Asia - Wikipedia

continent
This article is about the continent. For other uses, see Asia ( disambiguation )

Map of the most populous part of Asia showing physical, political and population characteristics, as per 2018

Asia ( ) is a landmass variously described as separate of Eurasia or as Earth ‘s largest and most populous continent in its own correct, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the celibate of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres ( 17,212,000 sq mile ), about 30 % of Earth ‘s full land area and 8.7 % of the Earth ‘s sum surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, [ 7 ] was the site of many of the first gear civilizations. Its 4.5 billion people ( as of June 2019 ) constitute roughly 60 % of the global ‘s population. [ 8 ] In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The molding of Asia with Europe is a historic and cultural reconstruct, as there is no clear physical and geographic separation between them. It is reasonably arbitrary and has moved since its first creation in classical antiquity. The part of Eurasia into two continents reflects East–West cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences, some of which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharply divide pipeline. The most normally accept boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa ; and to the east of the turkish Straits, the Ural Mountains and Ural River, and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and the caspian and Black Seas, separating it from Europe. [ 9 ] China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE. China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia, [ 13 ] attracting European commerce, exploration and colonialism. The accidental discovery of a trans-Atlantic road from Europe to America by Columbus while in search for a route to India demonstrates this deep captivation. The Silk Road became the chief east–west trading road in the asian hinterlands while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Asia has exhibited economic dynamism ( particularly East Asia ) ampere well as robust population growth during the twentieth hundred, but overall population growth has since fallen. [ 14 ] Asia was the birthplace of most of the world ‘s mainstream religions including Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, ampere well as many other religions. Given its size and diverseness, the concept of Asia—a name dating back to classical antiquity —may actually have more to do with homo geography than physical geography. [ citation needed ] Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with attentiveness to cultural groups, cultures, environments, economics, historic ties and government systems. It besides has a shuffle of many different climates ranging from the equatorial south via the hot desert in the Middle East, temperate areas in the east and the continental kernel to vast subarctic and pivotal areas in Siberia .

definition and boundaries

Asia–Africa limit

The boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal. [ 15 ] This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia and the remainder of the country in Africa .

Asia–Europe limit

B” and “F” in this image. Definitions used for the boundary between Europe and Asia in unlike periods of History. The normally bear advanced definition by and large fits with the lines “ ” and “ ” in this image. The double division of the Old World into Europe, Asia and Africa has been in use since the sixth hundred BC, due to greek geographers such as Anaximander and Hecataeus. [ citation needed ] Anaximander placed the limit between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River ( the modern Rioni river ) in Georgia of Caucasus ( from its mouth by Poti on the Black Sea seashore, through the Surami Pass and along the Kura River to the Caspian Sea ), a convention hush followed by Herodotus in the fifth hundred BC. [ 16 ] During the Hellenistic period, [ 17 ] this convention was revised, and the boundary between Europe and Asia was nowadays considered to be the Tanais ( the mod Don River ). This is the convention used by Roman earned run average authors such as Posidonius, [ 18 ] Strabo [ 19 ] and Ptolemy. [ 20 ] The frame between Asia and Europe was historically defined by european academics. [ 21 ] The Don River became unsatisfactory to northern Europeans when Peter the Great, king of the Tsardom of Russia, defeating equal claims of Sweden and the Ottoman Empire to the easterly lands, and armed resistance by the tribes of Siberia, synthesized a new russian empire extending to the Ural Mountains and beyond, founded in 1721. The major geographic theorist of the empire was a former swedish prisoner-of-war, taken at the Battle of Poltava in 1709 and assigned to Tobolsk, where he associated with Peter ‘s siberian official, Vasily Tatishchev, and was allowed freedom to conduct geographic and anthropological studies in training for a future book. [ citation needed ] In Sweden, five years after Peter ‘s death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a modern atlas proposing the Ural Mountains as the border of Asia. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the estimate to von Strahlenberg. The latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century diverse proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century. The molding had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects. [ 22 ] The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is normally placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, although it is sometimes placed further north. [ 21 ]

Asia–Oceania limit

The surround between Asia and the region of Oceania is normally placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. The Maluku Islands in Indonesia are much considered to lie on the border of southeast Asia, with New Guinea, to the east of the islands, being wholly share of Oceania. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the nineteenth century, have had several vastly different geographic meanings since their origin. The chief agent in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the localization of the colonial possessions of the respective empires there ( not all European ). Lewis and Wigen assert, “ The constricting of ‘Southeast Asia ‘ to its present boundaries was therefore a gradual process. ” [ 23 ]

Ongoing definition

geographic Asia is a cultural artifact of european conceptions of the world, beginning with the Ancient Greeks, being imposed onto other cultures, an imprecise concept causing endemic competition about what it means. Asia does not precisely match to the cultural borders of its versatile types of constituents. [ 24 ] From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent arrangement ( Europe, Africa, Asia ) on the grounds that there is no solid physical legal separation between them. [ 25 ] For example, Sir Barry Cunliffe, the emeritus professor of european archeology at Oxford, argues that Europe has been geographically and culturally merely “ the western bulge of the continent of Asia ”. [ 26 ] geographically, Asia is the major eastern constituent of the celibate of Eurasia with Europe being a northwestern peninsula of the landmass. Asia, Europe and Africa make up a individual continuous landmass— Afro-Eurasia ( except for the Suez Canal ) —and share a common continental ledge. Almost all of Europe and a major part of Asia baby-sit atop the eurasian Plate, adjoined on the south by the Arabian and indian Plate and with the easternmost part of Siberia ( east of the Chersky Range ) on the north american Plate .

etymology

Ptolemy ‘s Asia The theme of a position called “ Asia ” was originally a concept of greek civilization, [ 27 ] though this might not correspond to the entire continent presently known by that name. The english parole comes from latin literature, where it has the like mannequin, “ Asia ”. Whether “ Asia ” in early languages comes from Latin of the Roman Empire is a lot less certain, and the ultimate source of the Latin news is unsealed, though several theories have been published. One of the first gear classical music writers to use Asia as a name of the whole continent was Pliny. [ 28 ] This metonymic change in mean is common and can be observed in some other geographic names, such as Scandinavia ( from Scania ) .

Bronze Age

Before greek poetry, the Aegean Sea area was in a greek Dark Age, at the get down of which syllabic compose was lost and alphabetic compose had not begun. Prior to then in the Bronze Age the records of the Assyrian Empire, the Hittite Empire and the versatile Mycenaean states of Greece mention a area undoubtedly Asia, surely in Anatolia, including if not identical to Lydia. These records are administrative and do not include poetry. The Mycenaean states were destroyed about 1200 BCE by unknown agents, though one school of think assigns the dorian invasion to this time. The burn of the palaces caused the clay tablets holding the Mycenaean administrative records to be preserved by baking. These tablets were written in a greek syllabic handwriting called Linear B. This script was deciphered by a number of interest parties, most notably by a young World War II cryptanalyst, Michael Ventris, subsequently assisted by the scholar, John Chadwick. A major cache discovered by Carl Blegen at the site of ancient Pylos included hundreds of male and female names formed by different methods. Some of these are of women held in servitude ( as study of the society implied by the content reveals ). They were used in trades, such as cloth-making, and normally came with children. The epithet lawiaiai, “ captives ”, associated with some of them identifies their origin. Some are heathen names. One in particular, aswiai, identifies “ women of Asia ”. [ 29 ] possibly they were captured in Asia, but some others, Milatiai, appear to have been of Miletus, a greek colony, which would not have been raided for slaves by Greeks. Chadwick suggests that the names record the locations where these foreign women were purchased. [ 30 ] The appoint is besides in the remarkable, Aswia, which refers both to the appoint of a area and to a female from there. There is a masculine form, aswios. This Aswia appears to have been a end of a region known to the Hittites as Assuwa, centered on Lydia, or “ roman Asia ”. This name, Assuwa, has been suggested as the lineage for the name of the continent “ Asia ”. [ 31 ] The Assuwa league was a alliance of states in western Anatolia, defeated by the Hittites under Tudhaliya I around 1400 BCE .

classical music ancientness

The state of Asia highlighted ( in loss ) within the Roman Empire. latin Asia and Greek Ἀσία appear to be the same word. Roman authors translated Ἀσία as Asia. The Romans named a state Asia, located in western Anatolia ( in contemporary Turkey ). There was an Asia Minor and an Asia Major located in contemporary Iraq. As the earliest attest of the mention is greek, it is probably minutely that Asia came from Ἀσία, but ancient transitions, due to the lack of literary context, are difficult to catch in the act. The most likely vehicles were the ancient geographers and historians, such as Herodotus, who were all Greek. Ancient Greek surely evidences early and rich uses of the name. [ 32 ] The beginning continental use of Asia is attributed to Herodotus ( about 440 BCE ), not because he innovated it, but because his Histories are the earliest surviving prose to describe it in any contingent. He defines it carefully, [ 33 ] mentioning the previous geographers whom he had read, but whose works are nowadays missing. By it he means Anatolia and the Persian Empire, in contrast to Greece and Egypt. Herodotus comments that he is puzzled as to why three women ‘s names were “ given to a tract which is in reality one ” ( Europa, Asia, and Libya, referring to Africa ), stating that most Greeks assumed that Asia was named after the wife of Prometheus ( i.e. Hesione ), but that the Lydians say it was named after Asies, son of Cotys, who passed the identify on to a kin at Sardis. [ 34 ] In Greek mythology, “ asia ” ( Ἀσία ) or “ Asie ” ( Ἀσίη ) was the name of a “ Nymph or Titan goddess of Lydia ”. [ 35 ] In ancient Greek religion, places were under the manage of female divinities, parallel to defender angels. The poets detailed their doings and generations in allegorical speech salted with entertaining stories, which subsequently playwrights transformed into classical music greek drama and became “ greek mythology ”. For exemplar, Hesiod mentions the daughters of Tethys and Ocean, among whom are a “ holy ship’s company ”, “ who with the Lord Apollo and the Rivers have youths in their keeping ”. [ 36 ] Many of these are geographic : Doris, Rhodea, Europa, Asia. Hesiod explains : [ 37 ]

For there are three-thousand neat-ankled daughters of Ocean who are dispersed far and across-the-board, and in every place alike serve the earth and the deep waters .

The Iliad ( attributed by the ancient Greeks to Homer ) mentions two Phrygians ( the kin that replaced the Luvians in Lydia ) in the Trojan War named Asios ( an adjectival think of “ asian ” ) ; [ 38 ] and besides a marsh or lowland containing a marsh in Lydia as ασιος. [ 39 ] According to many Muslims, the terminus came from Ancient Egypt ‘s Queen Asiya, the adopted mother of Moses. [ 40 ]

history

The history of Asia can be seen as the discrete histories of respective peripheral coastal regions : East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, linked by the inside aggregate of the Central Asian steppes. The coastal periphery was home to some of the world ‘s earliest known civilizations, each of them developing around fecund river valleys. The civilizations in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and the Yellow River shared many similarities. These civilizations may well have exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and the bicycle. other innovations, such as write, seem to have been developed individually in each area. Cities, states and empires developed in these lowlands. The central steppe region had long been inhabited by horse-mounted nomads who could reach all areas of Asia from the steppes. The earliest contend expansion out of the steppe is that of the Indo-Europeans, who spread their languages into the Middle East, South Asia, and the borders of China, where the Tocharians resided. The northernmost part of Asia, including a lot of Siberia, was largely inaccessible to the steppe nomads, owing to the dense forests, climate and tundra. These areas remained very sparsely populated. The kernel and the peripheries were largely kept separated by mountains and deserts. The Caucasus and Himalaya mountains and the Karakum and Gobi deserts formed barriers that the steppe horsemen could cross only with difficulty. While the urban city dwellers were more advance technologically and socially, in many cases they could do fiddling in a military aspect to defend against the mount hordes of the steppe. however, the lowlands did not have adequate open grasslands to support a boastfully horsebound force ; for this and early reasons, the nomads who conquered states in China, India, and the Middle East frequently found themselves adapting to the local, more feeder societies. The Islamic Caliphate ‘s defeats of the Byzantine and Persian empires led to West Asia and southern parts of Central Asia and western parts of South Asia under its control during its conquests of the seventh hundred. The Mongol Empire conquered a big partially of Asia in the thirteenth century, an area extending from China to Europe. Before the Mongol invasion, Song dynasty reportedly had approximately 120 million citizens ; the 1300 census which followed the invasion reported approximately 60 million people. [ 42 ] The Black Death, one of the most crushing pandemics in human history, is thought to have originated in the arid plains of central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road. [ 43 ] The Russian Empire began to expand into Asia from the seventeenth century, and would finally take control of all of Siberia and most of Central Asia by the end of the nineteenth century. The Ottoman Empire controlled Anatolia, most of the Middle East, North Africa and the Balkans from the mid sixteenth century onwards. In the seventeenth century, the Manchu conquered China and established the Qing dynasty. The Islamic Mughal Empire and the Hindu Maratha Empire controlled much of India in the 16th and 18th centuries respectively. [ 44 ] The Empire of Japan controlled most of East Asia and much of Southeast Asia, New Guinea and the Pacific islands until the conclusion of World War II .

Geography and climate

The Himalayan range is home to some of the planet ‘s highest peaks. Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9 % of the Earth ‘s total surface area ( or 30 % of its nation area ), and has the longest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres ( 39,022 secret intelligence service ). Asia is broadly defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains ( or the Kuma–Manych Depression ) and the caspian and Black Seas. [ 9 ] [ 46 ] It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the confederacy by the indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 49 countries, five of them ( Georgia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey ) are transcontinental countries lying partially in Europe. Geographically, Russia is partially in Asia, but is considered a european nation, both culturally and politically. The Gobi Desert is in Mongolia and the Arabian Desert stretches across much of the Middle East. The Yangtze River in China is the longest river in the continent. The Himalayas between Nepal and China is the tallest batch range in the populace. tropical rainforests stretch across much of southern Asia and coniferous and deciduous forests lie far north .

main regions

North Asia
Central Asia
westerly Asia ( Near East )
South Asia
East Asia ( Far East )
Southeast Asia

division of Asia into regions by the UNSD There are respective approaches to the regional division of Asia. The follow section into regions is used, among others, by the UN statistics representation UNSD. This division of Asia into regions by the United Nations is done entirely for statistical reasons and does not imply any assumption about political or early affiliations of countries and territories. [ 47 ]

climate

Asia has highly divers climate features. Climates range from arctic and subarctic in Siberia to tropical in southerly India and Southeast Asia. It is damp across southeast sections, and dry across much of the interior. Some of the largest daily temperature ranges on Earth occur in western sections of Asia. The monsoon circulation dominates across southern and easterly sections, ascribable to the bearing of the Himalayas forcing the geological formation of a thermal gloomy which draws in moisture during the summer. southwestern sections of the continent are hot. Siberia is one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere, and can act as a beginning of north-polar air masses for North America. The most active put on earth for tropical cyclone activeness lies northeast of the Philippines and south of Japan. A view carried out in 2010 by ball-shaped hazard analysis grow Maplecroft identified 16 countries that are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Each state ‘s vulnerability was calculated using 42 socio, economic and environmental indicators, which identified the likely climate change impacts during the next 30 years. The asian countries of Bangladesh, India, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, China and Sri Lanka were among the 16 countries facing extreme risk from climate change. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Some shifts are already occurring. For model, in tropical parts of India with a semi-arid climate, the temperature increased by 0.4 °C between 1901 and 2003. A 2013 survey by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ( ICRISAT ) aimed to find science-based, pro-poor approaches and techniques that would enable Asia ‘s agrarian systems to cope with climate change, while benefitting poor and vulnerable farmers. The study ‘s recommendations ranged from improving the use of climate data in local planning and strengthening weather-based agro-advisory services, to stimulating diversification of rural family incomes and providing incentives to farmers to adopt natural resource conservation measures to enhance forest shroud, replenish groundwater and practice renewable energy. [ 51 ] The ten countries of the Association of Southeast asian Nations ( ASEAN ) – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam – are among the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change in the world, however, ASEAN ‘s climate extenuation efforts are not commensurate with the climate threats and risks it faces. [ 52 ]

economy

Asia has the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the global, and is the fastest growing economic region. [ 53 ] As of 2018, the largest economies in Asia are China, Japan, India, South Korea, Indonesia and Turkey based on GDP in both noun phrase and PPP. [ 54 ] Based on Global Office Locations 2011, Asia dominated the office locations with 4 of the top 5 being in Asia : Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo and Seoul. Around 68 percentage of international firms have an office in Hong Kong. [ 55 ] In the late 1990s and early on 2000s, the economies of China [ 56 ] and India have been growing quickly, both with an average annual growth rate of more than 8 %. other recent very-high-growth nations in Asia include Israel, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines, and mineral-rich nations such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Brunei, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman. According to economic historian Angus Maddison in his script The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, India had the earth ‘s largest economy during 0 BCE and 1000 BCE. Historically, India was the largest economy in the worldly concern for most of the two millennium from the 1st until 19th hundred, contributing 25 % of the earth ‘s industrial output signal. [ 57 ] [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] China was the largest and most advanced economy on earth for much of record history and shared the mantle with India. [ 61 ] [ 62 ] [ 63 ] For respective decades in the belated twentieth hundred Japan was the largest economy in Asia and second-largest of any single nation in the worldly concern, after surpassing the Soviet Union ( measured in net material product ) in 1990 and Germany in 1968. ( NB : A number of supernational economies are larger, such as the European Union ( EU ), the north american Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) or APEC ). This ended in 2010 when China pass Japan to become the universe ‘s second largest economy.

Rank	Country	GDP (nominal, Peak Year) millions of USD	Peak Year
1	China	16,862,979	2021
2	Japan	6,272,364	2012
3	India	2,946,061	2021
4	Russia	2,288,428	2013
5	South Korea	1,823,852	2021
6	Indonesia	1,150,245	2021
7	Iran	1,081,383	2021
8	Turkey	957,504	2013
9	Saudi Arabia	842,588	2021
10	Taiwan	785,589	2021

Rank	Country	GDP (PPP, Peak Year) millions of USD	Peak Year
1	China	27,071,959	2021
2	India	10,181,166	2021
3	Japan	5,633,505	2021
4	Russia	4,447,477	2021
5	Indonesia	3,530,329	2021
6	Turkey	2,873,841	2021
7	South Korea	2,503,395	2021
8	Saudi Arabia	1,734,234	2021
9	Taiwan	1,443,411	2021
10	Iran	1,344,086	2011

tourism

With growing regional tourism with domination of chinese visitors, MasterCard has released Global Destination Cities Index 2013 with 10 of 20 are dominated by Asia and Pacific Region Cities and besides for the first prison term a city of a area from Asia ( Bangkok ) specify in the top-ranked with 15.98 international visitors. [ 78 ]

Demographics

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1500	243,000,000	—
1700	436,000,000	+0.29%
1900	947,000,000	+0.39%
1950	1,402,000,000	+0.79%
1999	3,634,000,000	+1.96%
2016	4,462,676,731	+1.22%

Source: “UN report 2004 data” (PDF). The figure for 2018 is provided by the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[2][3].

Graph showing population by continent as a share of populace population ( 1750–2005 ) East Asia had by far the strongest overall Human Development Index ( HDI ) improvement of any region in the global, closely doubling average HDI attainment over the past 40 years, according to the report ‘s psychoanalysis of health, education and income data. China, the second highest achiever in the world in terms of HDI improvement since 1970, is the only state on the “ top 10 Movers ” number due to income preferably than health or education achievements. Its per head income increased a arresting 21-fold over the last four decades, besides lifting hundreds of millions out of income poverty. Yet it was not among the region ‘s top performers in improving school registration and life sentence anticipation. [ 79 ]
Nepal, a South asian state, emerges as one of the world ‘s fastest movers since 1970 chiefly due to health and education achievements. Its award life sentence anticipation is 25 years longer than in the 1970s. More than four of every five children of school senesce in Nepal now attend primary school, compared to just one in five 40 years ago. [ 79 ]
Hong Kong ranked highest among the countries grouped on the HDI ( phone number 7 in the world, which is in the “ identical high human growth ” class ), followed by Singapore ( 9 ), Japan ( 19 ) and South Korea ( 22 ). Afghanistan ( 155 ) ranked lowest amongst asian countries out of the 169 countries assessed. [ 79 ]

Languages

Asia is home to several terminology families and many linguistic process isolates. Most asian countries have more than one terminology that is natively spoken. For example, according to Ethnologue, more than 600 languages are spoken in Indonesia, more than 800 languages spoken in India, and more than 100 are spoken in the Philippines. China has many languages and dialects in different provinces .

Religions

many of the earth ‘s major religions have their origins in Asia, including the five most practiced in the world ( excluding irreligiousness ), which are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Chinese folk music religion ( classified as Confucianism and Taoism ), and Buddhism respectively. asian mythology is complex and divers. The narrative of the Great Flood for exemplar, as presented to Jews in the Hebrew Bible in the narrative of Noah —and late to Christians in the Old Testament, and to Muslims in the Quran —is earliest found in Mesopotamian mythology, in the Enûma Eliš and Epic of Gilgamesh. Hindu mythology similarly tells about an avatar of Vishnu in the shape of a pisces who warned Manu of a awful deluge. Ancient Chinese mythology besides tells of a Great Flood spanning generations, one that required the compound efforts of emperors and divinities to control .

Abrahamic

Pilgrims in the annual Hajj at the Kaabah in Mecca The Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Baháʼí Faith originated in West Asia. judaism, the oldest of the Abrahamic faiths, is practiced primarily in Israel, the autochthonal fatherland and historic birthplace of the Hebrew nation : which today consists both of those Jews who remained in the Middle East and those who returned from diaspora in Europe, North America, and other regions ; [ 80 ] though versatile diaspora communities persist worldwide. Jews are the overriding ethnic group in Israel ( 75.6 % ) total at about 6.1 million, [ 81 ] although the levels of adhesiveness to Jewish religion deviate. Outside of Israel there are small ancient jewish communities in Turkey ( 17,400 ), [ 82 ] Azerbaijan ( 9,100 ), [ 83 ] Iran ( 8,756 ), [ 84 ] India ( 5,000 ) and Uzbekistan ( 4,000 ), [ 85 ] among many other places. In sum, there are 14.4–17.5 million ( 2016, est. ) [ 86 ] Jews alive in the populace today, making them one of the smallest asian minorities, at roughly 0.3 to 0.4 percentage of the total population of the continent. Christianity is a widespread religion in Asia with more than 286 million adherents according to Pew Research Center in 2010, [ 87 ] and about 364 million according to Britannica Book of the year 2014. [ 88 ] Constituting around 12.6 % of the sum population of Asia. In the Philippines and East Timor, Roman Catholicism is the overriding religion ; it was introduced by the Spaniards and the Portuguese, respectively. In Armenia and Georgia, Eastern Orthodoxy is the prevailing religion. In the Middle East, such as in the Levant, Syriac Christianity ( Church of the East ) and oriental Orthodoxy are prevailing minority denominations, which are both Eastern Christian sects chiefly adhered to assyrian people or Syriac Christians. Saint Thomas Christians in India trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the first hundred. [ 89 ] Islam, which originated in the Hejaz located in contemporary Saudi Arabia, is the second largest and most widely-spread religion in Asia with at least 1 billion Muslims constituting around 23.8 % of the sum population of Asia. [ 90 ] With 12.7 % of the world Muslim population, the state presently with the largest muslim population in the universe is Indonesia, followed by Pakistan ( 11.5 % ), India ( 10 % ), Bangladesh, Iran and Turkey. Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are the three holiest cities for Islam in all the world. The Hajj and Umrah attract big numbers of Muslim devotees from all over the global to Mecca and Medina. Iran is the largest Shi’a state. The Baháʼí Faith originated in Asia, in Iran ( Persia ), and spread from there to the Ottoman Empire, Central Asia, India, and Burma during the life of Bahá’u’lláh. Since the middle of the twentieth century, growth has peculiarly occurred in other asian countries, because Baháʼí activities in many Muslim countries has been hard suppressed by authorities. Lotus Temple is a big Baháʼí Temple in India .

indian and east asian religions

about all asian religions have philosophical character and asian philosophic traditions cover a large spectrum of philosophic thoughts and writings. indian philosophy includes Hindu doctrine and Buddhist philosophy. They include elements of immaterial pursuits, whereas another educate of think from India, Cārvāka, preached the use of the material populace. The religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated in India, South Asia. In East Asia, particularly in China and Japan, Confucianism, Taoism and Zen Buddhism took form. As of 2012, Hinduism has about 1.1 billion adherents. The faith represents around 25 % of Asia ‘s population and is the largest religion in Asia. however, it is largely concentrated in South Asia. Over 80 % of the populations of both India and Nepal adhere to Hinduism, aboard significant communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Bali, Indonesia. many overseas Indians in countries such as Burma, Singapore and Malaysia besides adhere to Hinduism .
The Hindu-Buddhist temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, the largest religious repository in the world Buddhism has a bang-up follow in mainland Southeast Asia and East Asia. Buddhism is the religion of the majority of the populations of Cambodia ( 96 % ), [ 92 ] Thailand ( 95 % ), [ 93 ] Burma ( 80–89 % ), [ 94 ] Japan ( 36–96 % ), [ 95 ] Bhutan ( 75–84 % ), [ 96 ] Sri Lanka ( 70 % ), [ 97 ] Laos ( 60–67 % ) [ 98 ] and Mongolia ( 53–93 % ). [ 99 ] Large Buddhist populations besides exist in Singapore ( 33–51 % ), [ 100 ] Taiwan ( 35–93 % ), [ 101 ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] [ 104 ] South Korea ( 23–50 % ), [ 105 ] Malaysia ( 19–21 % ), [ 106 ] Nepal ( 9–11 % ), [ 107 ] Vietnam ( 10–75 % ), [ 108 ] China ( 20–50 % ), [ 109 ] North Korea ( 2–14 % ), [ 110 ] [ 111 ] [ 112 ] and small communities in India and Bangladesh. The Communist-governed countries of China, Vietnam and North Korea are officially atheist, therefore the numeral of Buddhists and other religious adherents may be under-reported. jainism is found chiefly in India and in oversea amerind communities such as the United States and Malaysia. sikhism is found in Northern India and amongst oversea indian communities in other parts of Asia, specially Southeast Asia. Confucianism is found predominantly in Mainland China, South Korea, Taiwan and in oversea taiwanese populations. taoism is found chiefly in Mainland China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. In many taiwanese communities, Taoism is well syncretized with Mahayana Buddhism, therefore accurate religious statistics are difficult to obtain and may be understated or overstated .

modern conflicts

A refugee particular educate in Ambala, Punjab during the division of India in 1947 Demonstrations in Hong Kong against the Extradition bill began in March 2019 and turned into continuing aggregate movements, drawing around 2 million protesters by June Some of the events pivotal in the Asia territory related to the relationship with the outside global in the post- Second World War were :

culture

Nobel prizes

The polymath Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali poet, dramatist, and writer from Santiniketan, now in West Bengal, India, became in 1913 the first asian Nobel laureate. He won his Nobel Prize in Literature for noteworthy impingement his prose works and poetic thought had on English, French, and early national literatures of Europe and the Americas. He is besides the writer of the national anthems of Bangladesh and India. other asian writers who won Nobel Prize for literature include Yasunari Kawabata ( Japan, 1968 ), Kenzaburō Ōe ( Japan, 1994 ), Gao Xingjian ( China, 2000 ), Orhan Pamuk ( Turkey, 2006 ), and Mo Yan ( China, 2012 ). Some may consider the american writer, Pearl S. Buck, an honorary asian Nobel laureate, having spent considerable clock time in China as the daughter of missionaries, and based many of her novels, namely The Good Earth ( 1931 ) and The Mother ( 1933 ), vitamin a well as the biographies of her parents for their time in China, The Exile and Fighting Angel, all of which earned her the Literature loot in 1938. besides, Mother Teresa of India and Shirin Ebadi of Iran were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their significant and pioneer efforts for democracy and human rights, specially for the rights of women and children. Ebadi is the first iranian and the first Muslim charwoman to receive the choice. Another Nobel Peace Prize winner is Aung San Suu Kyi from Burma for her passive and non-violent conflict under a military dictatorship in Burma. She is a nonviolent pro-democracy activist and drawing card of the National League for Democracy in Burma ( Myanmar ) and a celebrated prisoner of conscience. She is a Buddhist and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. taiwanese dissenter Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “ his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China ” on 8 October 2010. He is the first gear chinese citizen to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China. In 2014, Kailash Satyarthi from India and Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize “ for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education ”. Sir C.V. Raman is the first Asian to get a Nobel pry in Sciences. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics “ for his work on the scatter of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him “. Japan has won the most Nobel Prizes of any asian state with 24 followed by India which has won 13. Amartya Sen, ( bear 3 November 1933 ) is an indian economist who was awarded the 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice hypothesis, and for his matter to in the problems of society ‘s poorest members. other asian Nobel Prize winners include Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Abdus Salam, Malala Yousafzai, Robert Aumann, Menachem Begin, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Daniel Kahneman, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Ada Yonath, Yasser Arafat, José Ramos-Horta and Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo of Timor Leste, Kim Dae-jung, and 13 japanese scientists. Most of the said awardees are from Japan and Israel except for Chandrasekhar and Raman ( India ), Abdus Salam and Malala Yousafzai, ( Pakistan ), Arafat ( palestinian Territories ), Kim ( South Korea ), and Horta and Belo ( Timor Leste ). In 2006, Dr. Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the establishment of Grameen Bank, a residential district exploitation bank that lends money to poor people, particularly women in Bangladesh. Dr. Yunus received his PhD in economics from Vanderbilt University, United States. He is internationally known for the concept of micro recognition which allows inadequate and destitute people with little or no collateral to borrow money. The borrowers typically pay back money within the pin down period and the incidence of default is very gloomy. The Dalai Lama has received approximately eighty-four awards over his religious and political career. [ 113 ] On 22 June 2006, he became one of entirely four people ever to be recognized with Honorary Citizenship by the Governor General of Canada. On 28 May 2005, he received the Christmas Humphreys Award from the Buddhist Society in the United Kingdom. Most celebrated was the Nobel Peace Prize, presented in Oslo, Norway on 10 December 1989 .

political geography

Within the above-mentioned states are several partially recognized countries with limited to no external recognition. none of them are members of the united nations :

See besides

References to articles:
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Lists:
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Notes

^ Siberia lies in Asia geographically, but is considered a depart of Europe culturally and politically .

References

bibliography

Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Kären (1997). The myth of continents: a critique of metageography. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20743-1.
Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1973). Documents in Mycenaean Greek (2nd ed.). Cambridge: University Press.

further read

Asia at Wikipedia’s at Wikipedia ‘s

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