Penalty shoot-out (association football)

procedure in affiliation football to determine the achiever of a bind match
A penalty shoot-out ( formally kicks from the penalty mark ) [ 1 ] is a method of determining which team is awarded victory in an association football match that can not end in a draw, when the score is tied after the normal clock time ampere well as extra time ( if used ) have expired. In a penalty shoot-out, each team takes turns shooting at goal from the penalty distinguish, with the goal defended alone by the opposing team ‘s goalkeeper. Each team has five shots which must be taken by different kickers ; the team that makes more successful kicks is declared the victor. Shoot-outs finish adenine soon as one team has an insurmountable spark advance. If scores are charge after five pairs of shots, the gunfight progresses into extra “ sudden-death “ rounds. [ 1 ] Balls successfully kicked into the finish during a shoot-out doctor of osteopathy not count as goals for the individual kickers or the team, and are tallied individually from the goals scored during normal bid ( including extra clock, if any ). Although the procedure for each individual recoil in the shoot-out resembles that of a penalty complain, there are some differences. Most notably, neither the kicker nor any player early than the goalkeeper may play the ball again once it has been kicked. The penalty shoot-out is one of the three methods of breaking a tie that are presently approved by the Laws of the Game ; the others are supernumerary clock time and, for two-legged ties, the away goals rule. [ 1 ] A shoot-out is normally used only after one or more of the other methods fail to produce a winner. The method of breaking a draw for a specific match is determined ahead by the match organising body. In most professional flat competitions, two 15-minute extra time periods are played if the score is tied at the goal of regulation time, and a shoot-out is held if the score is hush tied after the supernumerary time periods.

Reading: Penalty shoot-out (association football)

Although widely employed in football since the 1970s, penalty shoot-outs have been criticised by many followers of the plot, due primarily to their perceived reliance on fortune preferably than skill and their addiction on individual duels between opposing players, which is arguably not in keeping with football as a team sport. [ 2 ] Conversely, some believe the pressure and volatility involved makes it one of the most exhilarate finales to any sport. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]

overview [edit ]

During a shoot-out, players other than the kicker and the goalkeepers must remain in the centre traffic circle. [ 1 ] The kick team ‘s goalkeeper stands at the intersection of the goal tune and the line marking the penalty area ( 16.5 m/18 yards ) near one of the assistant referees. Goals scored during the shoot-out are not normally added to the goalscoring records of the players involved. [ citation needed ] A puff is a coarse result in football. Shoot-outs are lone used in competitions that require a match-winner at the conclusion of the plot [ 1 ] – this is predominantly in knockout “ cup ” ties, as opposed to round-robin “ leagues ” ; they decide which team progresses to the future beat of a tournament, or win it. normally extra clock has been played first, but this is not necessity ; [ 1 ] exceptions include the Copa Libertadores, Copa América ( quarter-finals, semi-finals, and third-place game ), FA Community Shield and the Football League Trophy, all of which use shoot-outs straight after the end of normal time. The rules of some competitions provide that a shoot-out may be used to decide placings in a round-robin group, in the strange event that two teams who have faced each other in a final-day equal finish the group with identical statistics, and no other teams has the like record. This was invoked in Group A of the 2003 UEFA Women ‘s Under-19 Championship, in which Italy and Sweden held a gunfight immediately after their draw match. [ 5 ] This rule is a recent invention, and for case did not apply in Group F of the 1990 World Cup, where the Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands were separated by drawing of lots immediately after drawing their final-day pit. [ 6 ] several leagues, such as the J.League, [ 7 ] have experimented with punishment shoot-outs immediately following a draw league match, with the winner being awarded an extra steer. In the United States and Canada, Major League Soccer initially besides had a shoot-out immediately following the end of full-time, even during league matches, although these shoot-outs differed from standard penalty shoot-outs ( see below ). A team that loses a punishment shoot-out is eliminated from the tournament while the winning team in the shoot-out advances to the future round or is crowned ace but the match is classed as a draw by FIFA. For exemplify, the Netherlands are considered to have concluded the 2014 FIFA World Cup undefeated, despite being eliminated at the semi-final stagecoach. [ 8 ]

procedure [edit ]

The surveil is a compendious of the procedure for kicks from the penalty score. The operation is specified in Law 10 ( “ Determining the result of a Match ” ) of the IFAB ‘s Laws of the Game document ( p. 71 ). [ 1 ]

The referee tosses a coin to decide the goal at which the kicks will be taken. The choice of goal may be changed by the referee for safety reasons or if the goal or playing surface becomes unusable.[1]
The referee tosses the coin a second time to determine which team will take the first kick.
All players other than the kicker and the goalkeepers must remain in the pitch’s centre circle (see above).
Each kick will be taken in the general manner of a penalty kick. Each kick will be taken from the penalty mark, which is 11 m (12 yards) from the goal line and equidistant from each touch line, with the goal defended only by the opposing goalkeeper. The goalkeeper must remain between the goal posts on his goal line until the ball has been kicked, although he can jump in place, wave his arms, move side to side along the goal line or otherwise try to distract the shooter.
Each team is responsible for selecting from the eligible players the order in which they will take the kicks.
Each kicker can kick the ball only once. Once kicked, the kicker may not play the ball again. The decision on a re-kick is solely at the referee’s discretion.
No other player on either team, other than the designated kicker and goalkeeper, may touch the ball.[1]
A kick results in a goal scored for the kicking team if, having been touched once by the kicker, the ball crosses the goal line between the goal posts and under the crossbar, without touching any player, official, or outside agent other than the defending goalkeeper. The ball may touch the goalkeeper, goal posts, or crossbar any number of times before going into the goal as long as the referee believes the ball’s motion is the result of the initial kick. This was clarified after an incident in the 1986 World Cup shoot-out between Brazil and France. Bruno Bellone’s kick rebounded out off the post, hit goalkeeper Carlos’s back, and subsequently bounced into the goal. Referee Ioan Igna gave the goal to France, and Brazil captain Edinho was booked for protesting that the kick should have been considered a miss as soon as it rebounded off the post. In 1987, the International Football Association Board clarified Law 14, covering penalty kicks, to support Igna’s decision.[9]
Teams take turns to kick from the penalty mark, until each has taken five kicks. However, if one side has scored more goals than the other could possibly reach with all of its remaining kicks, the shoot-out immediately ends, regardless of the number of kicks remaining; this basis is called “best-of-five kicks”. An example of this is the 2006 World Cup final, the shootout ended after Italy’s Fabio Grosso had scored his team’s fifth, despite the fact that France (on 3) still had one more to go.
If after these five rounds of kicks the teams have scored an equal number of goals (or neither team has scored any goals), additional rounds of one kick each will be used until one team scores and the other misses. This is known as sudden death.
The team that scores the most goals at the end of the shoot-out will be the winner of the match.
Only players who were on the pitch at the end of play or temporarily absent (injured, adjusting equipment etc.) will be allowed to participate in the shoot-out.[1] If at the end of the match and before or during the kicks one side has more players on the pitch than the other, whether as a result of injury or red cards, then the side with more players must reduce its numbers to match the opponents; this is known as ‘reduce to equate’. For example, if Team A has 11 players but Team B only has 10, then Team A will choose one player who will not take part. Players excluded this way may take no further part in the procedure, either as kicker or goalkeeper, except that they can be used to replace a goalkeeper who becomes injured during the shootout. The rule was introduced by the International Football Association Board in February 2000 because previously an eleventh kick would be taken by the eleventh (i.e. weakest) player of a full-strength team and the first (i.e. strongest) player of a sub-strength team.[10] A rule change in 2016 eliminated the possibility of a team gaining such an advantage if a player is injured or sent off during the shoot-out.[11]
A team may replace a goalkeeper who becomes injured during the shoot-out with a substitute (provided the team has not already used the maximum number of substitutes allowed by the competition) or by a player previously excluded under the ‘reduce to equate’ provision.[1]
If a goalkeeper is sent off during the shoot-out, another player who finished the game must act as goalkeeper.[1]
If a player, other than the goalkeeper, becomes injured or is sent off during the shoot-out, then the shoot-out will continue with no substitution allowed. The opposing team must reduce its numbers accordingly.[1]
Any player remaining on the pitch may act as the goalkeeper, and it is not required for the same player to have acted as a goalkeeper during the game.
No player will be allowed to take a second kick until all other eligible players on their team have taken a first kick, including the goalkeeper.
If it becomes necessary for players to take another kick (because the score has remained equal after all eligible players have taken their first kick), players are not required to kick in the same order.[1]
Kicks from the penalty mark must not be delayed for a player who leaves the field of play. The player’s kick will be forfeited (not scored) if the player does not return in time to take a kick.
The referee must not abandon the match if, during the kicks, a team is reduced to fewer than seven players.[1]

Tactics [edit ]

Defending against a penalty kick is one of the most unmanageable tasks a goalkeeper can face. Some decide which way they will dive ahead, giving themselves time to reach the side of the goalmouth. A 2011 cogitation published in the daybook Psychological Science found goalkeepers dived to the correct 71 % of the time when their team was losing, but alone 48 % when ahead and 49 % when tied, a phenomenon believed to be related to certain right-preferring behavior in sociable mammals. [ 12 ] Others try to read the kicker ‘s motion practice. Kickers may attempt to feint, or delay their shoot to see which way the custodian dives. Shooting gamey and center, in the space that the keeper will evacuate, carries the highest risk of shooting above the bar. [ 13 ] If a keeper blocks a punishment kick during a couple, there is a danger the kicker or a teammate may score from the rebound ; this is not relevant in the character of a shoot-out. Since the stallion shoot-out is conducted at the like goal, the crowd behind the goal may favour one team and try to distract the other team ‘s shooters. To forestall any potential advantage, in 2016 the Laws of the Game were modified to add a coin flip between the two teams prior to the shoot-out : the winner of the coin discard has the proper to decide which goal is used for the shoot-out ( previously, the decisiveness was at the reviewer ‘s discretion ). The referee may change the goal only for safety reasons or if the selected goal or pitch are unserviceable. [ 1 ] A goalkeeper may not use distracting gamesmanship such as cleaning his boots or asking the referee to see if the ball is placed by rights ; this risks a caution for cheating conduct. Bruce Grobbelaar ‘s “ wobbly branch ” clowning distracted Francesco Graziani in the 1984 european Cup Final gunfight. [ 14 ] The custodian is forbidden from moving off the goal line to narrow the gunman ‘s slant ; the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final gunfight caused controversy as replays showed that both keepers got away with this, as did Jerzy Dudek in the 2005 Champions League Final. [ citation needed ]

history [edit ]

Origins [edit ]

between 1867 and 1970, the laws of affiliation football did not provide for a method of breaking ties. The beginning association football tournament, the FA Cup, used excess prison term and replays to decide draw games. This exercise was followed by other early hard competitions. In the early 1920s, some charity matches began using corner-kicks as a tie-breaker in regulate to avoid replays. [ 15 ] In response, the laws of the crippled were amended in 1923 to submit explicitly that the finish was the entirely means of scoring, and that a meet that ended with equal number of goals scored was drawn. [ 16 ] In major competitions, when a replay or playoff was not potential, ties were previously broken by drawing of lots. Examples include Italy ‘s succeed over the USSR in the semi-final of the 1968 european Championship ( the final, besides attract, went to a replay ). [ 17 ] however, variants of the modern shoot-out were used before then in respective domestic competitions and minor tournaments. domestic examples include the Yugoslav Cup from 1952, [ 18 ] the Coppa Italia from 1958 to 1959, [ 19 ] and the swiss inter-regional Youth Cup from 1959 to 1960. [ 20 ] International examples include the 1962 Uhrencup [ 21 ] ( at the hypnotism of its founder Kurt Weissbrodt ), [ 22 ] the final examination of the 1962 Ramón de Carranza Trophy [ 23 ] ( at the suggestion of diarist Rafael Ballester ), [ 24 ] and a eloquent decoration playoff match between amateur teams representing Venezuela and Bolivia in the 1965 Bolivarian Games. [ 25 ] Pavllo Bukoviku took and scored all KS Besa ‘s kicks in a 5–2 gunfight gain in the 1963 albanian Cup Final, a format devised by Anton Mazreku, the albanian FA president. [ 26 ] israeli Yosef Dagan is credited with originating the modern shoot-out, [ 27 ] after watching the Israeli team lose a 1968 Olympic quarterfinal game against Bulgaria by drawing of lots in Mexico. Michael Almog, later president of the Israel FA, described Dagan ‘s proposal in a letter published in FIFA News in August 1969. [ 28 ] Koe Ewe Teik, the Malaysian FA ‘s member of the referee ‘s committee, led the go for its adoption by FIFA. [ 28 ] FIFA ‘s proposal was discussed on 20 February 1970 by a working party of the International Football Association Board ( IFAB ), which recommended its acceptance, although “ not entirely satisfy ” with it. [ 29 ] It was adopted by the IFAB ‘s annual general meet on 27 June 1970. [ 30 ] In 2006, Deutsche Presse-Agentur reported a title by former referee Karl Wald ( barn. 1916 ), from Frankfurt am Main, that he had first proposed the shoot-out in 1970 to the bavarian FA. [ 31 ] The adoption of the penalty shoot-out by IFAB came besides belated for the 1970 World Cup, whose rules still prescribed drawing of lots for any smasher match other than the final which ended draw after extra-time ( FIFA refused to announce in advance what would happen if the final itself ended up drawn ). [ 32 ] The technical report for the 1970 tournament recommended that drawing of lots should be abandoned in future tournaments, noting that “ this hypnotism has, however, since been cut across by the decision of the International Board as to the bring of penalty kicks to resolve such a deadlock situation. ” [ 33 ] In the event, drawing of lots was never required to decide the achiever of a smasher match in any World Cup finals, although it was used in a 1969 reservation draw when Morocco advanced at the expense of Tunisia .

Development [edit ]

In England, the first gear punishment shoot-out in a professional match took place in 1970 at Boothferry Park, Hull, between Hull City and Manchester United during the semi-final of the Watney Cup, and was won by Manchester United. The beginning player to take a kick was George Best, and the first base to miss was Denis Law. Ian McKechnie, who saved Law ‘s kick, was besides the inaugural goalkeeper to take a bang ; his fritter hit the crossbar and deflected over, putting Hull City out of the Cup. penalty shoot-outs were used to decide matches in UEFA ‘s european Cup and Cup Winners ‘ Cup in the 1970–71 season. On 30 September 1970, after a 4–4 aggregate draw in the first circle of the Cup Winners ‘ Cup, Honvéd won the first shoot-out 5–4 against Aberdeen, [ 34 ] when Jim Forrest ‘s inject hit the browning automatic rifle. Five weeks later, on 4 November 1970, [ 35 ] the first ever european Cup shoot out took topographic point between Everton F.C. and Borussia Mönchengladbach, with the side from England this clock being the winners 4–3. [ 36 ] In the first circle of the European Cup 1972–73, the referee prematurely ended a shoot-out between CSKA Sofia and Panathinaikos, with CSKA leading 3–2 but Panathinaikos having taken only four kicks. Panathinaikos complained to UEFA and the catch was annulled and replayed the following month, [ 37 ] [ 38 ] with CSKA winning without the need for a shoot-out. The final examination of the 1973 Campeonato Paulista ended in like circumstances. Santos were leading Portuguesa 2–0 with each team having taken three shoot-out kicks, when referee Armando Marques mistakenly ( as each team still had two shots to take, and consequently Portuguesa hush had a prospect of levelling the scoreline ) declared Santos the winners. Portuguesa coach Otto Glória promptly led his team out of the stadium ; this was allegedly to ensure the shoot-out could not resume once the mistake was discovered, and that rather the match would be replayed, giving Portuguesa a better gamble of victory. When Santos counter-objected to a replay, Paulista FA president Osvaldo Teixeira Duarte annulled the original match and declared both teams joint champions. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] The first major international tournament to be decided by a penalty shoot-out was the 1976 european Championship concluding between Czechoslovakia and West Germany. UEFA had made provision for a final examination replay two days later, [ 41 ] but the teams decided to use a shoot-out alternatively. [ 42 ] Czechoslovakia won the gunfight 5–3, with the deciding gripe being converted by Antonín Panenka with a “ chip “ after Uli Hoeneß had put the previous kick over the crossbar. The first penalty shoot-out in the World Cup was on 9 January 1977, in the beginning round of African qualify, when Tunisia beat Morocco. [ 43 ] The first shoot-out in the finals tournament was in 1982, when West Germany beat France in the semifinal. If the 1982 final had been drawn, penalties would not have applied unless the replay was besides drawn ; [ 44 ] [ 45 ] from 1986, penalties were scheduled after the final as for the earlier smasher rounds. [ 45 ]

celebrated incidents [edit ]

Internationals [edit ]

The finals of seven major FIFA tournaments, including two men ‘s World Cups, have gone to penalty shoot-outs :
The first penalty shoot out in a World Cup match was in dramatic West Germany vs France semi final examination match in 1982 and after the penalty shoot out ended equal it went into sudden end. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Goalkeepers have been known to win shoot-outs by their kick. For example, in a UEFA Euro 2004 quarter-final meet, Portugal goalkeeper Ricardo saved a bang ( without gloves ) from England ‘s Darius Vassell, and then scored the win shoot. [ 51 ] Another exemplar is Vélez Sársfield ‘s José Luis Chilavert in the Copa Libertadores 1994 finals ( Chilavert had a reputation as a dead-ball specialist and scored 41 goals during his golf club career ). Antonín Panenka ( Czechoslovakia ) decided the penalty shoot-out at the final of the UEFA Euro 1976 against West Germany with a celebrated chip to the middle of the finish. The English national team has lost seven ( out of ten ) penalty shoot-outs in major tournament finals, including losses to Germany in the semi-finals of the 1990 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1996 ( the latter following a win over Spain by the lapp method in the former round ). After euro 1996, England lost five more shoot-outs in a row in major tournament finals, losing to Argentina at the 1998 World Cup, Portugal at Euro 2004 and the 2006 World Cup and Italy at Euro 2012, before ultimately breaking their lose mottle at the 2018 World Cup against Colombia ; this shoot-out besides allowed England to progress into the quarter-finals for the first time in twelve years. [ 52 ] England again lost a penalty shoot-out to Italy in the UEFA Euro 2020 concluding. [ 53 ] The Netherlands, meanwhile, lost four straight shoot-outs ; against Denmark in Euro 1992, France in Euro 1996, Brazil in the 1998 World Cup, and Italy in Euro 2000, before ultimately winning one against Sweden in Euro 2004. In Euro 2000, the Netherlands had two punishment kicks during the match and four attempts in the gunfight but entirely managed to convert one kick against italian custodian Francesco Toldo. Frank de Boer had both a penalty kick and gunfight kick saved by Toldo, who besides saved from Paul Bosvelt to give Italy a 3–1 gunfight victory. The Netherlands ‘ fortunes seemed to have improved during the 2014 World Cup when they defeated Costa Rica on penalty kicks in their quarter-final, only to lose again on penalties in their semi-final against Argentina. The Italians have lost six shoot-outs in major championships, notably being eliminated from three back-to-back World Cups ( 1990–1998, including the 1994 concluding ), the Euro 2008 and the Euro 2016 quarter-finals on penalties. however, they have besides won five shoot-outs, including the euro 2000 semi-final against the Netherlands, the Euro 2012 quarter-final against England, the 2006 World Cup Final against France, the Euro 2020 semi-final against Spain, and the Euro 2020 final examination against England. On 16 November 2005, a place in the World Cup was immediately determined by a punishment shoot-out for the first clock. The 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying playoff between Australia and Uruguay ended 1–1 on aggregate, with Uruguay winning the first leg 1–0 at home and Australia winning the irregular leg at dwelling by the same grudge. A scoreless 30 minutes of extra prison term was followed by a shoot-out, which Australia won 4–2. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Switzerland set an unwanted newly record in the round of 16 shoot-out against Ukraine by failing to convert any of their penalties, losing 3–0. The goalkeeper Oleksandr Shovkovskyi ( Ukraine ) became the first not to concede a single goal in the penalty shoot-out, saving two of the swiss attempts, with another shooting hitting the crossbar. The solution meant that Switzerland became the first gear nation to be eliminated from the World Cup without conceding any goals ( and, furthermore, the only nation to participate in a World Cup finals tournament without conceding a goal ). The same contest featured a shoot-out between Germany and Argentina, the two most successful teams up to that point in terms of World Cup finals punishment shoot-outs : each team had competed in 3 shoot-outs and won all of them. Germany won the shoot-out, leaving Germany alone with a 4–0 phonograph record in World Cup finals. On 20 June 2007, a new UEFA record was established. [ 54 ] The semi-final of the european under-21 Championships in Heerenveen between the Netherlands and England team finished 1–1. thirty-two penalties had to be taken before the tie was broken. The Netherlands finally won 13–12 .

domestic cups [edit ]

In the FA Cup, punishment kicks were used in the 1972 edition of the ephemeral third-place playoff. They were introduced more by and large in the 1991–92 season to decide matches hush level after one replay and supernumerary time. previously there was no limit on the number of replays, which led to fixture break, particularly disliked by the peak clubhouse. Replays were often two or three days after the drawn match, which conflicted with the increased plan required after the Football Spectators Act 1989. The first team eliminated from the FA Cup on penalties was Scunthorpe United, beat on 26 October 1991 by Rotherham United after a first-round replay. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] A shoot-out was first used in the FA Cup Final in 2005, when Arsenal perplex Manchester United 5–4. [ 57 ] The comply year, Liverpool beat West Ham United in the FA Cup Final ‘s second ever penalty shoot-out. [ 58 ] On 31 August 2005, a new English record was established when a shoot-out between Tunbridge Wells and Littlehampton Town in an FA Cup replay involved 40 kicks being taken, with Tunbridge Wells winning 16–15. [ 59 ] [ 60 ] Shoot-outs have been used to settle five Football League Cup finals to date. The beginning was in 2001 when Liverpool beat Birmingham City 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw after extra clock in the pit. The second was the 2009 final examination between Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur ended scoreless and was won 4–1 on penalties by Manchester United. then the 2012 final between Liverpool and Cardiff City finished 2–2 after supernumerary time, Liverpool winning 3–2 on penalties. The 2016 final examination was won by Manchester City beating Liverpool 3–1 on penalties, after a 1–1 draw. Manchester City besides won the 2019 final examination 4–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw with Chelsea. penalty shoot-outs have been used for many years to settle draw games in the earlier rounds of the Football League Cup, the earliest exemplar being August 1976 when Doncaster Rovers beat Lincoln City 3–2 on penalties after three draw games in a course ( 1–1, 1–1, 2–2 ) in a first round match. Shoot-outs tend to be quite rare in the semi-finals due to the aside goal rule applying after supernumerary meter. however, a shoot-out was used in the 2013–14 semi-final between Sunderland and Manchester United after both teams finished level over two legs ; Sunderland won the shoot-out 2–1. The Community Shield is besides settled using penalties, following the normal 90 minutes of play, but no extra time. Manchester United have won the shield three times via a shoot-out, beating Arsenal in 2003, Chelsea in 2007, and Portsmouth in 2008. Manchester United lost the 2009 match on penalties to Chelsea. In 2008, the turkish Cup Final featured two clubs outside of Istanbul ‘s Top Three for the first time in two decades, but penalty kicks decided the achiever between Gençlerbirliği and Kayserispor, the latter having reached the concluding for the beginning time always. After a scoreless 120 minutes, 28 punishment kicks were needed to decide the consequence, and Kayserispor, thanks to the goal score and finish saving heroics of Dimitar Ivankov, won its first gear turkish Cup 11–10. [ 61 ] In the 2008–09 greek Cup final AEK took a 3–2 lead at 89 ‘ with a goal by Scocco ; however Olympiacos came back from the dead at the dying seconds of arrest time ( 90’+6 ) with a goal by Derbyshire, to force an overtime. While Olympiacos took a 4–3 lead in overtime with a finish by Galletti, the scorekeeper was sent off with a second yellow calling card for taking his shirt off while celebrating. former on, Avraam Papadopoulos besides got a second yellow leaving Olympiacos with 9 players. AEK managed to tie the game at 4–4 forcing a punishment shoot out. AEK was shooting first. Both AEK and Olympiacos scored in the first 4 penalties. Majstorovic of AEK hit the horizontal crossbar in the 5th punishment giving the opportunity to Djordjevic ( for whom it was the close game of his career ) to seal the victory for Olympiacos. however, his shoot was blocked by AEK ‘s argentine goalkeeper Saha. Hence, the shooting continued. Both teams scored their 6th and 7th penalties. Center-back Antzas was slotted to hit the 8th penalty for Olympiacos, but keeper Nikopolidis took the enterprise and took the penalty rather tying the score to 7–7. Nikopolidis blocked the subsequent ( 9th ) penalty by Georgeas for AEK but Antzas missed the penalty for Olympiacos ( saved by Saha ) and failed to finish the shoot-out. Since Olympiacos had only 9 players in the field, the shooters had to rotate, going back to those that shoot the very first penalties. All 7 subsequent penalty takers for both teams scored, leading to a penalty shoot out that was at 14–14 with 32 penalty shots having been taken. however, Pelletieri of AEK had a badly penalty shot that was well deflected by Nikopolidis, who then took the 34th penalty blastoff against the other goalkeeper, Saha, score, and ending this saga with a 15–14 winnings for Olympiacos in penalty shoot out and an overall score of 19–18. ( 2008–09 Greek Cup ) .

UEFA cabaret competitions [edit ]

The first penalty shoot-out in a european Cup final occurred in the 1984 european Cup Final as Liverpool defeated Roma. The equal is best known for the antics of Liverpool keeper Bruce Grobbelaar. As Roma ‘s Bruno Conti prepared to take his complain, Grobbelaar walked towards the goal smiling confidently at the cameras lined-up behind, then proceeded to bite the back of the net income, in imitation of eating spaghetti. Conti sent his spot bang over the barricade. Grobbelaar then produced a like performance before Francesco Graziani took his kick back, excellently wobbling his legs in mock panic. Graziani punctually missed and Liverpool went on to win the gunfight 4–2.

In the 1986 european Cup Final between Steaua București and Barcelona, Steaua keeper Helmuth Duckadam saved all four of Barca ‘s penalties, for which he was dubbed “ the hero of Seville “. [ 62 ] Steaua besides missed two, but calm prevailed 2–0 in the shoot-out to become the only romanian club side to win the title. In the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final the penalty-shoot out has caused controversy among many fans as replays showed that Milan goalkeeper Dida was off his goal telephone line when saving penalties from Trezeguet, Zalayeta and Montero. Juventus keeper Buffon was besides off his goal line when saving penalties from Seedorf and Kaladze. In the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final between Milan and Liverpool, Liverpool keeper Jerzy Dudek used tactics exchangeable to Bruce Grobbelaar in 1984 ( known as the “ Dudek dance ” in 2005 ) to distract the Milan gunfight takers which resulted in a victory for his team. The 2008 UEFA Champions League Final between Manchester United and Chelsea went to penalties, when John Terry missed a penalty which would have won Chelsea the match ( and the Champions League ). His standing leg slipped as he took his complain, and the testis hit the post. Chelsea lost the shoot-out 6–5, to which Terry reacted by breaking down in tears. Terry was not primitively the penalty taker, however, striker Didier Drogba had been sent off concisely before extra time ended. In the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League between Real Madrid and Bayern Munich, Iker Casillas and Manuel Neuer each saved two touch kicks. Neuer kept out penalties from Cristiano Ronaldo ( £80 million ) and Kaká ( £56 million ), then the most expensive footballers in history from their transmit fees. [ 63 ] On 19 May 2012, Chelsea defeated Bayern Munich 4–3 on penalties in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final. Chelsea had never previously won a shoot-out in the competition, and had lost the 2008 final and 2007 semi-final on penalties. Bayern had never lost a shoot-out in Europe ; their wins included the 2001 final against Valencia and the 2012 semi-final against very Madrid. Didier Drogba dispatched the winning penalty, having been ineffective to take the fifth bang ( missed by Terry ) in the 2008 concluding due to a red card in extra fourth dimension. The following day, many british newspapers made reference to the fact that an English team had ultimately beaten a german team on penalties. [ 64 ] On 26 May 2021, Villarreal defeated Manchester United 11–10 on penalties in the 2021 UEFA Europa League Final, after the game ended 1–1 after extra fourth dimension. Every musician on the deliver took penalties – Manchester United goalkeeper David De Gea was the only one to miss, with his snapshot being saved by Gerónimo Rulli to hand Villarreal its beginning major title. The 21 penalties converted was a record for a shoot-out in a major UEFA tournament catch. [ 65 ]

Records [edit ]

The current World record for the most penalties scored consecutively in a shoot out stands at 29, in a Hampshire Senior Cup second-round game between Brockenhurst and Andover Town on 9 October 2013, in which the 30th penalty was saved, enabling Brockenhurst to win 15–14. [ 66 ] This beat the previous commemorate of 27, in a Football League Trophy first round pit between Leyton Orient and Dagenham & Redbridge on 7 September 2011, in which the 28th penalty was saved, enabling Dagenham to win the gunfight. [ 67 ] During the final of the 1992 African Cup of Nations played in Senegal, Ivory Coast won the penalty gunfight 11–10. After the second hardening of five penalty kicks calm being tied at 10–10, it went to sudden death, where the last penalty was missed by Anthony Baffoe, the stand in ghanaian captain. This is the most penalties in the final equal of a major international tournament, and the last time a second fixed of 5 kicks was implemented in the rules. [ citation needed ] The penalty gunfight was significant in that it was the first in the final of a major international tournament that every player on the deliver took a punishment. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Fourteen years belated, the Ivory Coast and Cameroon needed 24 penalties to decide who would advance to the semi-finals of the 2006 African Cup of Nations. The Ivory Coast advanced by winning 12–11 after Samuel Eto’o missed his second try, as his was the only miss of the penalty gunfight. [ 68 ] [ 70 ] The current universe read for the longest punishment shoot-out in a beginning class peer is 48 penalties during the 2005 namibian Cup when KK Palace beat Civics 17–16. [ 71 ] however, the record for the highest score in a penalty blast out was set in the 1988 Argentine Championship, when Argentinos Juniors beat Racing Club 20–19 after 44 penalties. [ 72 ] On 3 June 2015 Sundsøre IF pulsate Nykøbing Mors 20–19 in a penalty shoot out in a preliminary round of the Danish FA Cup. [ 73 ] On the 11 December 2012, Bradford City set the record for most consecutive penalty gunfight wins. They won 9 penalty shootouts since 2009 and that included wins against Arsenal and local rivals Huddersfield Town. [ 74 ] The shortest possible penalty gunfight consists of three kicks by each team, with one team scoring all its kicks and the early team failing to score any. A celebrated example of this occurred in the semi-final of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, with Chile beating Portugal 3–0. [ 75 ]

statistical criminal record [edit ]

A shoot-out is normally considered for statistical purposes to be separate from the match which preceded it. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] [ 78 ] In the casing of a two-legged fixture, the two matches are still considered either as two draws or as one winnings and one loss ; in the font of a individual pit, it is inactive considered as a draw. This contrasts with a regular won in extra meter, where the score at the goal of normal time is superseded. Converted shoot-out penalties are not considered as goals scored by a player for the purposes of their person records, or for “ aureate boot “ competitions. The NCAA rules book, which governs most college soccer in the United States, takes a like approach. With the exception of the national championship bet on, if the seduce of any game remains tied following the sudden death overtime ( or golden goal ), the game is recorded as a marry, careless of the resultant role of the shoot-out tiebreaker. In a national championship bet on, the leave of the shoot-out tiebreaker besides determines the leave of the game for statistical purposes. [ 79 ] Until 2001, all NCAA games in which the shoot-out tiebreaker was used to determine advancement or a champion were recorded as a tie. [ 80 ] In 2002, the rule was modified such that all games in which the shoot-out tiebreaker was used would besides decide the winner of the game for statistical purposes. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] The rule was again changed in 2003 to match the pre-2002 rule with the newly added exception that a shoot-out tiebreaker in a national championship game would be critical for all purposes, including the record. [ 83 ] In the calculation of UEFA coefficients, shoot-outs are ignored for club coefficients, [ 77 ] but not national team coefficients, where the shoot-out winner gets 20,000 points : more than the shoot-out loser, who gets 10,000 ( the same as for a draw ) but less than the 30,000 points for winning a couple instantaneously. [ 84 ] In the FIFA World Rankings, the root value of a winnings is three points ; a acquire on penalties is two ; a attract and a loss on penalties are one ; a loss is zero. [ 78 ] The more complicate rank system FIFA used from 1999 to 2006 gave a shoot-out winner the same points as for a normal succeed and a shoot-out failure the same points as for a absorb ; goals in the match proper, but not the shoot-out, were factored into the calculation. [ 85 ]

Criticisms [edit ]

As a manner to decide a football equal, shoot-outs have been seen variously as a thrilling climax or as an unsatisfactory cop-out. Paul Doyle describes shoot-outs as “ stimulate and suspense-filled ” and the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final shoot-out as “ the perfective way to end a fantastic … final ”. [ 86 ] Richard Williams compares the spectacle to “ a public cane in the market square ”. [ 87 ] The leave is frequently seen as a lottery rather than a examination of skill ; [ 86 ] managers Luiz Felipe Scolari [ 88 ] and Roberto Donadoni [ 89 ] described them as such after their teams had respectively won and lost shoot-outs. Others disagree. Mitch Phillips called it “ the ultimate test of nerve and technique ”. [ 90 ] Paul Doyle emphasised the psychological element. [ 86 ] only a belittled subset of a football player ‘s skills is tested by a shoot-out. Ian Thomsen likened deciding the 1994 World Cup using a penalty shoot-out to deciding the Masters golf tournament via a minigolf game. [ 91 ] The shoot-out is a test of individuals which may be considered inappropriate in a team fun ; Sepp Blatter has said “ Football is a team fun and penalties is not a team, it is the individual ”. [ 92 ] inferior teams are tempted to play for a scoreless describe, calculating that a shoot-out offers their best hope of victory. [ 93 ] Red Star Belgrade ‘s performance beat Olympique Marseille in the 1991 european Cup Final is frequently condemned for having “ played for penalties ” from the kick-off ; [ 94 ] [ 95 ] a tactic coach Ljupko Petrović freely admitted to. [ 96 ] On the other hired hand, the increased opportunity for giant-killing may besides be seen as an advantage, increasing the romanticism of a competition like the FA Cup. [ 97 ] Some teams have regarded, or been accused of regarding, a loss on penalties as an ethical consequence or “ no get the better of at all ”. [ 90 ] The Economist reported on the advantage of the team kicking first normally winning and on the players aiming higher normally scoring a goal. [ 98 ]

advantage to team kicking first ? [edit ]

Ignacio Palacios-Huerta has suggested that the alternating kick sequence gives an unfair advantage to the team kicking first, with statistical tell showing that the team kicking first wins in 60 % of the cases, probably due to the team kicking second being under more coerce when trail in the shoot-out. [ 99 ] As a remedy, he proposed using the Thue-Morse sequence to determine the kick orderliness. [ 100 ] Another, more comprehensive examination, analysis by InStat looked at over 2000 penalty complain shootouts the first base to go win 51.48 % of the clock time. [ 101 ] however, in the academic literature, empirical patronize for the universe of such a first-mover advantage is equivocal. [ 102 ] [ 103 ] [ 104 ] As part of a test to reduce a potential first-mover advantage, the IFAB sanctioned in March 2017 to test a different succession of taking penalties, known as “ ABBA ”, that mirrors the serving sequence in a tennis tiebreak ( team A kicks inaugural, team B kicks second base ) : [ 105 ]

Original sequence: AB AB AB AB AB (sudden death starts) AB AB AB etc.
Trial sequence: AB BA AB BA AB (sudden death starts) BA AB BA etc.

The trial was initially scheduled at the 2017 UEFA european Under-17 Championship and the 2017 UEFA Women ‘s Under-17 Championship in May 2017 if a penalty shoot-out would be needed. [ 106 ] The test was extended in June 2017 to include the 2017 UEFA european Under-19 Championship and the 2017 UEFA Women ‘s Under-19 Championship. [ 107 ] The penalty shoot-out in the Women ‘s Under-17 Championship semi-final between Germany and Norway was the first gear ever to implement this raw arrangement. [ 108 ] It was besides used in the 2017 FA Community Shield on 6 August 2017. [ 109 ] During the IFAB ‘s 133rd Annual Business Meeting in Glasgow, Scotland on 22 November 2018, it was agreed that due to the lack of strong back chiefly because of its complexity, the ABBA option would no long be used in future competitions. [ 110 ]

Alternatives [edit ]

assorted tie-break methods have been proposed, both before and since shoot-outs were introduced. historically, one of the first tie-breaking procedures was contained in the Sheffield Rules between 1862 and 1871, with the concept of the rouge, scorable when the ball went narrowly wide of the goal. Rule 14 stated “ A finish outweighs any total of rouges. Should no goals or an peer count be obtained, the match is decided by rouges ”. similarly, the try in rugby football was used from 1875 as a tie-breaker if teams were floor on goals. [ 111 ] A guide leave may be allowed to stand, unless the fixture determines which team qualifies for a late circle. Before 1993 ( except in 1974 ) the FA Charity Shield was shared if the match was drawn. When the one-third station playoff of the 1972 Olympic tournament between the Soviets and East Germany ended 2–2 after supernumerary time, [ 112 ] the bronze decoration was shared by the two teams. [ 113 ] During the qualification action for the 1962 World Cup, Morocco and Tunisia formed a two-team group. They both won 2–1 at home, so they played the third equal at a achromatic localization. When this ended in a 1–1 describe after extra time, Morocco advanced on a mint flip to the adjacent attack of reservation. This scenario was repeated during the qualification march for the 1970 World Cup, when the like two teams were tied after three matches and excess time. Again, Morocco advanced on a coin flip. tunisia did have better luck with the mint flip in the intervene years ; during the 1965 African Cup of Nations, they reached the final at the expense of Senegal by winning a coin convulse after three group matches had left Tunisia and Senegal tied with a succeed ( over Ethiopia ) and a draw ( against each other ). stream alternatives include replaying a match that has ended in a draw. This still occurs in the fifth ( final sixteen ) round and earlier rounds of the English FA Cup. Until 1991, any issue of replays were permitted, with a phonograph record of five. [ 114 ] [ failed verification ] ( Since then, a draw in the [ first base ] play back has been resolved by a penalty-shoot-out. ) only once, in 1974, did the European Cup final examination become to a replay. other suggestions have included using elements of match maneuver such as most shots on goal, most corner kicks awarded, fewest cautions and sendings-off, or having ongoing extra time with teams compelled to remove players at progressive intervals ( exchangeable to regular season act in the National Hockey League, where players play 3-on-3 in the extra clock time ). [ 115 ] These proposals have not even been authorised by the International Football Association Board. however, after the 2006 World Cup, Sepp Blatter stated that he wants no more penalty shoot-outs in the Final of the World Cup, tentatively suggesting either a replay or “ possibly to take players aside and play gold goal “. [ 92 ] Henry Birtles ‘ “ Advantage ” proposal is for the shoot-out to be held before extra-time, and only acting as a tiebreak if the game remains a draw after the entire 120 minutes. [ 116 ] Proponents of this theme country that it would lead to a more offensive extra-time as one of the teams would know they have to score and there would never be a match in which both teams are plainly waiting for penalties. Another advantage is that players who have missed would have a find to redeem themselves in extra-time. The obvious flaw is that the team that wins the penalty shoot-out would be inclined to play defensively in supernumerary time in the cognition that a draw would put them through. however, this flaw is not so acquit because a unmarried goal makes the dispute between winning and losing, as opposed to a team that defends a single-goal jumper cable more comfortably because a concede goal is the remainder between winning and drawing. Another alternative is Attacker Defender Goalkeeper ( ADG ), which features a series of ten contests, in which an attacker kicks-off from 32 yards and has twenty seconds to score a goal against a defender and goalkeeper. At the completion of the ten contests, the team with the most goals is the achiever. [ 117 ] [ 118 ]

north american experiments [edit ]

The north american Soccer League ( NASL ) in the 1970s and 1980s, then Major League Soccer ( MLS ) for its beginning four seasons ( 1996–1999 ) experimented with a magnetic declination of the shoot-out procedure. rather of a straight penalty kick, the shoot-out started 35 yards or 32 thousand from the goal and having five seconds to attempt a shoot. The player could make as many moves as he could in a breakaway situation in the five seconds, then attempt a snapshot. This operation is similar to that used in an ice field hockey penalty dart. As with a standard shoot-out, this variation used a best-of-five-kicks model, and if the grade was even level, the tiebreaker would head to an extra round of one undertake per team. This format rewarded player skills, as players were able to attempt to deceive goalkeepers and play the ball in an attack to make the shot, as in a one-on-one skills contest, and goalkeepers could take on the attackers without restrictions that are normally implemented in penalty shootouts. Soccer Bowl ’81, the NASL ‘s 1981 championship final examination, was decided by this format. [ 119 ] From its origin in 1968, the NASL used an unconventional steer system in determining the league standings. Teams were awarded six points for a winnings and three points for a string. In addition, teams earned one bonus point for each goal scored in a game up to a maximal of three per bet on. frankincense, a team that lost 5–3 would earn three points. however, a team that lost 1–0 would earn no points. besides, a team that won 5–4 would earn nine points ( the same as a 3–0 winnings ). But a team that won 2–0 would earn only eight points. In the league ‘s second season ( 1969 ), the Kansas City Spurs were the league champions with 10 wins, 2 losses and 4 ties even though the Atlanta Chiefs had 11 wins, 2 losses and 3 ties, because Kansas City earned more bonus points. Starting with 1971 postseason playoff matches, the NASL used a golden goal principle, and every match had a winner decided from the run of play. Extra-time sessions were 15 minutes long before a brief interrupt and deepen of ends. Game 1 of the 1971 NASL semifinal serial between the Rochester Lancers and the Dallas Tornado went six extra-time periods with Rochester scoring the game-winning goal in the 176th minute. Game 3 of that same series went four extra time periods with Dallas scoring in the 148th infinitesimal to win the couple and the series. In 1975, the NASL adopted a conventional penalty-kick gunfight system for all regular-season and postseason playoff matches, and there were no longer any NASL matches that ended in ties. In the standings, a team that won in rule time was awarded six points. A team that won in a penalty-kick gunfight was awarded one point. Bonus points continued to be awarded for each goal scored up to a maximum of three per game. In 1977, the NASL adopted the experimental north american gunfight operation described above. If a match was tied after 90 minutes, a utmost of two aureate goal extra clock periods of 7.5 minutes each were played. If neither team scored, the gunfight was held to determine the winner of the match. In the standings, a team that won was awarded six points whether the winnings came in regulation clock, extra time or by gunfight. Bonus points continued to be awarded for each goal scored up to a maximum of three per game. No bonus points were awarded for goals scored in extra time. Postseason playoff games were decided in the like manner. In 1981, the number of points awarded to a team that won a plot in a gunfight was reduced from six to four. This remained the system until the NASL ‘s final season in 1984.

From its origin in 1996, MLS used the gunfight system that had been used by the NASL to determine winners of matches. No regular-season or postseason playoff games ended in a affiliation. In general, no extra time was played ; the gunfight commenced immediately after 90 minutes had been played. The only exception was in the MLS Cup Final in which a match tied after 90 minutes would be followed by a utmost of two 15-minute supernumerary time sessions on a golden goal basis. In the regular-season standings, a team that won a match in regulation was awarded three points. A team that won a catch in a gunfight was awarded one charge. There were no bonus points or points awarded to teams that lost whether in regulation time or a gunfight. In the playoffs, the conference semifinals and league finals were organised as best-of-three matches series. A gunfight gain counted as a win. therefore, a team could win two of the three matches by gunfight and lose the other equal in regulation and still advance to the adjacent rung. This was inconsistent with how the teams were rewarded during the regular season when the team with one winnings would have earned three points, and the team with two wins would have earned only two points. In 1999, a maximum of two 15-minute fortunate goal supernumerary time periods were added for matches that were tied after 90 minutes of rule play. If neither team scored during extra fourth dimension, the peer was decided by a gunfight. MLS abandoned the north american stylus gunfight starting with the 2000 season. [ 120 ] If penalties are required to determine a winner during the playoffs, MLS now uses the shoot-out procedure specified by the International Football Association Board .