the Post article had stated that their reservoir had declined to say whether the high-level executive was the CEO. The article reported that the FTC “ has formed a undertaking coerce to review “ anticompetitive conduct ” in the technical school populace amid concerns that technical school companies are growing excessively herculean. The task force will look at “ the full panoply of remedies ” if it finds “ competitive injury, ” FTC contest chest of drawers director Bruce Hoffman told reporters. ”

Algorithmic ad with a rape menace

In 2016, Olivia Solon, a reporter for The Guardian, posted a screenshot to her Instagram profile of an e-mail she had received containing threats of rape and murder towards her. The photograph mail had received three likes and countless comments, and in September 2017, the company ‘s algorithm turned the photograph into an ad visible to Solon ‘s baby. An Instagram spokesperson apologized and told The Guardian that “ We are regretful this happened – it ‘s not the feel we want person to have. This notification post was surfaced as depart of an campaign to encourage employment on Instagram. Posts are by and large received by a small share of a person ‘s Facebook friends. ” As noted by the technology media, the incidental occurred at the like time rear company Facebook was under examination for its algorithm and advertise campaigns being used for offensive and negative purposes. [ 423 ] [ 424 ]

censoring and restricted capacity

According to a Facebook spokesperson, on January 11, 2020, Instagram and its parent company Facebook, Inc. are removing posts “ that voice subscribe for slain iranian commander Qassem Soleimani to comply with uranium sanctions ”. [ 425 ]

Illicit drugs

Instagram has been the subject of criticism due to users publishing images of drugs they are selling on the platform. In 2013, the BBC discovered that users, by and large located in the United States, were posting images of drugs they were selling, attaching specific hashtags, and then completing transactions via instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp. Corresponding hashtags have been blocked as separate of the party ‘s reply and a spokesperson engaged with the BBC explained : [ 426 ] [ 427 ]

Instagram has a net typeset of rules about what is and is n’t allowed on the web site. We encourage people who come across illegal or inappropriate contented to report it to us using the built-in report tools next to every photograph, video recording or gossip, so we can take action. People ca n’t buy things on Instagram, we are merely a station where people share photos and videos .

however, new incidents of illegal drug deal have occurred in the aftermath of the 2013 revelation, with Facebook, Inc., Instagram ‘s rear company, asking users who come across such content to report the material, at which clock time a “ consecrated team ” reviews the data. [ 428 ] In 2019, Facebook announced that influencers are no longer able to post any vape, tobacco products, and weapons promotions on Facebook and Instagram. [ 429 ]

Women ‘s bodies

In October 2013, Instagram deleted the explanation of canadian photographer Petra Collins after she posted a photograph of herself in which a very small area of pubic hair was visible above the top of her bikini bottom. Collins claimed that the account deletion was baseless because it broke none of Instagram ‘s terms and conditions. [ 430 ] Audra Schroeder of The Daily Dot far wrote that “ Instagram ‘s terms of use state users ca n’t post “ pornographic or sexually implicative photos, ” but who actually gets to decide that ? You can indeed find more sexually indicative photos on the web site than Collins ‘, where women show the side of “ femininity ” the world is “ used to ” seeing and accepting. ” [ 431 ] Nick Drewe of The Daily Beast wrote a report the same calendar month focusing on hashtags that users are unable to search for, including # sex, # bubblebutt, and # ballsack, despite allowing # faketits, # gunsforsale and # sexytimes, calling the discrepancy “ absurd and discrepant ”. [ 432 ] similar incidents occurred in January 2015, when Instagram deleted australian fashion means Sticks and Stones Agency ‘s report because of a photograph including pubic hair sticking out of bikini bottoms, [ 433 ] and March 2015, when artist and poet Rupi Kaur ‘s photograph of menstrual blood on clothing were removed, prompting a rallying post on her Facebook and Tumblr accounts with the text “ We will not be censored ”, gaining over 11,000 shares. [ 434 ] The incidents have led to a # FreetheNipple campaign, aimed at challenging Instagram ‘s removal of photos displaying women ‘s nipples. Although Instagram has not made many comments on the campaign, [ 435 ] an October 2015 explanation from CEO Kevin Systrom highlighted Apple ‘s content guidelines for apps published through its App Store, including Instagram, in which apps must designate the allow age ranking for users, with the app ‘s current rating being 12+ years of long time. however, this statement has besides been called into question due to other apps with more denotative message allowed on the memory, the lack of consequences for men exposing their bodies on Instagram, and for discrepant treatment of what constitutes inappropriate exposure of the female body. [ 436 ] [ 437 ]

censoring by countries

Instagram is the most democratic social network site in Iran ( in red ), besides the merely nation where this is the case. censoring of Instagram has occurred in several unlike countries .

United States

On October 30, 2020, Instagram temporarily removed the “ recent ” check on hashtag pages to prevent the ranch of misinformation regarding the 2020 United States presidential election. [ 438 ] On January 7, 2021, United States President Donald Trump was banned from Instagram “ indefinitely ”. Zuckerberg stated “ We believe the risks of allowing the President to continue to use our servicing during this period are simply besides great. ” [ 439 ] A few days after Facebook changed its diagnose to Meta, the artist and engineer Thea-Mai Baumann has lost access to her @ metaverse Instagram handle. Bauman tried to reclaim her access for a month, without success. alone after The New York Times published the floor and contacted Meta ‘s PR department, was the entree restored. [ 440 ]

China

Instagram has been blocked by China following the 2014 Hong Kong protests as many confrontations with patrol and incidents occurring during the protests were recorded and photographed. Hong Kong and Macau were not affected as they are part of particular administrative regions of China. [ 441 ]

joker

Turkey is besides known for its rigid Internet censoring and sporadically blocks social media including Instagram. [ 442 ]

North Korea

A few days after a fuel incident that happened in the Koryo Hotel in North Korea on June 11, 2015, authorities began to block Instagram to prevent photograph of the incident from being spread out. [ 443 ]

iran

Iran has sentenced several citizens to prison for posts made on their Instagram accounts. [ 444 ] The iranian government besides blocked Instagram sporadically during anti-government protests. [ 445 ] In July 2021, Instagram temporarily censored videos with the phrase “ death to Khamenei “. [ 446 ]

Cuba

The cuban government blocked access to several social media platforms, including Instagram, to curb the go around of data during the 2021 Cuban protests. [ 447 ]

In popular polish

Social Animals (documentary film): A documentary film about three teenagers growing up on Instagram
Instagram model: a term for models who gain their success as a result of the large number of followers they have on Instagram
Instapoetry: a style of poetry which formed by sharing images of short poems by poets on Instagram.
Instagram Pier: a cargo working area in Hong Kong that gained its nickname due to its popularity on Instagram

system

Instagram is written in Python. [ 448 ] Instagram AI describes subject for visually impair people that use screen readers. [ 449 ]

See besides

Notes

^IG, Insta, or the Gram.[9] The identify is much colloquially abbreviated as, or

history

2010–2011 : Beginnings and major fund

2015–2017 : redesign and Windows app

2018–2019 : IGTV, removal of the like counter, management changes

2020–present : New features

negative effect on adolescent girls ’ mental health

explore

photographic filters

video recording

IGTV

Reels

Instagram Direct

Instagram Stories

advertising

Stand-alone apps

Third-party services

Fact checking

Algorithm and design changes

affect on people

Mental health

depressive disorder

anxiety

stress

addiction

satisfaction with appearance

false self-presentation

torso effigy

forlornness

Social exclusion

Wellbeing

Life satisfaction

Alcohol and drug use

fear of Missing Out

Eating disorders

Sharenting risks

Suicide and self-harm

activism

impact on businesses

User characteristics and behavior

Users

Demographics

User behavior

reception

Awards

Mental health

polish

security

contentedness ownership

Facebook skill as a rape of US antimonopoly law

Algorithmic ad with a rape menace

censoring and restricted capacity

Illicit drugs

Women ‘s bodies

censoring by countries

United States

China

joker

North Korea

iran

Cuba

In popular polish

system

See besides

Notes

References

further reading